According to the new curriculum standards for fourth-grade students' reading requirements and students' existing cognitive level, I have determined the teaching objectives from the following three latitudes:
Knowledge and ability goals: be able to write two new words, be clear about the two pronunciations of the polyphonic word "she", understand the meanings of words such as "yes", "one" and "Gengjin", and understand the meaning of the whole poem. Can read and recite ancient poems correctly, fluently and emotionally.
Process Method Objective: To understand the meaning of the whole poem through self-study and group cooperation, and to guide students to realize the poet's farewell to friends through step-by-step reading.
Emotional attitude goal: to experience the deep friendship between friends and arouse the love for Chinese poetry.
According to the teaching objectives, I also made the teaching emphases and difficulties of this paper.
Teaching emphasis: 1. Understand the meaning of the whole poem, and be able to read and recite it with emotion.
2. Experience the poet's farewell to his friends.
Teaching difficulties: guide students to deeply understand the poet's farewell to friends.
Class schedule: one class.
Below I will talk about the teaching arrangement of this class from six aspects: entering poetry, reading poetry, understanding poetry, understanding poetry, continuing poetry rhyme and expanding poetry.
First, enter the realm of poetry
At the beginning of the new class, teachers can sing the ancient poem "Send Yuan Er An Xi" with the ancient song "Three Layers of Yangguan".
Render the atmosphere, create the artistic conception of poetry, and form a good classroom atmosphere of "we can feel her feelings before she plays".
Second, read poetry.
Poetry is short and pithy, so students can read it several times freely.
Third, the interpretation of poetry.
The meaning of this poem is not difficult to understand. The teacher doesn't have to explain the meaning of this poem too much, and students can compare it with the text.
After a few comments, it means to be an ambassador, get wet, or finish drinking, then discuss and exchange your understanding of poetry in groups, and then communicate with the whole class. The new curriculum standard also advocates the learning mode of group cooperation and inquiry. "New Curriculum Standard" points out: "Independent inquiry and cooperative communication are important ways for students to learn." Teachers should strive to provide students with opportunities to actively participate in cooperation.
Fourth, realize poetry.
Since ancient times, people have paid attention to parting, and people have been hurt by parting since ancient times, so there are quite a few "farewell poems" among ancient poets.
A series of poets have dabbled in this subject. However, among the numerous "Farewell Poems", why did Wang Wei's "Farewell to Two Ambassadors Anxi" become a popular poem, which has been handed down to this day, and even been wrapped in orchestral strings and sung diligently, becoming a leader in farewell poems? There must be something unique about it. So how did the poet Wang Wei express his farewell to Yuaner? We will solve this problem in understanding poetry, which is undoubtedly a difficult point in teaching. I want to guide students to break through this difficulty from the following three aspects.
1. Feel the feeling of parting from the perspective of friends.
Please read the ancient poems first. Where can I find the basis that Yuaner and Wang Wei are good friends? Students read by themselves.
Communication after ancient poetry. Can be confirmed from the following basis:
(1), Yuaner, this name sounds very kind, so it can be inferred that they are good friends.
(2) From the "old friends", we can see that they are good friends and confidants.
(3) "More" means that they have drunk many glasses of wine, which shows that they have deep feelings.
(4), "doing" means that two people drink it all at once, only between good friends.
At this point, the teacher can draw the students' attention to the wine. The wine that "every friend is short of a thousand cups" is a heart-to-heart wine, the wine that "spring wine is for this, and longevity is eyebrow-raising" is a blessing wine, and the wine that "Du Kang alone relieves anxiety" is a sorrow-relieving wine. So what kind of wine is "to advise you to make an extra glass of wine"? Students can answer from many angles: this is a farewell wine, because after drinking this last cup, Wang Wei and Yuan Er will be separated. This is a glass of sad wine. How can friends be sad when they are separated? This is a glass of helpless wine. Who wants to be separated from their good friends? But this is an order issued by the court, and it is difficult to disobey. This is a blessing wine. The poet Wang Wei wished Yuaner a safe journey and a happy life in Anxi. This is still a glass of wine. Let the students read aloud again and again with emotion, "I advise you to drink one more glass of wine, there is no reason to go abroad." This sentence. This step-by-step introduction allows students to see the profound friendship contained in it through the seemingly dull surface of "advising you to drink more", so every time I repeat it, the feelings of the students are also surging.
