Is there Confucianism in Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow? Where is it reflected?

There have been controversies about the theme of Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, including the so-called love theory, political theme theory, dual theme theory and so on. The author of this article holds the theory of love. First of all, from the four aspects of the work, it is affirmed that the self-styled Yijing does not describe Li Yang's story in a didactic way like Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow, but takes "emotion" as the main theme, so that the hero's emotion touches the reader and makes it produce * *. It has achieved great success in aesthetics. This paper also analyzes the author's uniqueness in dealing with the relationship between historical themes, political themes, humanistic themes and psychological themes from the people, and further explains the aesthetic significance of the image of Tang Guifei. In the winter of the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong, 35-year-old Bai Juyi was awarded Zhouzhi County Order. At that time, he visited Xianyou Temple with friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu. When I heard that the story of Li Longji and Emperor Xuanzong Yang Guifei of the Tang Dynasty was circulated in the local area, I was deeply moved, so I wrote a long narrative poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Chen Hong wrote a biography for it. The Song of Eternal Sorrow has won countless readers in ancient and modern times with its unique charm. Even prostitutes in Chang 'an boasted that "I recited the Song of Eternal Sorrow by Baishi" at that time, and their value doubled. It is not only the author's self-affirmation, but also the voice of many readers. The theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow has always been the focus of debate among readers, and there are great differences in views, which can be roughly divided into three schools: one is the theme of love, which is considered to come from the constitutional school in the palace of works; Thirdly, the dual theme theory holds that it is inappropriate to regard this poem as a pure allegory or a love carol. It is the unity of exposure and praise, the interweaving of allegory and sympathy, the voice of sympathy for the love tragedy of Li and Yang, and the voice of regret for the mistakes of the country and the government. In addition, some people think that this poem is the author's expression of his frustrated love through the tragedy of Li and Yang. It needs to be analyzed from the work itself. Song of Eternal Sorrow is a song of Eternal Sorrow and a touching seed buried in the poem. However, the poet does not directly describe and express what he hates, but shows it to readers layer by layer through his poetic stories, realizing that people will try to figure it out and remember it. Poetry can be divided into four levels: the first level is from "the emperor of China, longing for the beauty that may shake an empire" to "the emperor's eyes can never fix enough on her". This paper describes how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty emphasized color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, who said, "If she just turned her head and smiled, she would have a hundred charms.". After entering the palace, Guiji was spoiled and charming, not only because of his "new kindness", but also because of his "her sisters and her brothers were given titles". After repeatedly rendering that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty got the imperial concubine, he was completely addicted to it. It also evokes and guides the whole poem. The second layer, from "until the war drum, from the boom of Yuyang, the earth shook" to "when he looked back later, the land of blood and tears", described the Anshi rebellion, Xuanzong fled, was forced to give the imperial concubine the death penalty, and wrote the internal cause of the "Song of Eternal Sorrow", which is the basis of the tragic story. The poet deliberately downplayed the Anshi rebellion caused by Xuanzong's dissolute and wrong country, but deliberately described where they would go. Readers are infected with a tragic atmosphere, rather than a rational criticism of history. Chen Hong's theory of "punishing stunners and suppressing chaos" in Song of Eternal Sorrow cannot be used as the writing motivation of this poem. The third layer, from "hiding in the yellow dust blown by a cold wind" to "not dreaming", describes the loneliness and sadness in Shu after Yang Guifei's death, and is still on the way to reminisce about the past, see the moon in the palace and stay overnight. It is a kind of "sad color" and "heartbreaking sound". When Chang 'an returned to Korea after the recovery, it was more important than Mark and that memory, that depression. Where is her white face? . After returning to the palace, Chi Yuan remained the same, much transformed, and his lovesickness was lingering, which was heartbreaking. On the fourth floor, from "there is a Tianke Taoist in Lingqiong" to "this worry is endless", it is written that Xuanzong sent an alchemist to find Yang Guifei. Finally, the imperial concubine reappeared in the fairyland and on the ethereal fairy mountain with the image of "tears falling on her sad white face, like spring rain falling on pear flowers". The expression of "love" has gone beyond the emotional entanglement between the emperor and the concubines, with more elements of the poet's subjective ideal, which has already gone beyond the scope of historical