After working in the pavilion for 16 years, Yang Jiong was appointed as the secretary of the collator in Beijing Province in the third year of Shangyuan (676). According to Guan Baizhi, the second edition of New Tang Book, there are "ten proofreaders, four orthographies and four orthographies, who are responsible for proofreading classics and publishing articles." Yang Jiong, who was full of worldly ideals, didn't get an official position of "Examining Classics" until he was in his thirties. Yang Jiong was very depressed about the stagnation of his career. He created Hun Talents to express his feelings. Tang Yifeng (676-679). Dr. Tai Chang, Su's confidant, went to the court and suggested that the coronation system be re-agreed. The emperor ordered a consultation. Yang Jiong wrote "On the Coronation of the Duke or Duchess", reviewing the ancient canon system, and pointed out that Su Zhiyin's suggestion was not discussed and failed to be adopted by the emperor.
In the second year of Tang Yonglong (68 1), Yang Jiong was recommended by Xue, assistant minister of Zhongshu, as a bachelor of Chongwen Pavilion. In the first year of Yongchun (682), Yang Jiong was promoted to Prince Li Xian as the official of Zhan Si, and was charged as a bachelor of Hong Wen Pavilion, in charge of the general affairs of the Prince's East Palace. After six or seven years of stagnation in the secretary province, Yang Jiong finally jumped from the end of the Nine Grades to become the director of the Prince's showroom, and also served as the bachelor of the prestigious Chongwen Pavilion, which started a great leap in his career. According to the book Guan Baizhi of the New Tang Dynasty, there are "two directors, seven grades, in charge of rectifying and disintegrating bureaucrats and leading the government." Zhan is a close confidant of the prince, in charge of the internal affairs of the East Palace, and his position is quite important. In the face of such a career leap, Yang Jiong's heart is excited. During this period, he created articles such as Listening to the Residence Fu to express his happy mood.
In September of the third year of Tang Yongchun's relegation to Zizhou (684), Yang Shenrang, the son of Yang Jiong's uncle Yang Degan, followed Xu Jingye to fight Wu Zetian in Yangzhou. After the incident subsided, Yang De and his son were killed, and Yang Jiong was also implicated. In 686, Yang Jiong was exiled to Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province) to join the army, ending his 26-year stable life in Chang 'an.
In the first year of Tang Tianshou Jiaogong (690), Yang Jiong returned to Luoyang, and Wu Zetian wrote a letter to Yang Jiong and Song directly to learn art, and was in charge of instructors and book counting. Although he was unhappy because of his low official position, he still praised Wu Zetian. In July of the first year of Ruyi (692) 15, a pot of orchids was released in the palace and lent to Buddhist temples. Wu Zetian took the ministers to watch at the gate of Luonan. Yang Jiong presented "Ode to the Orchid Basin", praising Wu Zetian's "Zhou Mingcai was new", and hoped that Wu Zetian, as a "holy emperor", could "look at benevolence, disobey customs, take prison measures, save a feast ... donate pearls, cherish millet, dismiss from office and be considerate of the people" and become a model of emperors.
In the winter of the first year of Tang Ruyi (692), Yang Jiong became the county magistrate of Yingchuan (now Quzhou, Zhejiang). In 693, Yang Jiong died in office. When Yang Jiong went to Yingchuan to give an order, Zhang said that he would bid farewell. Due to the different understanding of "Farewell to Yang Yingchuan" by historians of past dynasties, there were two opinions after Yang Jiong wrote the imperial edict. One is the cruelty of Yang Jiong's administration. According to "Old Tang Book", "Jiong is an official, his administration is cruel, and the officials are unhappy, which needs to be criticized." He also lives in the mansion, and he entered the scholar's pavilion. They are all famous for their books, and people near and far laugh at them. "Another way of saying it is that Yang Jiong personally loves the people. In Yingchuan Village, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province (the original site of Yingchuan), there is a Yang Gong Temple near the village with a statue of Yang Jiong in it. The old couplet in Yang Gong Temple reads: "Wukesong outside Yingchuan in those days; Several generations felt virtuous and splashed water on the river. " It shows that the local people have always regarded Yang Jiong as a "virtuous order" for thousands of years. If Yang Jiong was cruel in power, he would not have such a reputation after his death.
