What is the poem of ancient parting custom in Farewell?

Farewell poems are a very important part of China's voluminous ancient poems. In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine farewell parties, fold willows to send them away, and sometimes sing poems to bid farewell, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati. Farewell poems are a big category of ancient poems. It generally describes the scenery according to time and place, expresses the feelings of parting, and thus reflects the author's thoughts and feelings. Images commonly used in farewell poems: pavilions, willows, sunset, wine, autumn and so on. Poetry titles often have words such as "give, don't, send". When solving problems, we should pay attention to who will send them, who will go and who will not. The content of farewell includes writing about the differences between husband and wife, relatives, friends and colleagues, and even rushing by. The technique used is often to express one's mind directly or to express one's feelings by borrowing scenery. At the same time, we should also master other artistic characteristics, some are bold and broad-minded, some are profound and implicit, some are straightforward and frank, some are full of books, and some are simple and unpretentious, but they are "near meaning and far meaning, shallow words and deep feelings." Because everyone's situation is different, the specific content and ideological tendency of farewell poems are often different, which can be roughly divided into: farewell, farewell, farewell and farewell. (1) Xie Bieru: Li Bai's "To Wang Lun" "The Peach Blossom Pond is as deep as Wang Lun's thousand feet." Li Bai wrote 100 poems about drinking, according to my unchanging habit all my life. According to Yuan Mei's Addendum to Poems in the Garden, Wang Lun, a complete stranger, wrote to Li Bai because he envied the great poet, and invited him to visit Jingxian (now southern Anhui). The letter wrote enthusiastically: "How is your husband?" There are miles of peach blossoms here. Is it delicious, sir? There are thousands of hotels here. "Li Bai went away happily. Only when Li Bai met Wang Lun did he know that Wang Lun was a hero in Jingchuan, and he was hospitable and charming. Then he asked, "Where is the Taoyuan Hotel?" Wang Lun said, "Peach blossom is also called pool water, and there is no peach blossom; Wanjia, the boss's surname is Ye Wan, and there is no Wanjia Hotel. "Although reckless Wang Lun's behavior made Li Bai a little in distress situation, he was moved by his good intentions and hospitality. For several days, Wang Lun entertained Li Bai with good wine and food, and personally led Li Bai to visit the scenic spots in Jingxian County. When he left, Wang Lun gave him many gifts. Li Bai was deeply moved. In order to thank Wang Lun for his kindness, Li Bai blurted out this poem as a farewell to express his deep gratitude to Wang Lun. This farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both informal, happy and free people. In the secluded mountain village, there is no complicated etiquette sent by the upper class. Wang Lun didn't seem to be at home when Li Bai left. Wang Lun came back and learned that Li Bai had left. He immediately rushed to the ferry with wine to say goodbye. Li Bai, who left without saying goodbye, is free and easy and not polite; Wang Lun, who is singing farewell songs, is also generous and enthusiastic, and won't let the children touch the towel. In just fourteen words, they wrote down their optimistic personality and their informal friendship. 2, love, such as: Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi" "Advise Jun to make more wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason." Vividly and vividly wrote the poet's deep attachment and concern for his friend Yuaner, who is going to a desolate place. The first two sentences of the poem clearly depict spring scenery and imply parting. Among them, "Liu" and "Liu" are not only homophonic, but also a symbol of parting. "Light Dust" and "Hostel" also hinted at the purpose of this trip, cleverly pointing out the time, place and environment of farewell. The last two paragraphs make it clear that the theme is farewell dinner with wine, and the poet expresses his deep affection for his friends by persuading him to drink. Anxi, where my friend is going on this trip, is described as "the spring breeze is not enough for Yumen Pass" in today's Kuqa County, Xinjiang. Anxi is outside Yumen and desolate in the distance. "I advise you to drink more wine, there is no reason to go to the Buddhist paradise. "These two words seem to blurt out, but they are sincere and rich in connotation. The word "Geng" has a profound meaning, which not only writes about the reluctance to leave, but also writes about the affectionate exhortation, which reminds people of the frequent toasts before. The last sentence is "the meaning is still unfinished, and it can be seen from the outside." Imagine that there is no reason for westerners to go out to Yangguan. Besides, out of the Buddhist paradise, he is more than a "man without cause." Is everything in sight, including the beautiful scenery of the Acropolis, so familiar and gone? Besides, "unprovoked people" are not just friends who travel far away. Isn't the poet himself deeply sorry for losing an old friend around him? In short, the two poems contain feelings such as farewell, nostalgia, consideration, concern and blessing. It is both sincere and touching, and it is memorable. 