Middle School Chinese Teaching Resource Network → Teaching Summary → Appreciation of Poetry Images —— Question and Answer Steps of People and Scenery 201-10-27 → Mobile Edition
First of all, appreciate the characters.
There are two main types of characters in poetry: the image of the lyric hero himself, such as the image of the poet in Du Fu's Climbing the Heights; The characters depicted in the works, such as Liu Lanzhi in Peacock Flying Southeast.
How to ask questions: 1. What kind of lyric hero image is created in the poem?
2. What are the characteristics of an image portrayed in the poem?
3. Please analyze an image briefly.
Answer steps: 1. Summarize the character characteristics: the format of organizational language is generally "ideological character characteristics+character identity" (what is it);
2. Explain and summarize (why) related sentences in combination with poems, and avoid substituting translation for analysis.
3. Summarize the meaning of the image. It is to analyze the thoughts, feelings or philosophies contained in the poet's images. You can summarize it in one sentence or answer it in steps.
Children fishing
A child with unkempt hair and immature face is learning to fish by the river. He is sitting sideways in the grass, and his shadow is set off by weeds. Hearing the voice of passers-by, the child waved, afraid to disturb the fish and dare not respond to passers-by.
What kind of children are depicted in the poem?
Appreciation of the whole poem depicts the image of the fisherman's children as naive, naughty, innocent and cute, alert and clever from two aspects of form and spirit, which is vivid, touching and impressive. The first two sentences describe and describe, from the appearance of the pen, unkempt hair to its appearance, highlighting the childishness and playfulness of the child, innocent and lovely. The last two poems focus on expression. Psychologically speaking, children sit on their side when fishing, and their bodies are covered with grass. Passers-by asked, the child was afraid of the fish to answer, and waved his hand from a distance without answering. It shows that he has calculation, strategy, alertness and wisdom.
Solution: character appreciation. The selected poems are mostly lyric poems, and the characters in the poems are mostly lyric heroes.
To solve this kind of problem, we should pay attention to the following problems:
1. Grasp the key points and format of the answer. The format of organizational language is generally "personality characteristics+personality identity".
2. To know people and discuss the world, it is necessary to understand the era in which the author lived and the background of his works, so as to infer the thoughts and feelings expressed in his works. Generally speaking, the poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty mostly express the lofty sentiments of making contributions, the poems in the late Tang Dynasty mostly express sympathy for peasants and criticize the dark reality, and the poems in the Southern Song Dynasty mostly express anxiety and resentment against the court's partiality.
3. When reviewing at ordinary times, we should remember some common types of characters, such as Du Fu's image of caring about the world, the country and the people (going up the mountain), Tao Yuanming's image of caring about mountains and rivers and retiring to the countryside (retiring to the garden), and Su Shi's image of "Nian Nujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia", which does not admire the powerful and unconstrained. Friends (lovers) miss the image of their hometown respectively; Unfortunate talents miss the image of a historian; Love mountains and rivers, retreat to the pastoral image; The image of dedicating to frontier fortress or opposing conquest; Do not respect the image of being strong, arrogant and unruly; Care about the image of the world, the country and the people; Determined to serve the country, generous and cynical image; The image of attacking the darkness and sympathizing with the people …
Read the following poem and answer the following questions.
Jiang Xue Liu Zongyuan
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
(1) The first two sentences of this poem describe how to have an environment. (2) Please briefly analyze the image of "Li Weng"
Reference answer: (1) Cold silence. (2) It is a lofty and aloof image. In such a cold and silent environment, fishermen are not afraid of Leng Xue, forget everything and concentrate on fishing. Although his body is lonely, his personality seems a bit awesome. This illuminated and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of the poet's lofty thoughts and feelings.
Second, the appreciation of landscape images:
Scenery image refers to the natural scenery and human scenery depicted in poetry.
How to ask questions: 1. What scenes did the poet describe in what order?
