Li Bai and Du Fu are the two peaks of poetry in the Tang Dynasty and even the peaks of ancient Chinese literature. We call them the "Immortal of Poetry" and the "Sage of Poetry" respectively. They both experienced the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty. A history of great turmoil. Facing this troubled world, they formed completely different poetic artistic styles and personal personalities.
The style of Li Bai's poetry was formed during the most powerful period of the Tang Empire. It centered on expressing personal feelings and sang the desire and pursuit of personal value for a free life. ("History of Chinese Literature") His poems are free and unrestrained, clear, smooth, imaginative, rich and magnificent. He inherited the romantic tradition since "Chu Ci" and developed his own unique style.
Du Fu's poetic style was formed during the Anshi Rebellion and gradually took shape in the suffering. Du Fu went deep into society and was concerned about politics and people's livelihood, and attached great importance to realism. He shouldered the heavy responsibility for the country and the nation and faithfully depicted the appearance of the times and his own inner feelings. Du Fu "never forgets you even if you don't have food", and his artistic style is melancholy and frustrating. From the mid-Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, Du Fu's realistic style was inherited. In particular, the Jiangxi Poetry School in the Song Dynasty was regarded by Du Fu as the ancestor. His influence was huge.
Li Bai read a lot of books when he was young. "When he was five years old, he recited Liujia, and when he was ten years old, he observed hundreds of schools of thought." Princes". ("History of Chinese Literature") He traveled widely when he was young. All of this had a significant impact on the formation of Li Bai's free and unrestrained character, and directly led to the formation of the romantic style of his poetry. Li Bai favored martial arts over Confucianism, despised wealth and loved charity, and liked to drink heavily. His life ideal is both detached and worldly. His personality charm is also unmatched by others.
Du Fu came from a family of officials, and his grandfather Du Shenyan was an important poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Therefore, for Du Fu, being an official and poetry were both family businesses. He once said to his son, "Poetry is my family's business." Du Fu was deeply educated in Confucian culture and had a lifelong desire to assist the king. Coupled with his own poverty throughout his life, this formed his character of caring about the country and the people. His poetry therefore focuses on realism.
Li Bai spent his whole life wandering between being an official and doing something high. In "The Difficult Road to Shu", he focused on describing the beautiful and breathtaking mountains and rivers on the road between Qin and Shu, revealing some concerns about society. He said, "The Yellow Crane cannot fly past" and "The sword pavilion is towering and Cui Wei". This may be A metaphor for his depression and frustration with the chaotic political situation at that time. In his "Difficult Journey", he described his difficult situation by saying, "I can't eat when I stop my cup and throw chopsticks. I draw my sword and look around with my heart at a loss. I want to cross the Yellow River and the river is blocked by ice, but I will wait until the Taihang Mountains are covered with snow." Due to the favor of Gao Lishi Yang Guozhong at that time, all the wise men were kept outside the imperial court, so he lamented that "it is difficult to travel, it is difficult to travel. There are many divergent roads, but now we are safe", but his optimistic nature made him The pursuit of ideals is persistent. He sang a strong voice of confidence and outlook, "There will be times when the wind and waves break, and the clouds and sails will hang directly on the sea." In "Nostalgia for the Past at Night in Niuzhu", he wrote, "I boarded the boat and looked at the autumn moon, remembering General Xie in the sky. I can also chant loudly, but this man cannot hear it." He borrowed the allusion of Xie Shangzhi and Yuan Hong to show that he had no talent and longed for a close friend. mood. All the above show that Li Bai was positive about his official career. On the other hand, Li Bai was influenced by Taoism, and from time to time he had the idea of ??transcending the world, and he also lived in seclusion in the mountains. In "Lu Shi Yu Xuzhou from afar" he said, "I am a madman of Chu, and the song of the phoenix laughs at Confucius. Holding a green jade staff, I bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower. The five mountains are not far away in search of mountains, and I will enjoy traveling to famous mountains in my life." It shows his belief in Taoism, his ridicule of Confucianism, and his desire to escape from the world and pursue a life of gods. In "Sleepwalking in Tianmu's Farewell", he described fantastic dreams and expressed his yearning for the world of gods. Finally, he said, "An Neng can attract the rich and powerful, which makes me unhappy", which shows his ambition to be clean and self-sufficient. It can be said that Li Bai's life was surrounded by the contradiction between worldliness and worldliness.