2. Feel the feeling of parting from the scenery of Weicheng.
I don't remember how many glasses of wine I drank. Through the window, seeing the scenery outside the window, this inseparable mood is even stronger.
A fierce teacher can make students read the whole poem again. Where can Yuaner and Wang Wei see the scenery, and the sadness of parting will be stronger?
(1), Rain, it seems that God is also sad for their separation.
(2) Liu, if no students mention it, the teacher can tell the students that the ancients had the custom of "folding Liu to give people away". Because "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which means to retain.
After realizing the sadness caused by these scenes, teachers can adopt a step-by-step reading method. When the ancients heard the song "Broken Willow", they would also touch parting. But today, seeing the green willows in our eyes, how can we not be sad? It is still raining. Do you want to keep your friends? And my friend will leave me eventually, so why not leave me sadly? Seeing guests off in the rain, I think I am wandering alone, and my friends will leave home today. Why not leave sadly?
Wang Guowei once said: "The words of all scenery are sentimental words." When the poet chooses these scenes, he naturally intends to close them and say goodbye. And further with the help of these scenery, to "advise you to make more wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason." The layer-by-layer rendering of a sentence undoubtedly advanced the interpretation of the theme of the poem.
3. Feel the sense of separation of geographical distance and difference.
If you want to deeply understand the deep feelings contained in this parting exhortation, you can't help but involve "going to the West to get through Yangguan". At that time, Yangguan was far away from Weicheng, and the west was still poor and barren, and the scenery was very different from that of the mainland. Yuaner can't help but feel the hardships and loneliness of waiting for a long journey. So how far is Anxi from Weicheng? Teachers can ask students to consult materials before class, make clear the geographical location of these places, and show the mission map of Yuaner to Anxi in class, which is about 3,000 kilometers and spans more than half of China. Yuaner traveled thousands of miles, and Wang Wei lived far apart from each other. How can a poet not miss it? This is the sadness of parting caused by geographical distance. Not only that, teachers can also guide students to imagine the difference in life between the two places: maybe it's rainy here in Weicheng, but what about Anxi? Yellow sand all over the sky! Maybe Weicheng is full of vitality here, and Anxi is there? Desolate everywhere! Weicheng has endless sweet hometown water and endless hometown dialect. Where is Anxi? No company, no more local accent! As a result, for the third time, the teacher adopted a step-by-step introduction method, thinking that his friend was about to leave the desert beyond the Great Wall. This inseparable emotion has become-students read "advise you to make more wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason." Thinking that a friend is about to leave the desert beyond the Great Wall and wander alone, this inseparable emotion becomes-classmates read "Advise Jun to make more wine and go to the West for no reason". Thinking that a friend is about to leave the desert beyond the Great Wall, wandering alone, and his future is bleak, this inseparable emotion becomes-the students read "Advise you to make more wine and go out to Yangguan for no reason" together.
This design makes Anxi and Acropolis form a strong contrast. At this time, "advise you to drink more wine" is like a cup of rich emotional nectar soaked in all the friendship of the poet. There are feelings of parting, deep consideration of the traveler's situation and mood, and cordial wishes for cherishing the road ahead.
In the whole teaching design of understanding poetry, I use the form of "reading instead of speaking, advancing layer by layer" to teach teachers.
Gradually "reading" with emotions and "rereading" with students' high emotions can be described as singing and sighing, leading students to a spiritual baptism and fully feeling the unique charm of this poem.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) continuation of poetic rhyme
This sentence "advise you to drink more" contains many parting words from the poet! In fact, what Wang Wei wants to say to Yuaner is
It's too much, but I can't say anything at this parting moment. Here, I designed a writing practice session for students to write down what Wang Wei wanted to say to Yuaner but didn't say, and then communicate. The new curriculum standard points out that teachers should be good at using texts, fully tap the favorable resources of teaching materials, and the process of filling the "blank" itself is the practical operation to let students gallop their imagination and stimulate creative thinking. I think, with the last step of understanding poetry, this kind of writing practice can be regarded as natural! Students not only improve their expressive ability of language and writing, but also have a spiritual connection with the poet again.
Sixth, unfold the poem.
"Farewell Poetry" is a common theme in China's classical poems. Teachers can recommend some famous poems.
Poetry allows students to teach themselves after class. For example, Gao Shi's Don't Move Big, Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Building and Farewell to Du Shu are all famous historical works.