2. Try to analyze what kind of picture is displayed in the poem.
3. What kind of artistic conception does the scenery in the poem create?
4. Simply appreciate the scenery description in the poem. On the relationship between scenery and emotion in poetry.
Answer steps: 1, simply translate related landscape sentences; 2. The order of scenery writing (from far and near, from top to bottom, from whole to part); 3. The angle of scenery writing (vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch); 4. Expression technique and effect (from rhetoric and writing analysis); 5, the color of the scene: cool tones-fresh, sad, bleak, bleak, (declining, barren) cold, cold, dark, bleak; Warm colors-bright, rich, beautiful and gorgeous; 6. The movement of scenery: vibrant, vibrant and bustling; Quiet, quiet, quiet (pastoral) quiet, quiet (water); 7. The artistic conception characteristics of the landscape are summarized as follows: lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, magnificent, desolate and bleak, broad and far-reaching, full of vitality, magnificent, beautiful and bleak, fresh and beautiful; 8. The relationship between scenery and emotion: borrowing scenery to express emotion, blending scenes and expressing ambition (implicitly); 9. What kind of feelings did you express? Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings, avoid emptiness and give specific answers. It is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sadness". What kind of "sadness" does it respond to, such as the sadness of not meeting talents?
In the actual answering process, the above steps should be effectively selected according to the specific requirements of the topic, which is determined by the strength of the ability to examine the topic. As the old saying goes, too much is too late, and the answer does not correspond to the requirements of the topic, which will reduce the efficiency of answering questions.
Xilou Ceng Gong
The waves turned over the clouds and returned, and the north wind blew several thunder. Zhu Lou is surrounded by hooks and thin foil, lying and watching the shower in Qian Shan.
Hook and foil: hanging curtains.
Q: What does this poem describe? What emotion does this poem express? Please analyze it briefly. (6 points)
A: The waves in the sky are accompanied by thunder. In the roar of the north wind, the waves beat against the bank and roared away. A storm is coming. According to common sense, you should close the door and escape, but the poet hung the curtain high and opened the window to enjoy the spectacle of "the shower in Qian Shan". This poem describes the magnificent scene before the storm at the seaside and exaggerates the majestic momentum of "rain is coming" Expressed the poet's broad mind and inner pride.
Please simply appreciate Du Fu's couplet "One Night Out". The stars are leaning down from the clearing and the bright moon is flowing down the river.
A: This couplet depicts the vast Ye Ping, the mighty river, the splendid stars and the moon, and the magnificent prospect.
Common problems and problem-solving modes in appreciation of ancient poems (reposted)
Appreciation of ancient poetry is the most literary and the most difficult one in the Chinese examination questions of college entrance examination, but it is open to some extent. Candidates are encouraged to answer creatively, and those who can justify themselves can get extra points. However, according to the requirements of the test questions, what to ask, what to answer accordingly, and answer the questions in a standardized way, so as not to lose points easily. Only by understanding the common types of questions in the appreciation of ancient poems and mastering their problem-solving ideas can we cultivate the standardization of answering questions and improve the accuracy of answering questions. Based on the college entrance examination questions and simulation questions in recent years, this paper sorts out and summarizes the types of ancient poetry appreciation questions, and gives some operable technical guidance in order to help students improve their ability to answer ancient poetry appreciation questions.
First, analyze the types of "poetic eyes"
1 What is the most vivid sentence in questioning method's couplets? Why?
Variant of questioning: a certain sentence (word) in the poem has always been praised by people. Do you think it's well written? Why? (2) Find the word that best reflects the poet's feelings from those two sentences. (3) Some versions of a word in a sentence in this poem are used as a word. Which do you think is better? Why? (4) What is the function of a word in expression?
