On returning to Nanshan at the end of the year
Don? meng haoran
Don't write to the North Yard again, let me go back to the old hut in the old Nanshan.
I have no reason to decide to give up my point of view. My old and many sick friends have stopped practicing.
The frequency of white hair is that people are getting more and more every day, and spring is coming to force them to die.
Full of sadness, tossing and turning, the pine forest is empty under the moon.
Make an appreciative comment
"I was expelled by a wise ruler because of my mistake. I was ill for so long that I couldn't see my friends" is the explanation of the first alliance "I stopped petitioning at Beigongmen and went to this collapsed hut on Zhongnanshan". It means that I decided to give up my official career and choose to retire because I am incompetent and sick, and I have not been reused and disliked by my friends. In fact, the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistake" contains very complicated feelings. Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In his early years, he was ambitious to use the world. He also boasted that "his words and fu are also very skilled" and said that he was "incompetent", which is really self-deprecating. In fact, this "incompetence" also means complaining that he is talented, but he is not known by the "wise Lord", so this "wise Lord" may not be wise; However, the author is eager to be an official, calling him "the wise master" and expressing his desire to be reused. This sentence is about resentment, self-pity, sadness and pleading, and the feelings are quite complicated. And "I've been ill for so long and I haven't seen any friends" is more tactful than the previous sentence. Meng Haoran quit his relatives and traveled abroad in order to enter the business in his early years, and made many friends, worshipped officials and celebrities. After swimming in Dongting Lake, he wrote a letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang and talked about it. Meng Haoran stayed in Chang 'an to offer poems after the failure of Jinshi. He once wrote poems in imperial academy, became a famous minister and paid tribute to him. However, his efforts did not seem to add weight to his career. So in the sentence "I haven't seen a friend for so long", he complained that "an old friend" was not recommended or effectively recommended, while the poet said that he had alienated his old friend because of "illness", which was very euphemistic. In addition, in ancient times, "poverty" and "illness" were interlinked, saying that "being ill" was "poverty"; Furthermore, saying that he is ill alienates "old friends", so that "old friends" have no chance to recommend themselves, thus not being known to the wise master. This is the theme of this poem.
There is a short story about these two sentences. Meng Haoran and Zhang said that they are very close friends. Legend has it that Zhang said that he had privately invited him into the office. Just as Xuanzong arrived, Meng Haoran fled to the bed. Zhang said he dared not hide it. Xuanzong faithfully ordered him to come out to see the holy one. Haoran recited his poem to the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", and Xuanzong was very unhappy. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why should you accuse me?" Put it back in Xiangyang. After roaming in wuyue, I was extremely poor.
Extended reading: Meng Haoran's poetic style
Meng Haoran's poems are mainly characterized by seclusion, leisure, wandering and worrying, and his poetic style is light and natural, and he is good at five-character ancient poems.
Meng Haoran was the first poet who devoted himself to writing landscape poems in Tang Dynasty. He mainly writes landscape poems, and he is one of the representatives of the pastoral school of landscape poems. In the early stage, he mainly wrote political poems and frontier fortress ranger poems, and in the later stage, he mainly wrote landscape poems. Today, there are more than 200 poems, most of which were written when he wandered, and some of which were written when he visited his hometown Wanshan, Xianshan and Lumen Mountain. There are also several poems describing rural life. The geographical scope of this poem is quite extensive.
Landscape is the most important theme of poetry in the Southern Dynasties, which has experienced long-term development and made remarkable achievements. By Meng Haoran, landscape poetry has been promoted to a new height, mainly in the following aspects: the relationship between emotion and scenery in poetry is not only a mutual foil, but also a close combination of water and milk; The artistic conception of poetry is more pure and clear because all unnecessary and uncoordinated elements are eliminated; The structure of the poem is also more perfect. Meng Haoran prefers water rafting during his trip, as he himself said: "For many mountains and rivers, he often goes boating." (Jingqilitan) His poems mostly describe the beauty of Jiangnan water town and the interest of roaming, such as boating in the west)
Fang Rixi pointed out in the article "On the Lightness of Meng Haoran's Poetic Style": "Throughout Meng Haoran's poems, there are roughly three kinds of light poetic styles: one is that the thoughts and feelings are light and there is no intense emotion; Secondly, the poetic expression is weak and there is no strong poetic display; Third, the language is pale and there is no colorful description.
Extended Reading: Meng Haoran's Poetic Artistic Conception
The artistic conception of Meng Haoran's landscape poems is full of vitality and tranquility. But he can also express his greatness with magnificent writing. Such as "seeing Lushan Mountain in Lipeng Lake". Pan Deyu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, took this poem and fishing in Putan in his early years as examples, calling Meng Zhi's poem "vigorous and overlooking everything" ("Yang Shi Hua"), which showed its important characteristics of exuberance. Yin Kun, a poetry critic in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, likes to use the word "Xiang Xing" to talk about poetry. When commenting on Meng Haoran's two poems, he also said that "whatever the image, it is also true" (see He Ji Ling). The so-called "towards the star" means that the poet's emotion and spirit control the image, making it integrate with the vibration of the poet's mind, thus gaining life, personality and vitality. It is a common feature of Meng Haoran's poems to emphasize "looking to the stars". This can be seen more clearly by comparing several different works. These three poems, A Message from Dongting Lake, A Boat from Tonglu to Yangzhou Friends and A Night Sleeping in Jiande, are all about rivers and lakes, but they have different personalities. The first song was written by Meng when he applied for the Zhang Jiuling shogunate. He was excited to have a chance to try his ambition. He once wrote "Grateful to Play the Crown, Keep Peace and Stay Poor" (Shu Huai Yi Jing Yi Hao Tong) and "It's not too late for an old friend to die now" (Send Ding Dafeng Jinshi to Zhang Jiuling). It is this high-spirited emotion that made him write such a magnificent famous sentence as "Clouds, dreams and fog around Yueyang". The second and third songs were written on the day when I traveled to southern wuyue after I was down and out. The former wrote his own sad inner turmoil with the turbulent scenery of the wind and the river, while the latter wrote the feelings of lonely wanderers with the quiet scenery of the wild Qingjiang River. Their spirits are very different. Taking "Xing" as the essence and "Image" as the essence, highlighting the subject's emotional feelings, unifying the two and constructing a complete artistic conception are the important contributions of Meng Haoran's landscape poems.