Nan Tang Li Yu
The rain gurgled outside the curtains.
Spring is fading away. ③
Allred-rochow is too cold to stand. ④
I don't know if I'm a dream guest.
A greedy day. ⑥
Don't lean on the fence alone,
Infinite mountains and rivers,
It's easier to see when it's not.
Running water is gone, and spring is gone.
Heaven and earth.
To annotate ...
The word was originally Tang Qu, also known as Lang Tao Sha Ling and Selling Hua Yin. Seven-character quatrains were often used in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Yu began to play long and short sentences in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Double tone, 54 words (slightly increased or decreased by Song people), even and even rhyme, this tone was played by Liu Yong and Zhou Bangyan as a long tune "Langtaoshaman", which is an exception. 2 gurgling sound: describe the sound of rain. 3 decay: decay. One is "will stop". ④ Luozhou (phonology): Silk quilt. Unbearable: I can't stand it. One is "tepid". ⑤ Being a guest: refers to being detained in Bianjing, like a prisoner. ⑥ One afternoon (music appreciation): a while, a while. Greedy for pleasure: refers to the pleasure in dreams.
judge
The first part uses the word flashback. It rains outside the curtain and it is colder, which is the aftermath of the dream. It is a dream to forget your identity and have a good time. Continuous spring rain and intermittent cold springs awaken lingering dreams, and make the lyric hero return to the bleak situation of real life. After love and love, it is actually the ratio of the past and the present. There is a sentence in Li Yu's Bodhisattva Man: "The dream of my old country has returned, and I am in tears." The writing situation is the same as this. But "Bodhisattva Man" is straightforward, while the words are tactfully tortuous. The natural environment and physical and mental feelings in ci are more symbolic and typical. The word "Mo" in the first sentence of the next movie "Mo Alone Column" can be pronounced in two ways: entering tone and leaving tone (dusk). Write "impartial column" because you look at the motherland and mountains and rivers by leaning on the column, which will cause infinite sadness. Write "leaning against the bar at dusk" because you look at the distant mountains and rivers at night and feel that "it is easier to see when you are away". You can say both. "Water Fades to Spring" echoes the last film "Spring Fades", but it also implies that there are not many days to come, and it is about to die. The phrase "heaven and earth" is quite confusing, and opinions vary. In fact, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will definitely be together. ""heaven and earth "is a proper noun, not a juxtaposition of heaven and earth. Li Yu, as used here, seems to refer to his final destination. It should be pointed out that the lyrical features of Li Yu's ci are good at expressing true feelings from his own life experience, natural, clear and implicit. This is the most natural thing in lyric poetry. Therefore, his words are sad and touching whether they hurt the spring or the old country. At the same time, Li Yu is good at combining his life experience with a high degree of artistic generalization. As the monarch of national subjugation, Li Yu seldom speaks in the words of emperors, but as an almost ordinary person, he communicates with each other emotionally and arouses the factors of * * *. "Young Beauty" (when is the spring flower and the autumn moon) is like this, and so are the words. In other words, "it is easy to see when it is difficult", that is to say, what people usually experience in life is a life experience. It is not so much a mourning for the emperor as a summary of the common experience when people leave. Li Yu's poems are mostly four or five crosses, and there are not many short words, but they are extremely rich and profound, which can't be done without a high degree of artistic generalization.
Enjoy 1
In the previous episode of Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua, the poet Hu Zai quoted the cloud of Xiqing Poetry: "After the Southern Tang Dynasty returned to Korea, every time I missed Jiangguo and concubines, I was unhappy and didn't talk to myself. He tasted a long and short sentence cloud:' It is raining outside the curtain', full of sadness and sorrow. " Therefore, the lyrics were written shortly before his death. It can be said that it is one of the representative works of Li Yu's later ci.
The first movie of Ci begins with flashbacks, describing what I heard when I woke up from my dream: the curtains hung down in the middle of the night, and the continuous rain came into my ears through the curtains; Seeing that beautiful spring scenery, accompanied by continuous drizzle, is about to become a thing of the past. The lyrics are written in the late spring night, and the rain is gurgling, revealing infinite feelings of cherishing and hurting spring. The environment is poor and the mood is sad. In particular, this "declining spring" is not only the reality of the festival in front of us, but also a symbol of the decline of the country and the coming end of personal life. How can such a scene not cause a sadness in the poet's heart? What's more, it is in such a "five colder" moment!
It's cold in the fifth watch, even with clothes on, I can't stand it. Therefore, "Luozhou can't stand the cold of five temperatures" is his feeling after waking up from a dream. This "feeling" is first of all to feel the extreme cold of the weather during the fifth watch, which is manifested as "Luozhou is impatient" This is an artistic technique commonly used in classical poetry to express the feelings of the crown by borrowing foreign objects. Wrote "into the bead curtain, wet silk curtain, Qiu Yi cold, cotton mat thin" ("Bai Xuege farewell Tian Shuji Wu home"), blame Leng Yun in August, is the successful use of this technique. Secondly, more importantly, this is not only a cold problem, but also a cold problem; After all, there is a limit to physical coldness, and we can try our best to resist and endure it, while chilling-the sadness in our hearts-is infinite and unbearable.