The answer suggests that the ancients wrote poems and lyrics, paying attention to refining words, and often one word (word) constitutes the clue and emotional tone of the whole poem. Any word that is refined well at key points and can make the whole sentence fly like a phoenix in Youlong and make people sit up and take notice becomes the so-called "poetic eye" and "word eye". "Eye of Poetry" and "Eye of Words" generally refer to the most refined and vivid words, words (even sentences) in a poem or sentence. "Poetry eye" and "word eye" are mostly verbs and adjectives. "Eye of Poetry" and "Eye of Speech" are usually the gist of the whole article. This type of question is to taste the beauty of these refined words. When answering questions, you can't talk about this word in isolation. You must put words (words) into sentences and analyze them with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
4 Answer: (1) Explain the meaning of the word (word) in the sentence (literal meaning and substantive meaning) or affirm which word (word) is better or its role in highlighting the main idea. (2) Expand association and imagination, and use this word you think is "good" to describe the situation in the sentence. (3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word (word) sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses, which can be considered from the role the word (word) plays in the structure of the poem.
Example: (2008 National College Entrance Examination Volume 1) Read the following song poem, then answer this question.
Four sets of songs on the river (3)
Pandalin
The western hills are connected with tigers, and the Red Cliff hides the Dragon Palace. The shape wins three countries, and the waves flow all over the world. Shaming fists leave herons, and the sea is wide and the sky is flying. I admire the fisherman most, returning to the boat in the rain.
There is a vivid word in each of the three sentences. Please find out and talk about the benefits of this kind of writing.
A: "fist" and "retreat". The word "fist" vividly shows the posture of heron perching on the beach. The word "retreat" is used to vividly express the state of birds in the sky. This kind of writing constitutes a picture of the combination of static and dynamic that the author saw by the river.
Second, the analysis of sentence meaning types.
Poetry 1 What's good about asking questions?
Question variant: (1) What do the last two sentences mean? What thoughts and feelings did the author express? (2) Talk about your understanding or appreciation of the fourth sentence or the fourth sentence in combination with the whole poem. (3) What is the significance and function of this poem? What are the characteristics of expression?
3 answering skills to explain the meaning of a poem, we should pay attention to two levels of meaning: expressive meaning and intralingual meaning. Combine the whole poem to point out its function, or express what feelings and thoughts. A poem may be about scenery, lyricism and individuals. The methods of writing people include action description, language description, psychological description, appearance description and detail description. To explain the meaning of a poem, we must combine the upper and lower sentences with the whole poem.
4 Answer mode (1) clarifies the meaning of language, and sometimes it is necessary to dig its deep meaning: (2) Analyze the expressive function of poetry in description or lyricism or what feelings and themes are expressed. (3) Briefly describe the artistic effect.
5 answer example (2008 college entrance examination Beijing volume) read the following poem and complete 1 ~ 3 questions.
Chu Shi, the king of rewards, saw his work on the 9th.
Gu Yanwu
It was the day when we were scared to death, and we looked at each other. If you leave your arms and get rid of the turbid wine, you will be afraid to see the yellow flowers on earth, the mountains and rivers will miss your temples, and you will be homeless for thousands of miles.
Note: Gu was a famous scholar and poet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, he joined the struggle against eunuchs and powerful people. Qing soldiers went south to participate in the people's anti-Qing uprising. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he refused to be recruited by the Qing court many times and went into exile in the north to inspect the situation of mountains and rivers and restore his ambition.
1 The following understanding of this poem is incorrect ()
A is the day to scare the old autumn: it is the relentless sun and moon to send autumn, which makes people aging and shocking.
B looked at each other, and we were far apart, facing each other from a distance.
C selling muddy wine from the bosom: the feeling of parting can only be sent away by borrowing wine.
D expel guests and become homeless: people who perished in this country became homeless.
What do the words "liver and gall" and "reading" in "Heaven and earth store liver and gall, mountains and rivers read temple flowers" mean here? How do these two poems express the author's thoughts and feelings?
Answer: 1a. (2) Courage refers to one's patriotism or loyalty to one's old country. Reading the Witness expresses the author's determination to persevere and persevere to the end, even though he is old and knows that there is no hope to restore the country.
