First of all, Pushkin laid the foundation of Russian national literature and made Russian literature stand in the forest of European literature. Before Pushkin, Russian ancient literature had a long history, and there was a heroic epic "Igor Expedition" in the Middle Ages. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, Russian literature and western European literature began to merge in the classical trend. However, when Pushkin started writing, Russian literature was still regarded as "European literature". Pushkin was deeply influenced by French culture and literature since he was a child. Later, French Enlightenment, German idealism philosophy and English romantic poetry had a strong influence on Pushkin. However, Pushkin showed his valuable conscious pursuit of national consciousness and national style in literature through his own creation. In creation, he consciously approached Russian life and Russians: in criticism, he made a lot of comments on the value of Russian culture, the characteristics of Russian national spirit and the superiority of Russian over European languages. Pushkin's skillful literary skills reflect Russian life, his image of Russia, his active encouragement and unreserved praise of Russian national literature while studying western European literature, and his achievements in literary theory and criticism have greatly expanded the influence of Russian literature, so that Russian literature can finally stand shoulder to shoulder with western European literature.
Secondly, Pushkin initiated the tradition of Russian literature. Pushkin's works show amazing diversity. He is an outstanding poet, as well as an outstanding novelist, playwright, critic, fairy tale writer, historian and so on. He dabbled in almost all literary genres and left classics in all literary genres. More importantly, many factors that later formed the traditional connotation of Russian literature in the19th century also originated from Pushkin's works, such as the spirit of freedom against tyranny and serfdom, the defense of human personality and dignity, the sympathy for "little people", the humanitarianism of social injustice, the critical attitude towards the artificial behavior and emptiness of the upper class, and the exposure of the hypocrisy of the church. This serious and moral literary tradition was inherited by many Russian writers in the19th century and even in the 20th century, which constituted the basic characteristics of Russian literature in content and style, and was fixed in Pushkin era. Therefore, we can divide the whole history of Russian literature before the 20th century into two stages-pre-Pushkin period and Pushkin period.
Finally, Pushkin standardized modern Russian. The origin of Russian is very complicated. The "kirill alphabet" used in it was invented by Greek missionaries, so it has a certain kinship with Greek. Later, German, Dutch and other central and northern European language genes entered Russian in large numbers. Until the reform of Peter the Great in18th century, French words and expressions had a great influence on Russian. At the same time, ancient words and idioms preserved from Slavic primitive tribes also remain in the text. Although such a complicated language system provides a prerequisite for the development of Russian, it also brings many inconveniences to governing the country, interpersonal communication and literary creation, and is calling for some kind of rectification. Finally, lomonosov appeared. He combed Russian and made a rigorous study of Russian grammar and Russian poetry. However, lomonosov failed to make greater contributions to the standardization of literary language and the establishment of language templates. He writes poems in his own language, which is more rigorous and less energetic than words. The historical mission of standardizing Russian literary language falls on Pushkin. Pushkin accomplished this mission not mainly from the perspective of Russian language and literature, but through living literary creation. In his poems and novels, the Slavic language and diplomatic language of the church are all communication language, elegant language and vulgar language of the upper class. Has appeared. And given the same mission of expressing emotions and describing life. This is an unprecedented "language democratization" movement. Pushkin's creation is like a huge language melting pot. After his smelting, various complex elements in Russian language finally became a brand-new and highly mobile literary language. Nikolai Nikolai Gogol said that in Pushkin's works, there is all the richness, strength and dexterity of our language; Gorky believes that Pushkin's greatest achievement in language is the combination of literary language and folk spoken language. Pushkin is a master of Russian language, and he finally completed the standardization of modern Russian literary language. People who know Russian can find that there is almost no difference between Russian today and the language in Pushkin's works, which in turn shows the great vitality of Pushkin's language and its great and far-reaching influence on Russian.
Based on the above points, Pushkin won the title of "Father of Russian". It seems that the national poets who have made these great historical achievements will never be surpassed, and Pushkin is eternal.