Author: Wang Wei
Rain is stored in the forest, and smoke comes slowly. Steamed quinoa is used to cook millet.
An egret flies over the quiet swamp, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer.
I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine branches.
The wild old man (3) competes with others for seats (4), while the seagull (5) is suspicious of everything.
1. A poem named Autumn Returning to Wangchuan Village.
2. To the East Cat: Send meals to people who work in the fields in the east. This refers to the fields that have been cultivated for one year. Hibiscus: Hibiscus, a deciduous shrub, blooms in summer and falls at dusk, so it is also called Hibiscus.
3. wild old: claiming to be.
4. Competing for seats: just getting along with people casually, without barriers. "Zhuangzi Miscellaneous Fables" contains: When Yang Ziju (Yang Zhu) first arrived at the hotel, his face showed pride, and the owner of the hotel was very respectful to him, and other guests also offered his seat. Later, Lao Tzu taught him to get rid of his reserve, and then he became very easy-going when he went to the hotel. People no longer gave him his seat, but sat with him to occupy his seat and get along very casually.
5. Seagull: Liezi Huangdi contains: There are good seagulls on the sea, playing with seagulls every day, and hundreds of seagulls gather around him. One day, his father told him to catch seagulls. The next day he came to the seaside, and seagulls couldn't hover because he had a robotic heart. Here, seagulls are compared to simple and inorganic farmers.
This poem is about rural life. The first four sentences are about scenery, exquisite and vivid. Because of the long-term accumulation of rain, there is no wind and humidity, so the smoke rises slowly. The rice fields are vast, the egrets dance, the summer trees are shaded and the orioles sway. It is colorful, dynamic and static, visual and auditory, and has a small face, which sets each other off. According to Tang's Supplement to National History, there are three or four sentences based on Li Jiayou's "Egrets fly to paddy fields and orioles fly to Xia Shu". But the poet Hu Yinglin thought that Wang was earlier than Li, so Li attacked Wang. It is difficult to judge who attacked the person who wrote this poem at about the same time. But adding the words "desert" and "cloudy" in front of it is really wonderful and vivid. Scholars in the Tang Dynasty nonsense: "The scene after the rain, with overlapping words, can only be made into a round sentence." ("Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty, Jewellery").
The last four sentences are about the taste of life. "Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty" said: "All Uighur brothers respect Buddha, live on vegetables and eat instead of meat and blood." Long-term fasting in old age, no clothes and no coloring. "Five or six sentences is this portrayal. When writing seven or eight sentences, the scribes and Fu Tian get along, always between doubt and no doubt. Obviously, people are refined and vulgar, and their interests compete with each other, but they are not intimate.
Attachment: exercise questions
1, which words in the poem are the most neat (dual)?
Answer: middle, bottom, view, fold, morning glory and dew sunflower.
2. Shen Deqian, a native of A Qing Dynasty, said: The beauty of this sentence lies in the words "desert" and "Yin Yin", without which the word is dead. How to understand the meaning of "wonderful" and "dead sentence" he said?
A: "Mo Mo" and "Yin Yin" describe the situation of "rice fields" and "Natsume". "Desert" describes the rice fields as thin and foggy, and the scenery of "Egrets Flying" is beautiful in such an atmosphere; Yin Yin describes the dense forests in summer. In this dense forest, the color of orioles is pleasing to the eye and the sound is beautiful.
Because the rain has accumulated for a long time and the forest is windless and humid, the smoke from cooking seems to rise slowly. Boiled coarse tea and white rice are given to people who work in the east of the village. A row of egrets swept through the vast and flat paddy fields; In the quiet and cool Woods in summer, there is an oriole crying. I cultivate my morality in the mountains and watch the flowers die in the evening; Eat vegetarian food in Panasonic, and don't touch sunflower meat with dew. I get along with the people in the village very casually, without barriers; Why should simple farmers doubt?
In the distance, smoke billowed from the farmhouse. It must be that peasant woman who has prepared food for Fu Tian who is farming in the field. A few egrets can be seen vaguely in the sky, stopping and flying, playing happily on the vast plains. Next to the lush forest, there are crisp birds singing in the forest from time to time. That's the song of oriole, euphemistic and melodious. The incessant rain, still on the cage, is connected with the graceful heron shadow and wonderful music, becoming an elegant ink landscape painting. Taking back my wandering eyes, I still look at the hibiscus tree in the morning quietly as in the past, sighing that time flies and years are hard-won; As soon as I got on the pine tree, I picked fresh dew sunflower and became a vegetarian. The word "fame" once carried too many ups and downs, but also indifferent to the spirit of youth. Ironically, people in the world are either mediocre, rich and powerful, or show their power on high places, and they will only return to dust, and their flesh and blood will rot away in the replacement of the sun and the moon, leaving only a pair of bones. Why pursue fame and fortune? All this is just a mirage, an illusion and a dream. It is better to sit alone in this mountain forest, put aside all the troubles in the world and feel at ease. If you live in seclusion in this mountain forest and stay away from the hubbub, you can avoid the suspicion of intrigue and gain some rare wild interests. More importantly, you can wash away the dirt of your heart and get rid of worldly vulgarity in this rain. Why not? This kind of life is not fast!
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Wangchuanzhuang, located in the middle of Zhong Nanshan Mountain in Lantian, Shaanxi, is Wang Wei's seclusion place. Old Tang books. "Biography of Wang Wei" records: "All Uighur brothers worship Buddha and live on vegetables instead of meat and blood. Grow up fast in old age, don't wear clothes, don't wear color. " In these seven laws, the poet described his quiet and elegant Zen life with the quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery of Wangchuan, and created a kind of artistic conception of harmony between things and me.