Third, the analysis of theme types
1 Question: What is the theme of this poem?
2 Question Variant: (1) As for the content of this poem (word), some people think it is this way, some people think it is that way, and some people think it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons. (2) This poem (word) clearly describes the real scene in front of us and secretly contains the vicissitudes of history. Appreciate the relevant sentences in the poem (word) in combination with the whole poem (word). (3) Please use a poem to analyze the author's mood at that time.
3 When answering the prompt, you often need to pay attention to the following aspects: (1) cultural common sense, life common sense, historical allusions, myths and legends, natural phenomena involved; (2) the general idea or connotation of a poem; (3) The poet's ideological inclination, political opinions, ambition pursuit and life experience; (4) the background of the times and social reality.
Answer mode (1) analyzes what poems are written, what emotions are expressed and what is hidden.
Read the following Tang poem, then answer this question.
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
li po
Phoenix once played here, so that this place is named after them. When the wind goes to Taiwan Province, the river flows by itself. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine. Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet. There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
(1) Summarize the contents of the couplets and necklaces of this poem respectively, and talk about what emotions the poet embodies in them.
A: (1) The couplet is about the historical relics of the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and the neck couplet is about the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling, conveying the feelings about the vicissitudes of life, the eternity of nature and the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties.
Fourthly, the analysis of language style.
1 What are the language features of this poem?
2 variants of questioning: (1) Talk about the language features of this poem. (2) Analyze the language style (or language art) of this poem.
Answer prompt: Language style is to evaluate the language style or artistic style of poetry. This kind of question type does not need to ponder the clever use of individual words, but to taste the language style of the whole poem. Before answering the question, you should know the relevant terms of language style, such as: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous and graceful, clear and fluent, multi-spoken, euphemistic and implicit, bold and unrestrained, graceful and graceful in writing, concise and expressive, concise and gloomy, elegant and subtle in dictionary, expressive in one word, steady in opposite directions, harmonious in language and elegant ... You can act together with the poetry camera when answering the question.
Sometimes, style can be defined according to the type of poetry. For example, landscape poems are mostly fresh and beautiful in language style, while pastoral poems are mostly desolate and simple, frontier poems are generally sad and generous in language, epic poems are mostly magnificent, allegorical poems are melancholy and angry, court poems are touching and euphemistic in nine cases out of ten, and so on.
4 Answer mode (1) accurately points out the language features in one or two words or one or two sentences; (2) Analyze this feature in detail by combining the related sentences in the poem; (3) Explain how the words in the poem express the poet's feelings.
Examples of answers: (2008 College Entrance Examination Beijing Volume) Read and complete the following poem, 1 ~ 3 questions.
Chu Shi, the king of rewards, saw his work on the 9th.
Gu Yanwu
It was the day when we were scared to death, and we looked at each other. If you leave your arms and get rid of the turbid wine, you will be afraid to see the yellow flowers on earth, the mountains and rivers will miss your temples, and you will be homeless for thousands of miles.
Note: Gu was a famous scholar and poet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, he joined the struggle against eunuchs and powerful people. Qing soldiers went south to participate in the people's anti-Qing uprising. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he refused to be recruited by the Qing court many times and went into exile in the north to inspect the situation of mountains and rivers and restore his ambition.
It is generally believed that Gu's poetic style is similar to Du Fu's. Please point out the style characteristics of Gu's poem and make a brief analysis.
Answer: (1) Style is characterized by gloom or gloom.
(2) This poem combines deep patriotic feelings with one's own life experience and immediate specific situation, and melts into a simple and pure poem, forming a gloomy and dignified style.
Fifth, analyze the types of artistic conception.
1 What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
2 title variants: (1) What images are written in which two couplets in the poem? Please analyze the artistic conception of the scene blending. (2) On the basis of understanding the whole poem, briefly analyze how the poet creates the artistic conception in one or two sentences. (3) Explain the meaning of a couplet and analyze the relationship between emotion and scenery. (4) What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? (5) Appreciate a poem or word from the perspective of "emotion" and "scenery".
