First, data collection-thick background
1. Author background
"Environment is born of the mind", so is writing. Different authors' mentality and personality will produce different works. Guiding students to understand the author's background is helpful to understand the joys and sorrows behind poetry.
2. The background of the times
Different times have created different authors, thus presenting rich and colorful literary works. The ancient poems included in primary school Chinese textbooks are mainly in Tang and Song Dynasties, taking into account the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In these two thousand years, China society has been developing continuously. Security, unrest? The turbulent social background created the evolution and prosperity of ancient poetry.
3. Humanistic background
There are many introductions about folk customs and culture in ancient poems, which requires teachers to guide students to collect humanistic materials.
Second, the guidance of learning the law-focusing on strategy
The ancient poems selected into primary school Chinese textbooks can be said to be as jade as a sentence. Therefore, in the teaching of ancient poetry, students should be guided to carefully ponder the language and experience the feelings. Teachers can use a variety of strategies to guide students' learning methods and gradually improve students' ability.
1. Read through.
The ancients said, "Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident." In the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should first guide students to read poems well and smoothly. Reading aloud in various ways is an important guarantee to break through the "point" of poetry, which can make students concentrate and improve their mood. First, you can read with examples and bring students into the artistic conception through the vivid reading by the teacher; Second, students can read in cooperation and check the correctness of pronunciation and rhythm; Third, you can read aloud separately, so that students can learn, check and clarify their pronunciation while listening. Flexible and diverse reading methods can enable students to fully understand the content of poetry in a limited time, which is an important guarantee to realize "intensive reading of short essays".
2. Taste the meaning
On the basis of reading well and reading smoothly, we can learn the content of poetry. Every poem has a "literary eye", commonly known as a keyword, which is the "point" of the whole poem. If we understand the meaning of these words, we can understand the connotation of poetry from "point" to "face" Therefore, it is very important to taste keywords.
Expand your imagination.
On the basis of a preliminary understanding of the meaning of words, we need to further understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry. This will make the text thicker and fuller. Teachers can combine the information collected before class to guide students to expand their imagination in many ways.
One is to imagine the inner activities of the characters. In the teaching of narrative poetry, guiding students to imagine the inner activities of characters can make students grasp the feelings of characters more deeply.
For example, in the poem "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou", teachers can guide students to imagine with the poet Li Bai's character: what would Li Bai think when facing a drifting boat? Students can talk about their own understanding from different angles such as memory, hope and melancholy, so that the farewell affection expressed in the poem can be understood without the teacher's emphasis.
The second is to imagine the development of the story. This imagination helps students to combine reading and writing with real life and expand their writing. For example, in the poem "To Wang Lun", after students taste the meaning of the word, they can imagine it in combination with the actual life: "What song will Wang Lun sing when he is gone?" "What will Li Bai say when he hears this song? What would you do? " After unfolding the story from many angles, students can expand their 28-character poems into hundreds of words of modern literature, and their writing level has also been exercised and improved.
The third is to imagine a specific environment. While imagining the inner activities and stories of the characters, we can also imagine the specific environmental background. For example, in the poem "The banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army", the teacher can ask the following questions after supplementing the background information: "What kind of environment did people live in during the Anshi Rebellion?" "Everything was destroyed by the war. What is it like? " "After the war subsided, people's lives gradually improved. What kind of scene will it present? " Usually, it is not difficult to understand the poet's ecstasy by imagining the historical environment at that time.
Reason and knowledge
By tasting the meaning and imagination from multiple angles, most students can understand the philosophy and feelings contained in poetry. This is the fundamental purpose and the highest realm of ancient poetry teaching. In order to achieve this teaching effect, teachers can use some auxiliary means.
One is to use video materials to assist teaching. When teaching the poem "Two Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army", if Du Fu's tears are shown to students on the basis of students' imagination and supplementary materials, it will touch students' hearts more directly.
The second is to use audio materials to assist teaching. The use of melodious music such as guqin, pipa and guzheng can create an antique atmosphere, and the beautiful melody helps students appreciate and understand poetry.
The third is to use board painting to assist teaching. For example, when teaching the poem "Send Yuan to Xi on the Twenty Shores", if the teacher draws the scenery depicted in the poems such as green willows and spring rain on the blackboard, it will not only attract the students' attention, but also impress the beauty of the situation contained in the poem on the students' minds.
In short, teachers should reasonably guide students to expand their imagination on the basis of reading poems thoroughly and combining the background information collected before class, and at the same time, assist students to appreciate poems through various teaching methods, so that the classroom of ancient poetry teaching becomes rich and heavy.