In the aspect of literary achievement poetry, the style of court poetry represented by official style in the early Tang Dynasty reached its peak in the periods of Xianqing (656-66 1) and Longshuo (66 1-663) in Tang Gaozong. The official style pays too much attention to the duality of temperament, and talks about the so-called "six pairs" and "eight pairs" while ignoring the essence of poetry. Although Yang Jiong was born in poverty, he was brilliant and generous, and despised the powerful because of his lack of talent. Therefore, there is a clear line between him and the Palace Poetry School headed by Shangguan Yi. What he sings is his own suffering and heartfelt wishes, and he expresses his true feelings, which is quite different from his interest in singing about the weather in Datang. In sharp contrast, he broke through the official style and opened up a new style of poetry. The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty, including Yang Jiong, took it as their responsibility to get rid of the ups and downs of the poetic world, and took a critical attitude towards the official style, leading them from the narrow palace world to the broad market, from the narrow pavilions to the mountains and rivers frontier, which opened up the content of poetry, endowed it with new life, improved its ideological significance and showed a fresh and vigorous poetic style. For example, "Zizhou Farewell to Zhou Sigong" shows the author looking southwest at night after seeing his friends off, worrying about the dangers of the Shu Road and when he will meet again, with sincere feelings; For example, Joining the Army, written in a state of eagerness for success, is a masterpiece of Yang Jiong's poetry. This poem is vigorous in brushwork and bold and straightforward in feelings; Yang Jiong also has a group of Three Gorges poems, which are more realistic and natural, express their feelings through history and have profound implications. It is also an excellent work that breaks away from the shackles of palace poetry. In Yang Jiong's farewell poems, there is no elegant, leisurely and self-sufficient erotic court style, but he is always mixed with his gloomy and lonely figure and his energetic * * *. Most of them are simple and real, with quite real feelings, such as "watching Zhao Zong at night". The language of the whole poem is refined, concise and appropriate. Yang Jiong is one of the four outstanding poets who is good at five laws. His "Joining the Army" is a five-character poem, no matter from the aspects of levelness, duality and knot. Its existing 14 five-character poem completely conforms to the secret method, and it is an intentional pursuit, which dispels the wind of extravagance since Qi and Liang Dynasties and helps to finalize the five-character poem.
There are eight existing poems in Yang Jiong, among which "Old Man's Star", "Tingju's Fu" and "Menglan's Pen Fu" are all praises. Ode to the Old Star uses the old star (that is, Invivo) to praise the magnificent imperial grace and the prosperity of the world. At the beginning of this essay, I strongly praised the imperial power of "inheriting heaven by virtue". Finally, I use the old star as a metaphor to praise the kindness and virtue of the emperor and wish him a long life. Ode to Courtyard Chrysanthemum eulogizes China calligrapher Xue with a noble and fragrant autumn chrysanthemum. Yang Jiong's gratitude to Xue can be said to be the gratitude of his life, which is the source of his motivation and emotion in creating this poem. "Preface to Fu Qian" explains the writing background, indicating that Xue invited various scholars to introspect the East Hall of Zuo Chunfang, that is, Xue's official residence, and held a gathering for Fu. Yang Jiong took this opportunity to praise Qiu Ju's inner character, thus praising Xue's noble character. Although this poem is full of praise, its content is just like its person. Algae decoration is elegant and gorgeous, and it is a work of life, and it has not broken through the routine of officialdom entertainment. Ode to the Lanpen is an eulogy of Wu Zetian's virtue, just like Ode to the Old Man. In addition to three poems praising virtue, Yang Jiong also wrote several poems about borrowing things, which were probably written before he became an official. Due to the long-term "waiting for Hong Wen Pavilion", there is no way to enter the official position, and a kind of resentment and sadness after being left out in the cold will naturally sprout in his heart, so he uses things to express his feelings. Fu on the Moss, Fu on the Orchid and Fu on a Floating Life are the products of this background and mentality. The structure and content of these three poems are basically the same, and they all praise the things described to express their own feelings.
In terms of parallel prose, Yang Jiong has 46 kinds of parallel prose, which can be divided into three categories. The first category is written for the dead, including tombstones, epitaphs, behaviors and eulogies. The largest number of such articles is ***27, most of which are invited by people to do biographies for the deceased. Entrusted by others, I don't know much about the life story of the deceased, and most of them have processed the transcripts, so I don't have much real feelings at all. The second category is four inscriptions written for temples. This kind of writing is also invited to catch a knife, but because the inscription is engraved on the stone tablet of the temple for tourists and worshippers to enjoy and recite, it is a good opportunity for the author to show his talent and an important basis for people to evaluate his literary talent. Therefore, when Yang Jiong wrote these articles, his attitude was still very serious, and he tried his best to show his highest level by laying out details and quoting classics. But in the end, because the content of the inscription is similar and the form is basically unified, even if he tries to show his talents and skills, it is difficult to make a breakthrough. The third category is preface to table, argument and poem, 14, in which preface 1 1, table, argument and argument 1. This kind of writing has no fixed formula in form or content, and can be freely played according to the author's ideas and interests. Among them, the author's carefully conceived words, such as "Preface to Wang Bo's Collection" and "Discussion on Exemption from Coronation below Officials", have both form and spirit, which fully shows his superb literary talent and skill.