3 Answer Tip: This is one of the most common questions. "Yi" is the poet's thoughts and feelings expressed in his poems, and "Jing" is the life picture described by the poet in his poems. Artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of scenes (images, images, life scenes) that entrust the poet's subjective thoughts and feelings. The artistic conception of poetry is an organic combination of scene blending, reality and reality, and both form and spirit. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions. To analyze the artistic conception of poetry, we should pay attention to the characteristics of objects and images, and pay attention to the feelings that the author places in the things described, so as to grasp the "meeting point" between objects and wishes.
4 Answer method: (1) Expand association and imagination, and describe the pictures shown in the poem in your own language. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful. (2) Find out the objects and images in the poem and summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as vigorous, quiet and beautiful, lonely and desolate, desolate and miserable. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery. (3) Analyze what kind of thoughts and feelings poetry expresses, or what kind of enlightenment and thinking it gives people. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.
5 answer the example, (2008 college entrance examination Hainan Ningxia volume) read the following song poem and complete 8 ~ 9 questions.
Li Shinan painting fans
Zhao Zheng
The wild water gurgles down the stream, and the autumn wind blows the forest. Everyone knows that the village is close to holding urns, and Zhongjue Temple is close to the pier.
Please briefly describe the scenery in the fan painted by Li Shinan. What kind of atmosphere does this picture present?
A: The picture is probably a stream flowing between two mountains, leaves falling in the Woods, and a man holding an urn looms out of the temple above the valley on the road "or by the stream". This painting shows the quiet and peaceful atmosphere in the countryside.
Inscribed poems often illustrate the interest outside the painting. What descriptions do you think show the scenery and interest outside the picture? What are the advantages of writing like this?
Answer: (1) The description of "water gurgling" (2) the description of "autumn wind rustling" (3) the description of a nearby village (4) the description of "bell ringing" from a distant temple all show the scenery and interest outside the picture.
The advantage of this writing is that (1) the still scene on the screen moves and becomes vivid. (2) Enlarge the picture to make it more colorful.
Six, analytical skills
1 rhetorical question: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
2 Q Variant, (1) What artistic technique (expression technique) is used in this poem? How to express the poet's feelings? What's the role? (2) How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect? (3) Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique or skill) of this poem.
3 answering skills "skills" are expression skills and expression techniques. Expression is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expressions. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.
There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking and high-ranking people whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Is to express one's thoughts directly. Indirect lyricism can also be divided into lyricism by borrowing scenery, such as "Crying in silence, the pavilion is dying, and the shower begins to rest": generally speaking, it is a poem about objects, such as Mo Mei and Yin, and generally it is a philosophical poem, such as "opening a square pond for half an acre, and the sky is hanging * * *. Ask where the canal is so clear because there is a source of living water. "
Descriptive techniques mainly include (1) setting off, positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". In contrast, there are sports, such as "moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream"; Silence with voice, such as "sunrise startles the mountain, and the sound is in the spring stream"; The sadness of the music scene, such as "the green grass in spring dyes the steps, and the birds sing happily under the leaves". (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees clothes." (3) comparison. "4" line drawing. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10 thousand seeds in autumn." There are no idle fields in the four seas, so farmers starve to death. "
Figures of speech often appear in (1) figurative ancient poems. Such as "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Let's talk about what else caused what was sung. (2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" means emotional "affection". (6) allusions. For example, "a strong business woman doesn't know how to hate her country, but still sings" backyard flowers "across the river." In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, irony and so on.
Secondly, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and multi-angle analysis of this poem.
The types and functions of analytical skills and techniques in problem design are investigated based on skill-based questions.
The answer mode (1) accurately points out what kind of expression techniques are used (lyric techniques: direct expression of mind and indirect lyric. Rhetoric techniques include positive and negative contrast, clever use of metaphor, clever use of metaphor, exaggeration and appropriateness. Contrast, truth, size, etc. ), (2) explain why this technique is used in combination with poetry, and (3) express the poet's feelings or will.
5 Example of Answering Questions (Liaoning Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2008) Read the following Yuan Sanqu and then answer this question.