"Rain is stored in the forest, and cigarettes are slowly coming, steamed quinoa, steamed millet and boiled millet." The first couplet describing Tian's life is what the poet saw on the mountain: it was the rainy season, the sky was wet and the air was moist, the smoke rose slowly over the quiet jungle, and the farmers at the foot of the mountain were cooking. Women steamed quinoa to cook millet, prepared food, and then took it to Dongmao-Dong Tian Head, where men went to work early in the morning. As far as the poet can see, he first wrote the fireworks in the empty forest. The word "night" not only vividly described the smoke in the kitchen on rainy days, but also revealed the poet's leisurely mood. Then, we write about cooking in the morning, paying farm money and even having a picnic in the field, showing a series of pictures of people's activities, which are orderly and full of life breath, making people want to see the happy mood of farmer Fu Tian.
The natural scenery written by Zhuan Xu is also the result of the poet's meditation: "An egret flies over the quiet wetland, and mango birds sing in the trees in midsummer." You see, in the vast and empty flat land full of stagnant water, egrets take off, and their posture is so quiet and chic; Listen, far and near, in the beautiful forest, orioles are singing to each other, and their voices are so sweet and happy. In the summer of Wangchuan, birds are flying, and the poet only chooses orioles and egrets with different shapes and habits to describe them in connection with their respective backgrounds: snow-white egrets and golden orioles have different colors in vision; Egrets fly, orioles sing, one takes dynamics, the other takes sound; Desert, describing the wide distribution of paddy fields and broad vision; The sky is cloudy, the summer trees are dense and the realm is deep. These two scenes set off each other and cooperate with each other, making the rainy weather in Wangchuan, Shan Ye picturesque. The so-called "painting in poetry" is a good example.
Li Zhao, a native of the Tang Dynasty, sneered at Wang Wei's Easy-to-Get Articles and Good Sentences (on the volume of the National History Supplement) because he saw that Li concentrated on writing the poem "Egrets flying in paddy fields and orioles singing in summer". Hu Yinglin, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, advised him: "When the Tang Dynasty flourished, it was not as good as the middle Tang Dynasty, so that predecessors could steal it in advance." ? This is a beautiful poem. "("Poetry "). According to the fifth volume of Internal Compilation, it is hard to say who copied the poems of the same period and later. But from an artistic point of view, their poems are still competitive. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "These two sentences with the words' desert' and' Yin Yin' are a faint charm to show their own beauty. For example, Li Guangbi gave orders to the Guo Ziyi army, which was wonderful several times. " "Mo Mo" has a broad meaning, while "Yin Yin" has a profound meaning. "Mo Mo Paddy Field", "Yin Ying Xia Mu" and "Paddy Field" and "Xia Mu" are in the same breath, and the picture is open and profound, full of sense of realm, rendering a vague and confused tone and atmosphere of rainy weather.
If the carefree working life of farmers written in the first couplet aroused the poet's strong interest and admiration, then the poet would be more intoxicated with the free flight of orioles and egrets. Moreover, in these two couplets, the activities of characters and natural scenery are not simple imitations of objective things, but have been induced and filtered by the poet's mind, with distinct subjective colors and reflecting the poet's personality. For Wang Wei, "Time goes by, but it gives me peace and relief from all kinds of affairs", being in this idyllic Wangchuan Villa is really a happy place, which can't help but make him feel endless fun. The following two couplets express the poet's joy of seclusion in the mountains.
"I learned to watch the morning glory in the mountains calmly and eat sunflower seeds with dew under the pine branches." The poet lived alone in an empty mountain, lived in seclusion under a pine forest, and realized that life was short by participating in hibiscus, and picked sunflower for fasting. This feeling, in the eyes of ordinary people, is too lonely? However, poets who have long been tired of the hustle and bustle of the world have taken great interest in it. Compared with vanity fair, which has always been disturbing and derailed, what a world this is!
Why should I scare seagulls, even if I think about it, by giving the honorary position to any clown? ? Wilder always calls himself a poet. The poet declared happily: I have been delirious for a long time, and I have never thought of vulgarity. I have no problem with others and there is nothing to argue about. Who else will doubt me for no reason? Ordinary people can almost avoid worldly troubles and indulge in the joy of the mountains. Zhuangzi. Essay fable: Yang Zhu went to learn Taoism from Laozi. On the way, the innkeeper welcomed him and the guests offered him their seats. After coming back from school, tourists no longer give up their seats, but "compete for seats" with him, which shows that Yang Zhu has gained the way of nature and is no longer separated from others. Liezi "Yellow Emperor" contains: There are people near gulls at sea, and they don't suspect each other. One day, his father asked him to take the seagulls home. When he went to the seaside again, the seagulls flew far away, and his intimate relationship with them was destroyed by his ulterior motives. These two allusions, which are full of colors of Laozi and Zhuangzi, combine into one, expressing the poet's mood, which is the result of writing Zhai Qing and Xi Jing on the first part of the League.
This seven laws, vivid in image and profound in meaning, shows the poet's leisure in seclusion in the mountains and away from the secular world, and is the representative work of Wang Wei's pastoral poems. Once upon a time, some people regarded it as the culmination of the seven laws of the whole Tang Dynasty, saying that it was the acme of "empty the past and accurate the present", which was of course caused by the eccentricity of feudal literati. However, some people think that "elegant and quiet, not better than Yu Cheng's Accumulated Rain". Appreciating the profound artistic conception and superb style of this poem, the artistic opinions are still good. (See Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng's Collection, Volume 10)