1. Three religions: Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. "Yanhuang" respectively refers to the leaders of two different tribes in China's primitive society, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang. The name of Lord Xinling of the Wei State was Wuji, and his name was Xinling Lord; the name of Lord Mengchang of Qi State was Mengchang Lord; the name of Pingyuan Lord of Zhao State, Zhao Sheng, was the name of Pingyuan Lord; the name of Chun Shen Lord of Chu State, Huang Xie, was known as Chun Shen Lord. 2. Characteristics of the author Qu Yuan 1. From the style of poetry Language, arrangement, exaggeration, and rich imagination are the unique characteristics of Chu Ci. For example, "Li Sao" is full of fantasy and unrestrained imagination, expressing true feelings repeatedly. 2. From the perspective of style, compared with the Book of Songs, the length of Chu Ci has been greatly increased, and the sentence structure has mainly four characters, and has become irregular in length and uneven. 3. In terms of language, Chu Ci mostly uses Chu language and Chu sounds, and a large number of Chu dialect words have emerged. In addition, the characters "xi" and "some" have become a distinctive symbol of Chu Ci as function words and interjections. 3. Classification of ancient poetry Ancient poetry includes poems, lyrics and music. 1． From the form of poetry, it can be divided into: ① Ancient poetry, including ancient poetry (poetry before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poetry. Note that poems in ancient poetry genres such as "ge", "gexing", "yin", "qu", and "瀬" also belong to ancient poetry. Ancient poetry does not focus on antithesis and rhymes more freely. The development trajectory of ancient poetry: "The Book of Songs" → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasty folk songs → Jian'an poetry → Tao Shi and other literati five-character poems → the ancient style and new Yuefu of the Tang Dynasty. ② Modern poetry, including rhymed verses and quatrains. ③Ci, also known as poetry, long and short sentences, tunes, tune lyrics, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tune has a definite pattern, the sentences have a definite number, and the words have a definite tone. Depending on the number of words, it can be divided into long tune (more than 91 words), middle tune (59-90 words), and small tune (within 58 words). Words can be divided into monotonic and bimodal. Bimodal is divided into two paragraphs. The two paragraphs are equal or roughly equal in number of words. Monotonous only has one paragraph. A section of a word is called a que or a piece. The first section is called the front que, the upper que, and the upper piece. The second section is called the back que, the lower que, and the lower piece. ④Qu, also known as Ciyu and Yuefu. Yuan opera includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu originated in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style is similar to the lyrics. Features: You can add lining words to the fixed number of words, and mostly use spoken language. Sanqu includes two types: Xiaoling and Taoshu (set of songs). A set is a continuous set of songs, at least two songs, and as many as dozens of songs. Each set uses the tune of the first song as the name of the complete set, and the whole set must be of the same tune. It has no guest introduction and is only for a cappella singing. 2. The themes of poetry can be divided into: ① Scenery lyric poetry, lyric poetry that sings about landscapes and scenic spots and describes natural scenery. In ancient times, some poets were dissatisfied with reality and often expressed their feelings in mountains and rivers. They expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing rivers, lakes and natural scenery. This type of poetry often embodies the emotions to be expressed in the scenery described later. This is what people often call embedding emotions in the scenery. Its style is fresh and natural. ② When chanting about objects, the poet describes the appearance, characteristics, charm, and character of the object he is chanting to express his own feelings and express his spirit, quality, or ideals. ③ Immediate sentimental poems, which cause the poet to express emotions for a certain reason, such as missing relatives, homesickness, missing friends, etc. ④ Nostalgia for the past and chanting epic poems, using historical allusions as the theme, or to express one's own opinions, or to use the past to satirize the present, or to express feelings about the vicissitudes of life. ⑤ Frontier fortress poems describe the scenery of the frontier fortress and the military life of the soldiers guarding the frontier, or express their optimism and heroism or their feelings of longing and separation. The style is tragic and grand, and the writing style is bold and unrestrained.
Modern poetry includes rhymed verses and quatrains