There are 30 volumes of Yang Jiong's main works, many of which died later. Only the Prose Poems compiled by Amin Huangfu 'e became the ten volumes of Yingchuan Collection, including 33 poems, 8 articles, 46 articles of all kinds and 87 articles of * *, ranking at the bottom of the "Four Masters".
People in the Tang Dynasty commented on Cui Rong: "Wang Bowen and Zhang Hongyi have a little dust, which is very popular. Jiong and Zhao neighbors can do it, and Yingchuan's words are also trustworthy. "
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said, "Our literary thoughts are like a stream that is inexhaustible. Better than Lu, not less than Wang. The' shame queen' believes that' shame before Lu' is also modest. " .
In the Tang Dynasty, Wen Zhi of Song Dynasty said: "Confucius, Confucius, can swim.". Weibo's knowledge is refined and Huang Zhong's understanding is reasonable. It's a word, not a thing, but a history of Confucian classics. Jade and gold are muddy, and the wind shakes. The goodness of smelling people lies in philosophers. Thanks to others, I promised to die. However, my son is strong and firm, and his spirit is refreshing. If you don't agree, you will never forget it. "
Pei Xingjian in Tang dynasty: a little quiet, suitable for a long time.
Zhang Xunye, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The gift of Jiong is clear. If you are good at solving cattle, you will get to the point, while the test fern in Huntian is more profound. It is still a choice to push it to the Li family today. " The five-character law works achieve the purpose of refinement, and are on a par with Shen and Song. Kaiyuan people, forget its slim beauty and cover it. Poor work is second. Five-character ancient poetry, Tang people married separately, it is possible to prepare for the generation system; However, with the mirror of Han and Wei, everyone died. "
Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty: "Yingchuan is close to the body. Although God lost his monarch, he purged Hunxiong. Investigating its genre is the real beginning. However, Long song is absolutely loud. "
Xu: Yang Sheng was a brilliant young man, with the word Hua Xiulang, who was admired by the season. He and Zi 'an's followers are called Jiezi, and his wisdom includes three manifestations and four spirits. Isn't it beautiful? There are thirty volumes of his poems, and there are two volumes today. Five-word method is better than his works.
Hu Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty: People in Yingchuan regard Wang as refined, delicate and elegant.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xu: The four sons were talented, and the atmosphere was restored. Therefore, although the law has not been completed, it has not changed. There are many majestic words, and the weather in the Tang Dynasty has already begun. ..... But as far as analysis is concerned, there are still many Wang Helu and Luo Qi. Although Yang's articles are few, there are few beauties, and his short stories are all laws.
In Ming Dynasty, Ding Yi: (Jiong)' s poems are bold and unrestrained, both literary and artistic. Although it does not capture the elegance of Lu and the implication of Luo, it is better than Zi An. "Lu Qian" and "Queen" should not be bent.
Song dynasty in Qing dynasty was in people: the ancient chapters were incomplete and had never been seen before. There is only one poem, Xiling, which is vigorous and powerful, with great responsibility, and can be called a model. Yinkeng is the source of poetic harmony. Unprecedented talent, claiming to be "the queen of shame." The first algae floats on the quality, sometimes falling.
Anecdotal allusion Tang Wude, the name of Yingchuan in the fourth year (62 1), was born in Baishi County, Zhang Dai Baishi and Xingxi (now Yunxi, Quxian). Due to the narrow mountain road, Ruyi moved to Yingchuan in the first year, and the county magistrate is still called "White Stone". Soon, Yang Jiong arrived. Seeing that the land is vast and sparsely populated, and the people are miserable, he vowed to change the face of poverty. In order to express this wish, he took Xing Xing as Ying Chuan, and regarded it as Chuan at the junction of Yunxi and Qujiang, with the intention of making the place where this small stream passed rich and the people rich, that is, changing the name of Baishi County to Ying Chuan and reporting it to the court for approval. After Yang Jiong took office, he loved the people as a son and did his duty. Every year on the first day of the sixth lunar month, we must visit 28 villages (administrative villages) and 68 villages (natural villages) nearby. Wherever Yang Jiong went, the pests of crops would be eaten by Bai Niao, and the crops would be bumper and the livestock would flourish, which won the hearts of the people. After his death, people called him "Yang Yingchuan".