[Gong Zheng] Sai Qiu Hong Xunyang was on the scene.
Zhou Deqing
Wanli Yangtze River is as white as practice, and Hu Aishan Mountain is as green as a lake. Fan Jiang is like an arrow, and the mountain spring thousands of feet flies like electricity. The sunset dew, the new moon is a beginner, and the word "rainbow" comes like a line.
(1) Please illustrate three rhetorical methods used in this Sanqu.
Answer: ① Metaphor, such as comparing the Yangtze River to practicing in vain, comparing the sails of the Yangtze River to sharp arrows, comparing the descending mountain springs to lightning, and comparing the Hong Fei arranged in the sky to a line. ② Duality, such as one or two sentences, three or four sentences, five or six sentences, etc. 3 comparison, such as the new moon "Xue Ji" in the fan.
(2) One sentence and one scene of this Sanqu together constitute a colorful landscape map of Xunyang. Please make a brief appreciation of this Sanqu from the perspective of the sequence of scenery writing and the combination of static and dynamic.
Answer: ① In terms of the order of scenery writing, one or two sentences are about the Wan Li of the Yangtze River, with many distant mountains, the big place and vision; three or four sentences are about the light sail on the river and the flying mountain springs, and personal and close-up views; Turn from day to night, and then from the ground to the sky. (2) From the dynamic and static point of view, one or two sentences focus on the magnificence of rivers and mountains, which is static, while three or four sentences focus on the swiftness of river sails and the flying of mountain springs, which is dynamic.
Seven, the types of analytical ideas
1 How was this poem conceived?
Variant: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
Answer the suggestion that there is a way of thinking in the poem. The first poem is closely related to the beginning of the sentence. Then, to analyze the structure of poetry, we must grasp the relationship between poems. Some poems write scenery first and then express feelings, others write scenery first and then express feelings, and there are also theories of bedding, transition, contrast and transition.
4 Answer method: (1) Summarize the content of the poem. (2) Reveal the relationship between poems. (3) Point out what thoughts and feelings this idea conveys.
5 Example of Answering Questions (Sichuan Volume of College Entrance Examination in 2008) Read the following Yuan Sanqu and then answer this question.
[Double Tone] The geese fall behind the winning list.
Wu
Spring flowers smell azaleas. Autumn moon to see the returning geese. Human feelings are as thin as clouds, and scenery is as sick as an arrow. Stay, buy and spend money, and plant mulberry fields.
Maoshan three houses, the seedling fertilizer is several hectares. Bedside, put a cold and profound biography; In front of the window, the banknotes are some fresh Du Fu articles.
(1) From the perspective of seclusion, how many levels has this meta-Sanqu been written? Please analyze it briefly.
Answer: I wrote two levels. The first four sentences are the first level, mainly writing the reasons for longing for seclusion. The time caused by spring flowers and autumn moon sighs like an arrow, and human feelings pity themselves.
The last few sentences are the second level, mainly about the seclusion life in yearning. It is divided into two layers. The first layer is a sentence from "stay" to "seedling fat", which describes the material life after retirement; The second layer is the sentence after "bedside", which is about the spiritual life after retirement.
Eight, analysis of the application types of allusions
1 Question Method What allusions are used in this poem? What is the expression function of 7?
2 question variant: please talk about the expressive function of this poem (word) using allusions.
3 Answer Tip: Using allusions is to evaluate the function of allusions used in poetry. In the design of questions, it mainly focuses on examination. When doing this kind of questions, candidates should study and memorize extensively, understand the source and source of allusions, and the poet's intention and purpose of using allusions, so as to facilitate the answer.
4 Answer: (1) Point out the source of allusions. (2) Briefly describe the function of allusions. (3) Point out the expressive effect of using allusions.
Read the following words and then answer the following questions.
well
Sheryl Yan
Tao is pear, Tao is apricot. White and red, especially oriental flavor. I remember, I remember, people were slightly drunk in Wuling.
Please talk about the expressive function of this word with allusions.
