Xu Tang
Ice and snow posture is not the time to close your hat.
The fragrance floats outside the wind, and the shadow in the moon is suspicious.
Later developed in Lin Diao, it is often cold.
This is rare in the world, and there have been no poems since ancient times.
These five laws describe the natural posture and charm of chrysanthemum morifolium. White chrysanthemum is the best of all chrysanthemums. It does not compete with flowers for glory, and its character is noble and noble, which is rare in the world. By praising the chrysanthemum, the poet entrusted his interest and pursuit different from the secular world.
What Bai Ju loves and advocates in the first couplet is frost-like beauty, which has nothing to do with the Double Ninth Festival on September 9. The first sentence actually implies the color of the white chrysanthemum. Baiju, also known as Xiangxue, is like Wo's poem: "I am sorry for the thousand pieces of Xiangxue, and suddenly I feel that the sunset clouds cover a cluster." (Together with Wu's assistant minister, Scheeren lamented the decline and thanked the quatrains. ) See Meng Jiachuan's "Hat Falling" in the Book of Jin: "It's very warm to go west to Huan Wen. On September 9, Yan Wen Longshan, Liao Zuobiji. When the assistant ministers are all wearing military uniforms, it is not a good feeling to blow off their hats in the wind. ...... ""hat off "became the allusion of climbing the mountain in Chongyang on September 9. Li Bai's poem "Nine Days" in the Tang Dynasty: "Drop your hat and get drunk in the middle of Shan Ye." Chongyang is a cold season in late autumn, and the weather has turned slightly cold. But at this time, the white chrysanthemums in full bloom in the rustling autumn wind have no intention of this, but are eager to welcome the arrival of a colder season. The poet's writing style is very thought-provoking and arouses rich associations.
The couplets then describe the fragrance of white chrysanthemums floating in the autumn wind, which has a refreshing fragrance. In the bright moonlight, its beautiful image is hazy and really cute. "Doubt", confusion and indecision are extended to confusion here. The poet wrote the charming posture of the white chrysanthemum in the moonlight, which has hazy beauty and gives people a sense of beauty.
Necklace, that is, chrysanthemum, is in the early stage of development. After the woodcarving falls, it grows vigorously, but it blooms in cold season. It is not only different from those chrysanthemum varieties that bloom early, but also different from other fragrant flowers that bloom in a warm and suitable seasonal environment. Baiju has its persistent pursuit, and it doesn't want to compete with flowers. However, because all the trees and flowers withered in Li Zhuo, Ao Shuang struggled with the cold, and a flower bloomed alone, overflowing with attractive fragrance. This couplet, together with the first sentence, "Your posture of ice and snow", describes the unique personality characteristics of Baiju, and also paves the way for the author of the next couplet to further eulogize.
The couplet is a combination of discussion and lyricism, which tells the author's heartfelt words: chrysanthemum is rare in the world, and no one has praised it since ancient times. The implication is that there are very few good poems that can vividly describe chrysanthemums. Because, Li Shangyin, who was earlier than the poet, had such a poem in Nine Days: "When Shan Weng was drinking, white chrysanthemums circled the steps in frost." His poems are as powerful as Jin's, which makes those who advocate "frost and snow period" and thrive in cold weather stand out and shine brilliantly. It can be seen that the poet's sincere and warm feelings not only deepen the theme, but also have a mellow charm and infinite meaning, which makes people fascinated.
The whole poem revolves around chrysanthemums and advances step by step. First write the color and posture of chrysanthemum, then write its fragrance and beautiful figure, and then explain its initial development and prosperous season, and sincerely admire it. Its artistic conception is meaningful and interesting, which combines the life experience accumulated by the author through careful observation of the ecological situation of chrysanthemum, thus triggering rich associations and unique feelings. "All the scenery is sentimental." (Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth") The same is true of these five laws. Scenes are set for feelings, feelings are set for scenes, and scenes are born together and scenes are true. The natural integration of the two gives people a strong appeal, thus obtaining an ideal artistic effect.
What is particularly commendable is that the author not only depicts the beautiful figure and delicate fragrance of Chrysanthemum morifolium, but also praises its strength, vividly highlighting its noble character and exuberant vitality. It advocates the appearance of snow and frost, which occurs and grows in the time of wood carving and rest, and blooms in the frost and cold season, vividly expressing its ambition and feelings. The white chrysanthemum described by the author has both form and spirit and unique charm, which is an organic unity of elegant and static beauty and dynamic beauty with tenacious vitality and persistent pursuit.
The sharp contrast is another striking feature of this poem. Although there is no picture of a group of flowers other than chrysanthemum in the poem, can you feel the strong contrast between chrysanthemum and flowers everywhere from the snowy gesture, the fragrance, the departure from the wind and the vivid description and praise between the lines, such as when cold comes and summer comes, it is rare on earth?
The personification of Bai Juyi in this poem is also the author's own situation. The poet's career was bumpy and his talent was not enough: "Suffering from poetry, he lived in seclusion and fell into fame for a long time." Only when I was old did I become a scholar in Xian Tong for twelve years. "I was transferred to Jingxian County, and then I resigned ...". (Yuan Xinwenfang's Biography of Talented Talents in the Tang Dynasty) The author's enthusiastic praise for Bai Ju should be a manifestation of his disdain for competing with small groups for glory and favor, and his narcissism. For example, Bai Ju, who is proud of first frost, stands tall and enjoys herself in the face of sinister environment, which reflects the author's yearning and desire for noble character and noble feelings from the image.