The ancient people's discussion on the structure of ci lies in its intermittence and continuity. The sentence "Luozhou can't stand the cold" is wonderful. It seems to be out of touch with the following two sentences, one is to finish the dream, and the other is to finish the dream, but in fact, the word and meaning are closely linked. After writing a dream, Luozhou can't stand the cold of five temperatures not only highlights the inner sadness after the dream, but also paves the way for describing the scene in the dream: since it is so painful and sad after waking up, it is better to stay awake for a long time. Because "I didn't know I was a guest in my dream, and I was greedy for pleasure for a day", only in my dream can I forget that I was a guest-the defeated monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the prisoner of the Great Song Dynasty, and only in my dream can I enjoy the joy of that moment. This lovely way of writing sets off the pain after the dream with the happiness in the dream, so as to see the pain after the dream and the abomination of the happiness in the dream more clearly. It is really clever. Unfortunately, the happiness in the dream is illusory, and the pain after the dream is real and cruel. No matter how subjectively you long for the happiness in the dream, it is only a "ring" after all. This article further highlights the tragic situation of this country after its occupation.
The next paragraph of the word begins like this: "Don't lean on the bar alone". "Loneliness" means the poet's loneliness; "Don't lean on the railing" is because you look from a distance, to see the attic of the old palace, and to satisfy the feeling of missing the old country. However, Bianjing is far from Jinling, and there is a "Wuji Mountain" in the middle. You can only want to see it, but you can only do nothing. What's more, this "Wuji Mountain" is not the site of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but the site of the Song Dynasty. Seeing this deserted land and the land that changed hands, is it not to increase the bitterness in your heart? Therefore, the "lean column" is not that the poet doesn't want to lean on the column, but that he can't lean on the column. This is a compulsory action to avoid infinite sadness caused by missing the old country. This kind of mood is actually more sad and sad.
"It's easier to say goodbye than to say goodbye"-"Goodbye" refers to when you surrender and are captured, bid farewell to Jinling, and are taken to Bianjing; "Seeing time" refers to the time when you are imprisoned in Bianjing, miss your hometown and want to see it again. The former is "easy" and the latter is "difficult". In this sharp contrast between ease and hardship, there are many poets' feelings about their homeland, mixed with a lot of sadness and regret! You know, the "parting" here is not a temporary parting, but a permanent parting, which is also the most painful parting in the world, not to mention how "easy"-isn't it worse for the country to be destroyed so easily? It's so difficult to meet again. Isn't it a death sentence for the poet?
The artistic strength of literary works lies in both authenticity and universality. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zai quoted Fu Zhai Man Lu in the back volume of Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, saying: "Yan Jiaxun said:' Nothing is easy, it is difficult, and it is important in ancient and modern times. From Jiangnan, crying to say goodbye. It is a custom in the north to disdain this matter, say goodbye in different ways and laugh at each other. Li Houzhu Guy used this language. So the long and short sentences become:' It's easier to see when you're away'. It can be seen that "it is easy to see when it is difficult" is not only a true expression of Li Yu's unique experience, thoughts and feelings, but also a high generalization of the ubiquitous parting and hating, which is also the reason why it can impress readers for thousands of years.
"The running water has come out of spring, and heaven and earth are also there!" The meaning between the lines is sadness, full of helpless emotions. Here, the poet uses vivid metaphors to further push the feelings of sadness, pain, sadness, regret, despair and hope to a climax. Chasing after the water, spring has passed, things are changing rapidly, and the good times are gone forever. I used to live a free imperial life in the sky, but now I live a captive life in the world. What a huge difference! This great change in life from "heaven" to "earth", that is, from the supreme emperor to the captive despised by others, is a tragedy for Li Yu personally, but it is also such a special experience that has brought vitality to Li Yu's creation. On the one hand, the life of the imprisoned and insulted "man" made his heart extremely painful, and he was truly expressed in his creation, which made his works emotional; On the other hand, although the life experience from the emperor to the prisoner is unique to Li Yu, it is common for ordinary people to experience great changes in their lives, which makes those who do not have Li Yu's unique experience infected, thus making the works gain long-term vitality.
This poem is sincere, sad and touching, which profoundly shows the poet's pain of national subjugation and the prisoner's worry, and vividly depicts the artistic image of a king who has conquered the country. As Wang Guowei said in "Ci on Earth", "Li Zhongguang's Ci is also beautiful. When I arrived in Li Houzhu, my eyes began to widen and I felt deeply. ..... Naturally, people hate that water is longer than the east,' running water is lighter than spring, and it is heaven and earth'. Can Jin Quan Huanhua have such weather? "