But Du Fu is much simpler. He spent his life seeking officialdom. "Being a Confucian scholar and serving as an official, he has not lost his career" ("Jin Diao Fu Biao"). He believed all his life that he could one day "bring the emperors Yao and Shun to the throne, and then make the people's customs pure." This spirit has always permeated the lines of Du Fu's poems in his seven-line "Climbing the Tower": "Flowers approaching high buildings hurt the hearts of guests, and it is difficult to climb here. The spring scenery of Jinjiang comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of jade barrier change the past and present. The Arctic court will never change, and the Xishan bandits will Don't invade each other. The poor queen returns to the temple, and sings for Liang Fu at dusk. "This poem embodies the characteristics of Du Fu's poetry. The poem starts with the scenery to elicit the author's mood, and "I feel the flowers splashing with tears, and I hate to see the birds startled." "Heart" also has a touching contrast. Then he wrote about the "difficult situation in all directions", and finally wrote about his personal revenge. He wanted to make contributions like Zhuge Liang. The whole poem expresses the scenery and expresses the connection between mountains and rivers and the changes in society through the ages. It talks about human affairs and uses natural scenery to interpenetrate and tolerate each other. Combining natural scenery, national disasters and personal emotions, it reflects the poet's melancholy and frustrated style. His poem "I heard that the army was taking Henan and Hebei" "It was suddenly heard outside the sword that Jibei was being taken, and my clothes were filled with tears when I first heard about it. But I saw where my wife was worried, and she was filled with poems and books and was wild with joy. When singing in the daytime, I have to drink too much, and my youth is a good companion for returning home. "That is, crossing the Wu Gorge from Ba Gorge, then going down to Xiangyang to Luoyang." It was written about the poet's joy after hearing the news after the Tang army conquered Anshi's hometown. The whole poem leaves a deep impression on people with its flowing rhymes, sincere emotions and fast rhythm. The whole poem of his "Ascend the High" has neat contrasts, and the scene description and lyricism are integrated into one.
The first two couplets describe the scenery, while the last two couplets combine with one's own aging and attribute it to the root cause of poverty and desolation. Among them, "The endless falling trees rustle and the endless Yangtze River rolls in." is a famous saying through the ages.
In terms of poetic style, it is said that Li Bai is good at the style of ancient songs and the five or seven quatrains. His free and unrestrained personality makes him not limited to rhythm and rhyme. His "The Road to Shu is Difficult" is of varying lengths, and his "Xuan" The first two sentences of "Zhou Xie Tiao Lou Farewell School Book Cloud" use prose syntax: "Those who abandon me will not be able to stay in yesterday's day, and those who mess up my heart will be troubled today." The syntax of prose is used. Du Fu is good at music and rhythm, and is good at presentation and comparison. Therefore, rhythmic poetry, especially Qilu, is his strength. Li Bai is slightly inferior to Du Fu in terms of the beauty of the poem's sound and form. In terms of style and beauty, Li Bai's elegant and heroic style and conversation are naturally something that others cannot imitate. Li Bai expresses his thoughts directly, and he laughs loudly when he is happy and trumpets when he is sad. Du Fu's poems are mostly subtle, melancholy and full of twists and turns. This is also one of the reasons why young people like Li Bai more and mature people like Du Fu more.
Li Bai loves all the beautiful things in real life and has no scruples in scorning unreasonable phenomena. This attitude of being trapped by reality but unwilling to accept those who want to conquer reality is opposite but essentially the same as Du Fu's realist spirit of always watching and caring about the fate of the people of the motherland with serious compassion. In Han Yu's words: "Li and Du's articles are as bright as ever." Their artistic achievements and high integrity will always be representatives of Chinese culture.
The poetic styles of Li Bai and Du Fu
The "Poetic Immortal" Li Bai and the "Poetic Saint" Du Fu are typical representatives of two Chinese literary styles - romanticism and realism. The master has a profound influence on future generations. The two major schools they represent coincide with two different cultural industry policies.
