However, this does not mean that there was no music in Russia before him. Art music was introduced from western Europe and monopolized by nobles. At that time, glinka realized national music and created his own music with his own hands. His masterpiece Sacrifice for the Tsar is a patriotic historical story in the form of opera. Because it was full of vulgar music, it was called "the groom's opera" and was despised.
The five people who laid a solid foundation in the National Second Auction are: Balding, Guy, Balakirev, Musorgskiy, Limsky-Kosakov, etc. Known as the "five-person group" or "powerful group".
These five people have one thing in common, that is, they were not specialized musicians at first, and it is their common goal to promote the movement of Russian national music school.
Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky is the most important and greatest Russian composer of his time with the quintet. However, from the perspective of nationalism, it is not as distinctive as the above-mentioned "five groups". He studied law first, then became an official of the Ministry of Finance, and finally became a musician. His music is deeply influenced by Germany.
Russian secular music has been popular since18th century. People's interest in music led to the collection and adaptation of folk songs, which had a great influence on the development of Russian music later. In the second half of the year, composers and performers appeared one after another. By the 1970s, there were already opera performances reflecting urban and rural life on the stage.
/kloc-in the first half of the 9th century, a unique and novel music school was formed in Russia, and glinka, the founder of Russian classical music, appeared (1804- 1857). It had a great influence on the later development of Russian symphony. Tchaikovsky, a great Russian composer, once said that "the whole Russian symphony department was born in glinka's Kamalinskaya-just like an oak tree was born in an acorn". The composer integrated Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Finnish, Polish, Georgian, Spanish and other tunes into his works, deeply expressing patriotic thoughts and praising the achievements and virtues of the people. As soon as his works came out, he immediately became one of the world famous composers, and his reputation still exists today.
After glinka, Russian composers include Yashe Dalgomisky (18 13- 1869). The melody of his vocal work water sprite was born out of Russian folk songs and later became one of the most popular Russian folk operas.
/kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, Russian music entered a period of prosperity, and the 1960s and 1970s were called the "sturm und drang" era of Russian music. The symbol of music prosperity is the emergence of a collective "powerful composer group". The "Powerful Group" is composed of glinka student Mia Balakirev (1836- 19 10). The "strength school" aims to advocate realism and promote Russian national music, and its creations are mostly based on Russian history, people's lives, folklore and literary masterpieces. They pay attention to absorbing and using folk tunes, and make innovations in artistic forms and creative techniques.
The greatest Russian composer is Piette I Tchaikovsky (1840- 1893). His music creation began with the activities of the "strength school" in the 1960s, and the heyday of his music creation was in the 1970s and early 1990s. Tchaikovsky's works are famous for their profound democratic spirit and distinctive national characteristics. His lyric operas yevgeni onegin, The Queen of Spades, Ballet Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and Nutcracker are all the peaks in Russian music art history. Among Tchaikovsky's six symphonies, the third, fourth and sixth (Pathetique) symphonies are particularly famous. His symphony Romeo and Juliet is famous for its beautiful tunes. Tchaikovsky's creation is based on elegy, which reflects the mood of Russian intellectuals in the 1980s, and strongly and truly expresses the contradictions of the times, the impulse of struggle, people's desire for comfort and their longing for a better future. Tchaikovsky won the world reputation for the Russian symphony orchestra.
After the October Revolution, due to the emphasis on traditional music forms, several generations of new composers appeared in the Soviet Union. They have made great achievements in symphony, opera and ballet. These composers have their own emphases, showing different styles and characteristics.
The most famous composer in Soviet period was Shostakovich. Ji Shostakovich (1906- 1975) was the president of the Soviet Composers Association for a long time. His works are mainly symphonies, which are considered as one of the peaks of music in the 20th century. His works mostly reflect major social themes, with war and peace, anti-fascist struggle and so on as the main themes. The artistic feature of the work is the combination of strong passion and delicate and secret lyric, and the style is close to Bach and Beethoven. He composed 65,438+05 symphonies, as well as the historical opera "Katerina Izz Muhlova", the oratorio "Song of the Forest" and the violin concerto. He also made many films and plays, such as Ma Kexin Trilogy, Man with a Gun and Young Guards. The works that brought him fame were the first, fifth, seventh and eleventh symphonies. Among them, the Seventh Symphony (Leningrad) was written during the siege of Leningrad, and it is famous for its tragic and solemn, which is an immortal work in the war years.
The piano performance of the former Soviet Union became a school of its own and became famous all over the world. The founders of the Soviet School are pianist and art educator Ni Kang Igumnov (1873- 1948) and Gengu Niegouz (1888- 1964). Later, this famous pianist was a student of Igmnov, Lilin Oberlin (1907- 1974). Contemporary famous pianists are the students of Niejiawuz, Slili Hete (1915-) and Aggelaris (1916-).
The violin playing in the former Soviet Union was also a school of its own. Fei Da oistrakh (1908- 1974) is the main representative of the Soviet violin school and a world-famous violin master. He mainly plays western European music, Russian classical music and Soviet contemporary works. His style is rigorous and his expression is profound. 1937 won the first prize of Yi Sayi International Violin Competition.
There are many famous opera singers in Russia and the former Soviet Union. Fay Chayabin (1873- 1938) is a famous Russian bass singer and opera singer. He is good at singing "Song of the Volga Boatman" and has played roles such as Susanen and Boris. 1922 went abroad and never returned to the Soviet union. Before 1950s, the opera singers familiar to Soviet audiences were lyric tenor Sheila Le Misev (1902- 1977), mezzo-soprano Anna Obukhova (1886- 196 1) and lyric coloratura. The most famous contemporary female singer is Ikong Arkhipova (1925-).
The former Soviet Union 1948 established the Composers Association, and 1979 has more than 2 100 members. The association often holds music festivals and concerts in various places. The first International Tchaikovsky Music Competition was held in Moscow from 65438 to 0958, and held every four years thereafter. exist
At the 6th Tchaikovsky Concert on 1978, Soviet singer Semchuk, violinist Grubel and pianist Pletnjev won the first prize respectively. Starting from 1969, Moscow holds an international ballet competition every four years. Actors from the former Soviet Union won the first prize more than once.
There are 44 opera and dance theaters, 44 symphony orchestras, 20 conservatories and 65,438+08 ballet and dance schools in the former Soviet Union. The famous theaters in the former Soviet Union include the Moscow Grand Theatre, the Kirov Song and Dance Theatre in Leningrad, the stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Music Theatre in Moscow, and the Shevchenko Song and Dance Theatre in Kiev. The largest conservatories are the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory of Music and the Leningrad State rimsky Kosakov Conservatory of Music.