Yang Jiong is arrogant. He is arrogant and disdainful. He doesn't like the arrogance and affectation of some officials. Therefore, he laughed at some hypocritical officials as "Kirin is the last" and "every time I see an official, I always see Kirin as the last". People asked him why he ended up like a unicorn. He replied, just like the unicorn in the play, where is the unicorn? It's just a donkey. It looks like a unicorn with its head carved and its fur trimmed. It is still a donkey without a vest. I don't think this is enough, so I added, what's the difference between those guys who have no virtue and no knowledge, wearing scarlet robes and donkeys with unicorn skins? His words were remembered by those in power.
In the early Tang Dynasty, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, who were famous for their articles, were called "four great masters in the early Tang Dynasty" and "Wang Yang". According to Old Tang Book, Yang Jiong, who ranked second, said unconvinced: "Shame on Lu Qian, shame on the queen." That is to say, in front of Lu, I feel ashamed; But I don't believe that Wang Bo has walked ahead of me.
There is no exact textual research on the year of Yang Jiong's death. Wen Yiduo's "Tang Poetry Series" stipulates that his death date is 695 years, and some anthologies of Tang poetry are set at 692 years, but they are not clear. Fu Xuancong's Congkao Yang Jiong Kao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, holds that "Yang Jiong died in 693 AD or a few years after 693 AD, and the exact death year was 44 years old or a little older" (according to the press, Yang Jiong was born in 650). There are two main reasons for this: First, both the old and new biographies of Yang Jiong in the Tang Dynasty said that Yang Jiong died in Yingchuan Order, and Yang Jiong was "probably" elected as the county magistrate because of the new establishment of Yingchuan County in July of the first year of Tang Ruyi (692). Second, Yang Jiong's last poem, written in February of the second year of longevity (693), can be tested for years. It is known that "Yang Jiong was still alive in February, 693, but it is unknown afterwards, or he died in the following years". According to Zhao Mingcheng's "Stone Tablet of Zhou Taishou", it was written by Yang Jiong in April of Chang 'an in the third year (703), indicating that Yang Jiong was still there in April of 703 and acceded to the throne in the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705). It is known that Yang Jiong died a few months before he ascended the throne in the first month of 705, so he was posthumously awarded as a writer.
The ancestors of family members: General Zhou, Sui Qing, Changzhou Secretariat, Shun, Tang Zuoguang Lu, and the founding duke of Changshan.
Uncle: Yang Qianwei, Tang Gaozu's right-back general;
Uncle: Yang, general in the early Tang Dynasty, Wu 'an Gong;
Uncle: Yang Degan, a former secretariat of Ze, Qi, Bian and Xiang.
Uncle: Yang Deyi, Tang Zhongcheng.
(The names and history of Yang Jiong's grandfather and father are not recorded)
According to "Longyou County Records", there is a Yang Gong Temple in Yingchuan Village, the original site of Yingchuan in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, which contains a statue of Yang Jiong and has been burning incense for thousands of years. Legend has it that the temple has been relocated several times, with three addresses: the first one is located in the west of Yingchuan Village, next to Xueyuan Temple, which was built in the Song Dynasty and destroyed in the early Yuan Dynasty. The second place is located in the east of Yingchuan village, next to Qujiang, and it is included in Longyou, which was demolished at 1940. The third place is the existing temple./kloc-0 collapsed in June, 1986, leaving only some buildings.
Sacrificial activities.
According to legend, Ren Yingchuan of Yang Jiong made the queen love the people like a son and fulfill her duties. Every year on the first day of the sixth lunar month, you must go to the nearby 28 villages (equivalent to administrative villages) and 68 villages (equivalent to natural villages). Wherever Yang Jiong went, the pests of crops would be eaten by Bai Niao, and the crops would be bumper and the livestock would flourish, which won the hearts of the people. In 695, a rare drought occurred in the Tang Dynasty. The fields cracked and crops withered, and the people prayed to God and worshipped Buddha. The drought is still unresolved, and Yang Jiong is in a hurry. On the ninth day of the seventh lunar month, Yang Jiong sighed, "It's a waste not to save the people of Yingchuan from fire and water!" So, in order to beg for rain, he jumped into Yingchuan Lake and died. In an instant, thunder and lightning, heavy rain, drought relief. The local people felt their kindness and built a shrine statue for them, honoring them as city gods and offering them for many years. Since then, the local people have been fighting for food and clothing and peace in the four seasons. Every year, on the first day of the sixth lunar month, the people will hold a sacrificial ceremony of "Yang Jiong's patrol", which has been passed down from generation to generation. Different from the grand ceremony in the past, the people attending the ceremony basically included those who originally belonged to 28 Du 68 Zhuang. Before the ceremony, they all change into clean and tidy clothes after bathing, and then wait for the sacrificial activities.