The historicity of Du Fu's poems determines the realistic writing techniques. It is indeed a prominent feature of Du Fu's poetry to enter the poem with current events and face the social reality directly. Du Fu inherited the spirit of patriotism and love for the people in The Book of Songs and Li Sao, developed the fine tradition of "writing current affairs" in the folk songs of the two Han Yuefu Dynasties, and founded a new Yuefu with "nothing to rely on".
Du Fu's classical Yuefu poems, in addition to imitating the meaning of the ancient Yuefu poems in Han and Wei Dynasties, can also create new themes and original styles. Such as "military vehicle shop":
Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists. Father, mother, son and wife, watching you go, dust can't build a bridge. On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky. Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border. Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped. Haven't you heard that there are hundreds of villages covered with vegetation in 200 states east of Huashan Mountain? Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight. No matter what demands are made on them, does the soldier dare to expand his hatred? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from? We know that having a son will bring bad luck, and having a daughter will be much better. They can get married and live in the neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground. Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned? The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky.
This poem, written during Du Fu's exile in Chang 'an, satirizes Tang Xuanzong's belligerence, regardless of the people's life and death, and instead of using the old Yuefu title such as "joining the army", he directly criticized the shortcomings of the times with his own innovative title. In writing, it begins with a farewell tragedy and is a chronicle; From "A Pedestrian Crossing the Cloud" to the grievances of recruiters, the narrator adopts an objective documentary description method for narrative, completely standing on the standpoint of people's sufferings.
The realism of Du Fu's poems not only narrates events, but also pays attention to the description of details. These details, or people, events or artistic conception, are carefully portrayed, and the truth can be seen from the details, which unfolds the picture and introduces people into a certain atmosphere and realm. The Northern Expedition describes what Feng Xiangxing saw and heard on his way to his hometown in Langzhou. He wrote ordinary details, but it is these small descriptions that show a broad historical lie from one angle. It is these small descriptions that make the narrative style of Du Fu's poems different from the previous narrative poems. It has changed from a general description to a fragment of specific events, and because of the details, it has less exaggeration and more truth. The story has been diluted, but the vivid color has been greatly enhanced.
The realism of Du Fu's poems also incorporates strong lyricism, but when it comes to current affairs, it also contains tears and affection. This is not only because he can put himself in the people's shoes, but also because he is a member of ordinary people. As long as he truly tells what he has seen, heard and felt, he becomes the spokesman of the people. Zhuang You and Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian are both excellent works of this kind. "History of Poetry" is first of all poetry. People are far more interested in reading Du Fu's poems than in reading history, just because it is full of emotional images and contains the joys and sorrows of ordinary people. For example, "Send Eight Guards to Chu Shi": "When friends meet, it is as difficult as the stars in the morning and evening. Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight. Two men who were young not long ago now have gray temples. It shocked us to find that half of our friends were dead, which made us sad. " "Mourning for the Head": "Shaoling is always weeping at night, and I am like a spring shadow flowing downstream. Lock the main door of Jiangtou Palace, willow, new rushes, who are you so green for? ! ..... Where are those perfect eyes and those pearly teeth? A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go. The clear water flows eastward, and there is no news after crossing the gap in the watchtower. " Things have changed, and there are countless vicissitudes. This is what people who fled in the war will feel.
See textbook P266 for the answer analysis.
Knowledge points of this topic: Du Fu and the poetic history of his poems,