facts, showing the contradiction and conflict between subjective desire and objective reality. At the end of the sentence, "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever "is the sigh and voice of love." It is a lament that love is dominated by fate and destroyed by political ethics. The depth of this hatred has gone beyond time and space and entered an infinite realm. In this way, the poet expressed the persistence of love with the song of everlasting regret, which also pointed out the theme of the whole poem. Therefore, we think that "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is not a political satire poem, but a poem praising love. If Where Should Li and Yang Go is a love tragedy, then the historical theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow is a love story between emperors based on historical facts, and the protagonist of the story is a key figure in the historical turning point of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the deep-rooted traditional concept of attaching importance to morality and distinguishing between love and hate, readers often wander between historical truth and artistic truth, or confuse the evaluation of historical figures with literary criticism. Or use ethical criticism instead of aesthetic evaluation, resulting in confusion and inconsistency in understanding. This disagreement probably existed when Bai Juyi wrote this poem. At that time, Bai Juyi, Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu talked about the story of Xuanzong and Yang Fei. Wang Zhifu said, "Lotte is deeper than poetry and more than lovers. How about trying to sing? " He expects Bai Juyi to express his love. Chen Hongze didn't. He thinks that Bai Juyi wrote "Song of Eternal Sorrow", which "not only feels about it, but also wants to punish the stunner, stifle its chaos and hang its future." (2) Give the Song of Eternal Sorrow the meaning of ethical preaching. Bai Juyi himself thinks that this poem expresses "all kinds of amorous feelings", unlike Qin Zhongyin and his new lover. Reason works in the heart. (3) The theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow centered on "love" is always swirling in the whole poem. When Bai Juyi takes "emotion" as the object of description, the emotion recognized by everyone will rush to the pen with its inherent beauty of human nature, which cannot be contained. Even if he is satirical, as long as he goes deep into the emotional field, his works will not appear in the form of satirical preaching. "There has never been Chen Hong's idea of" punishing stunners and smothering chaos ",but the result of writing is a love description full of the author's feelings. According to normal artistic feelings, it is difficult for readers to feel that women are a disaster, and the love between Li and Yang is the fundamental reason for the decline of the Tang Dynasty. If Bai Juyi really writes this story as a satirical poem, then the "stunner" full of satire and preaching in the whole poem can hardly compete with this article. Poets take history as material, not limited to historical facts. He strives for a balance between literature and history, transcends the limitations of time and space, resonates with people's feelings in a general sense, and thus achieves aesthetic success. While collecting books, readers even ignore the root of this love tragedy. This aesthetic consciousness is completely focused on the lingering feelings between Li and Yang. The pathos, everlasting regret, touching legend and illusory fairyland in Where Are You Going completely bring readers into a transparent and pure world, which is free from the noise and filth of the world, embodies the poet's thoughts and accumulates the ideals of readers of all ages. A yearning for true feelings has made this poem gain eternal charm. According to the story of Song of Eternal Sorrow, two plots of "People's Palace's special favor" and "Ma Wei's sudden change" were recorded in history, which mainly involved the problem of "special favor" and related historical concepts such as "female disaster". In the middle Tang dynasty, it was stubborn. The special charm of Li and Yang's stories is inseparable from their political contents. This story has just become the center and fuse of an Shi rebellion, an important historical event. Because the power structure and political system of feudal society put the emperor at the center of political life, the rise and fall of the world depended on the monarch alone, which caused problems for the monarch. Therefore, when summing up the lessons of this historical event, people can basically only focus on the political history of the palace. The relationship between Li and Yang has therefore become the central topic of discussion. However, after the introduction of the two central figures and the determination of the target of condemnation, the stories of Li and Yang did not smoothly develop into a political explanation mode of mourning morality, famine and national disaster, but turned to the theme of praising female beauty and loyal love, which basically belonged to folklore. Therefore, in this theme change, the folk narrative mode and the public psychology it reflects play a key role. Of course, the change of this theme also includes the important issue of Yang Guifei's image change. This is also one of the basic reasons for the success of Song of Eternal Sorrow. It conforms to the general trend of beauty and love works, meets the general needs of human feelings, and does not go against this trend to overemphasize the political significance of the story.