3. The poet's uniqueness: Bai Xuege Farewell to Wu Gui, the secretary of Tian, shows the poet's melancholy because of his friend's return to Beijing, but he envies his friend even more because he is going to the bustling capital. The last eight sentences of this poem are farewell. First, write a banquet in China chancellorsville, and put a side music to see off the judge who is about to leave for Beijing. Frequent toasts and farewells between seats are only mentioned briefly in the name of instrumental music, leaving it to readers to imagine farewell. The banquet didn't come to an end until dusk, but when I saw the heavy snow, the striking red flag standing in the barracks hung hard and couldn't turn in the strong wind. It is conceivable that the ice on the national flag is so thick and the weather outside the Great Wall is so cold! But friends have to travel in such bad ice and snow. Why not worry? All the way to the east gate of Luntai, Tianshan Road in front has been covered with heavy snow, leaving only a vast expanse of whiteness. Looking at the distant figure of my friend, I gradually disappeared at the corner of the mountain, only seeing the footprints left by a group of people in the snow ... incoherent and memorable, which made people feel depressed. Farewell is mainly between dignitaries. Such as "Farewell to Deputy Magistrate Du to Shu", the poet washes away the melancholy of previous farewell poems, with elegant style, magnificent weather and bold spirit. I took parting very seriously and sang a heroic song. Especially the neckline "However, although China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor. "The language is vivid and concise, full of affection and philosophy, showing the magnanimity of a gentleman and giving people great comfort and encouragement. The light emitted by these two famous sentences will almost overshadow all farewell poems. The above are only classified and discussed from the perspective of farewell objects. Of course, there are many kinds of classification methods. For example, according to the specific content and ideological tendency of farewell poems, they can be divided into the following categories: (1) I am reluctant to part, and I don't hate leaving my sorrow. For example, I wrote farewell poems directly: Li Bai's Wang Lun, Leaving Nanjing Restaurant, Liu Yong's Yulin Ling and Wang Wei's Chengwei Qu. (2) Affectionate encouragement and praise, such as "Send to Shu", "Biedongda" by Gao Shi, and "Mochou Road without a bosom friend" compare themselves with curling to express their open mind and strong character. First, the common thoughts and feelings in farewell poems. (a) to express the feelings of being reluctant to part with others and the sincere affection between friends. For example, Wang Wei's Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Li Bai's Send Friends, Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie and so on. Li Bai bid farewell to his friends, with blue mountains in the north and white water in the east. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away. Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave. Appreciation: The first couplet of the poem is about other places. In the distance, green mountains span the northern part of the outer city, and sparkling rivers surround the city. The scenery is beautiful. Parallel couplets and necklaces are related to the topic, which describes the deep feelings of parting. When you leave here, you will fly with the wind like a loose grass and go thousands of miles away. These two sentences express deep concern for the wandering life of friends. The necklace skillfully uses "floating clouds" and "sunset" as a contrast to express the heart, and the white clouds floating in the wind symbolize the whereabouts of friends and everything; A red sun slowly sets, as if unable to bear to leave the earth, which is a metaphor for the poet's farewell to his friends. Poetry and friends immediately waved goodbye and greeted each other frequently. The two horses seem to understand their master's feelings and are unwilling to leave their companions. When they left, they couldn't help singing, as if they had infinite affection. A?vagho?a rustles, setting off gentle affection. (2) The content of the poem is mainly to exhort, praise, encourage and encourage friends, and express other feelings. Such as Wang's Biography of Sending to Ren Shu, Gao Shi's Dongda, and Li Bai's Gift to Wang Lun. Don't be tall and comfortable in Wan Li. In Huang Yun, the sun is shining, and the north wind blows the goose feather and snow one after another. A gentleman is poor, who wants to meet today without paying for drinks? Appreciation: This poem changed the sadness and lingering of farewell poems, and became clear and optimistic. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scene in front of us, using pure line drawing technique. At dusk, Huang Yun is thousands of miles away, and it is snowing heavily. In the north wind, only geese are broken at high altitude, and Leng Yun appears. Such a scene, the weather is vigorous and the artistic conception is sad. Let a person feel depraved, what is the meaning of wandering. Seeing the sadness of parting seems to be limited to routines, and the description of the scenery seems to be creating momentum for lyricism? Is it a reluctant parting or a sincere friendship? None of them, but Gao Shi said his parting words thoughtfully and firmly: "Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone knows you." Because they are intimate friends, they speak directly and do not need to be subtle and euphemistic; Because of its decline, it turned hope into comfort, full of confidence and strength while comforting. (3) Farewell poems. The theme of this kind of farewell poems is farewell, but the actual purpose is to express one's ambition or hug through farewell. Such as Li Bai's Sleepwalking in Heaven and Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Inn by Wang Changling. Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! Note: Wang Changling was demoted twice, once to Lingnan, and later to Jiangning Cheng after returning home. This poem was written at this time, which coincided with the destruction of oral sex. Appreciation: The first sentence of the poem says that misty rain covers Wudi River and weaves endless worry nets. Rainy nights add to the bleak autumn, but also render the atmosphere of parting. The chill filled the misty rain of the whole river, and even soaked the hearts of people who left. Thinking that pedestrians are about to disappear outside Chushan Mountain, loneliness arises spontaneously. The author melts his feelings into the scenery, focuses on Chushan Mountain, which stands on the vast Ye Ping, and describes lonely mountains and lonely people. "Jade pot" symbolizes noble and pure quality. The message that Wang Changling gradually brought to relatives and friends in Luoyang was not safe and healthy, but conveyed his pure and upright belief. The last two sentences of the poem, "Luoyang's relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot", are meaningful and memorable, and have been told. (4) express nostalgia through farewell. Give someone special treatment in Yishui. Don't leave yan dan here, a strong man will take the crown. No one was there at that time, and the water is still cold today. Appreciation: The first couplet of this poem is about "Jing Ke stabbed Qin". At the end of the Warring States Period, Jing Ke avenged Yan Taizi Dan and tried to intimidate the king of Qin with a dagger, so that he could return to the land of princes. When he left, Yan Taizi Dan, Gao Jianli, and white clothes were presented to Xiao. "Here" in the first sentence is Yi Shui in the poem title. The first two sentences sum up the tragic farewell scenes and the impassioned emotions of the characters, expressing the deep reverence for Jing Ke. "In the past, people left, and today the water is still cold." These two sentences are opposite, and the latter sentence is the center of the whole poem. It contains feelings in the scenery, and the scenery is compared with it. It eulogized Jing Ke's heroic integrity of not being afraid of rape for thousands of years, and also implied the poet's yearning for Jing Ke-style heroes. (five) in the name of farewell, in fact, it is to write scenery or express other emotions. For example, Li Bai's poem "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry", Yang Wanli's poem "Seeing Lin Zifang at Jingci Temple" and so on. Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners. At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces. The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. Note Jingmen: The mountain name is on the south bank of the northwest Yangtze River in Yidu County, Hubei Province. In 725 AD, 25-year-old Li Bai walked out of Shu for the first time. He took a boat by sea, crossed Bayu, got out of the Three Gorges and sailed straight out of Jingmen Mountain, with the purpose of visiting the hometown of Chu in Hubei and Hunan. "Sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south" refers to this kind of intense tour. At this time, young poets were in high spirits, sitting on the boat and enjoying the towering mountains on both sides of Wushan. Along the way, the scenery in front of me gradually changed. After the ship passed Jingmen, it was already a plain wilderness, with a broad horizon and a unique scene. "There is the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, and the river winds through the wilderness." The first sentence vividly describes the unique scenery on both sides of the Yangtze River after the ship leaves the Three Gorges and passes through Jingmen Mountain: the mountains gradually disappear, and the endless low plains are in front of us. Just like a moving picture taken with a set of focal planes, it gives people a sense of movement and space, depicting the movement trend of static mountains. "And the river winds through the wilderness" describes the momentum of the fast-flowing river. Looking from Jingmen in the distance, it seems to flow into the distant desert Yuan Ye. It seems that the sky is high and the realm is lofty. The last sentence is written as "Ru", which permeates the back of the paper and the language is appropriate. This scene contains the poet's cheerful mood and youthful vitality. After describing the landscape, the poet described the close-up and prospect of the Yangtze River from different angles by changing the scenery: "The moon rises like a mirror and the sea clouds twinkle like a palace." The Yangtze River flows below Jingmen, and the river twists and turns, and the flow rate slows down. At night, when the river is calm, look down at the reflection of the moon in the water, just like a mirror flying down from the sky; During the day, looking up at the sky, the clouds rise and change endlessly, forming a mirage-like spectacle. This is a wonderful view from Jingmen's vast plains and calm rivers. For example, in the Three Gorges of the mountains, because the pavilion is at midnight, there is no sunrise, the water is fragrant in summer, and the water on the river is rushing, it is difficult to see the underwater image of "the moon is like a mirror"; In the secret space of the Three Gorges, there is no wonder of "sea clouds flashing like palaces". This couplet takes the moon in the water as a round mirror, which sets off the calm of the river, and the clouds in the sky form a mirage, setting off the vast and high sky on the river bank, which has a strong artistic effect. The couplets of chin and neck vividly describe the fresh feelings of people living in Shu when they first walked out of the canyon and saw the vast plain. While enjoying the scenery around Jingmen, Li Bai couldn't help but feel homesick when facing the surging river flowing through his hometown: "The water has brought you a feeling of home and rowed your boat for 300 miles." Shu, where the river flows, is the hometown where he once raised him. It is impossible for him to leave for the first time without infinite nostalgia. But the poet doesn't mean missing his hometown, but the water in his hometown loves him. This poem describes the author's deep homesickness. This poem ends with strong nostalgia and farewell. There are endless words and endless feelings. I met Lin Zifang [Song] and Yang Wanli in Jingci Temple. After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that of June 4th. Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun. After all, pay attention to 1: after all, after all. ② Four seasons: originally refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and here refers to other seasons except June. ③ Infinite blue: green is boundless. (4) Another kind of red: abnormal red, which is different from ordinary red. The scenery of the West Lake in June is very beautiful! At this time, the scenery on the lake is very different from other seasons. The green lotus leaves are endless and connected to the horizon. In the morning sunshine, this lotus flower is particularly red. This poem was written when the poet sent his friend Lin Zifang away. Jingci Temple is a famous Buddhist temple near the West Lake. In the morning, the poet sent his friend out of the Buddhist temple, saw the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, and expressed the poet's praise for nature. The poet used the expression of grasping the part and taking the whole as a whole, focusing on describing the lotus leaf connected with the sky in green and the lotus flower reflecting the sun in red, highlighting the characteristics of the scenery of the West Lake in June. The last two sentences in the poem are also well-known famous sentences, which are often used to describe people and things with distinctive characteristics and outstanding achievements.