A: The last sentence of this poem uses the allusions in Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and Wu Lingren's secluded life, expressing the author's lofty sentiment beyond the secular world, with a hint of seclusion in the mountains.
Nine, appreciate the continuation type
1 questioning method lists the explanations of several poems (couplets), and then asks to fill in the explanations of empty sentences (couplets).
2 Answer Tip: To do such a question, you should analyze the listed items, and then continue to write blank items against these items to achieve the same angle. The main method is to answer questions according to the structure of the beginning, inheritance, transformation and combination of ancient poems.
3 Answer method: (1) Summarize the content of the poem. (2) Explain the relationship with the previous sentence. If the explanation of the last sentence (couplet) is added, we must pay attention to its echo, generalization and finishing touch. In short, it is "combination". (3) Briefly describe and analyze the well-used words in the sentence, and express the effect or thoughts and feelings.
4 answer example (Hunan volume of the 2006 college entrance examination) read the following two poems and complete the appreciation according to the prompts.
Xue Baochai shouted Bai Haitang.
Jane smoked the door during the day and joined hands with the urn to fill the moss basin. Rouge washes away the shadow of the autumn platform, and ice and snow reveal the soul. Only when you are weak can you know that flowers are more colorful, but when you are sad, you can get jade without trace. I have to pay for Bai Di's cleanliness, and I will faint again.
Lin Daiyu shouted Bai Haitang.
Half-rolled curtains cover the door, and the ice is ground into earth jade as a basin. Steal a pear core, borrow a plum blossom soul, and sew a fairy in the moon hole. In autumn, the woman who is always in my heart is shy and silently complaining to whom, leaning against the west wind and then fainting.
Poetry about objects pays attention to both form and spirit. In the above two poems, the couplet focuses on Bai Haitang's "white", but the painting and writing of God are different. "Rouge washes away the shadow of the autumn platform, and ice and snow reveal the soul." The first sentence is to wash away rouge to show its natural beauty, and the second sentence is to describe its pure soul with crystal ice and snow. The use of inverted sentences makes the words "wash" and "move" novel and unique, and vividly conveys Bai Haitang's emotional expression by personification. The setting off of "autumn stage" and "exposed masonry" is even more meaningful. The poet implicitly shows Bai Haitang's simple, elegant, clean and exciting personality.
"Steal a pear core for three cents and borrow a plum blossom for a wisp of soul" is a couplet _ _ _ _ _.
Answer: "Steal pears for nothing, borrow a wisp of plum blossom soul". (1) In the first sentence, Bai Haitang's "white" was depicted in a pear flower, and in the second sentence, Bai Haitang was endowed with the spirit of being aloof from things and being proud of the world with the soul of plum blossom. Compared with the sentence of "washing out", this sentence pays more attention to the clear expression of "white": (3) "stealing" and "borrowing" skillfully use personification techniques; The word "stealing" is derogatory, imaginative and ingenious.
X. A Review of Poetic Theory
1 Question: XXX (a celebrity) commented on this poem (word) in XXX's works and said, "…". Please combine the emotional content expressed in this poem (word) and talk about your understanding.
Variant: (1) The first two sentences of the poem, some versions are "What", which one do you like better than this poem? Please briefly explain the reasons. (2) Some versions of a sentence in this poem are written as "What", which do you think is better? Why?
3 Answer Tips Poetic evaluation is to evaluate the works in combination with poetic theory. Generally, ancient or modern masters express their opinions, express their opinions or praises, or criticize or analyze the defects of a poem commented by the ancients. In the design of question types, the way of commenting on the past and interpreting the present (that is, later generations express their opinions on a poem commented by the ancients) is often used to make propositions. When you do a problem, you must first understand the meaning of the poetic comment sentence itself, so that it is convenient to answer the question. Of course, the meaning of poetics often only needs to understand its basic meaning, and it is not necessary to answer in questions.
4 Answer: (1) Clear meaning. But) make a point. (3) explain the reasons.
Example: Read the following poem and answer this question.