Li Shi’s imagination is unique and wild, making it difficult to imitate and learn. It can be said that the content overflows the form, such as “If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea and never returns. If you don’t see it, the mirror in the high hall turns white sadly. "The hair is like blue silk in the morning and turns into snow in the evening. If you are proud of life, you must have all the joy, don't let the golden bottle stand in the sky" and so on. It is full of joy and genius. It seems that there are no rules to follow, but it is wonderful, strange and incredible.
Du's poems are majestic and majestic, but their content is closer to reality, approachable and easy to understand, and their form is more neat and regular. Because of its regularity in form and content, Du's poetry can serve as a model for imitation. We can seek beauty, explore beauty and create beauty within the rules and circles he established
"Jade Steps Resentment" Li Bai
White dew grows on the jade steps and invades the stockings at night. But under the crystal curtain, I gazed at the exquisite autumn moon.
"Luoyang Street" Li Bai
Whose family is Bai Yu? Return to the car and cross to Tianjin. Looking at the flowers on the east road alarmed the people of Luoyang
"Silent Night Thoughts" Li Bai
Looking at the moonlight in front of the bed, I suspected it was frost on the ground. Looking up at the mountains and the moon, looking down at my hometown.
"Xue Xian from Brother Yu Chengzai" Li Bai
Last night in Liang Yuan, Brother Han didn't know. Looking at the jade tree in front of the court, my heart breaks and I remember the branches.
"Gift to Wang Lun (Bai traveled to Peach Blossom Pond in Jing County, villager Wang Lun often brewed fine wine to wait for the white wine)" Li Bai
Li Bai was about to leave in a boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore.
The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun’s love for me.
"Farewell to the Monk of Donglin Temple" Li Bai
At the drop-off place in Donglin, the moon rises and the white ape crows. Smiling goodbye, Lushan Mountain is far away, so why bother crossing Huxi River.
"The Yellow Crane Tower sends Meng Haoran to Guangling" Li Bai
The old friend bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks descended from Yangzhou in March.
The solitary sail can be seen in the distance and the blue mountains are gone, only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky.
"Congratulations to the guests on their return to Vietnam" Li Bai
The flowing water of Jinghu Lake is clear and clear, and many crazy guests return to their boats to enjoy themselves.
If the Shanyin scholars meet each other, they should write that Huangting exchanges for white goose.
"Send Judge Lu to Pipa Gorge" Li Bai
The autumn night in the Water Kingdom is not the time of farewell. Chang'an is like a dream, when is the day to return?
"I was awarded the egret and sent the Song Shaofu to the Three Gorges" Li Bai
With one kick of the egret fist, the moon is bright and the autumn water is cold. The man was startled and flew away, heading straight towards Shijuntan.
"North Wind" Du Fu
The north wind breaks through the Antarctic, and the red phoenix is ??majestic. Dongting is about to snow in autumn, and the wild geese will return safely.
The murderous spirit has been strong for ten years, and Liuhe is sparsely populated. I admire the Han Dynasty when I was old, and when I was young, I was like a rhizome.
"Guests from" Du Fu
The guests came from Nanming and left behind my spring guest beads. There are hidden words in the beads, and I cannot write them down if I try to identify them.
Keep the box sealed for a long time in case the official needs it. The sight turns into blood, and the sorrow is gone.
"White Horse" Du Fu
The white horse comes from the northeast, with two arrows in the empty saddle. Poor horseman, who can see his spirit now?
The master will kill in the near future, and fight in the middle of the night. Many families died in mourning, crying like raindrops.
"Li Jianzhai" Du Fu
Shangjue Wang Sungui has a strong sense of wealth and wealth. The golden peacock is spread out on the screen, and the hibiscus is hidden on the mattress.
If you eat Pisces, who cares if it smells bad? The gate is full of joy, and the son-in-law rides on a dragon.
"Re-titled Zheng's East Pavilion (in Xin'anjie)" by Du Fu
Huating enters the green and subtle, and the autumn light is chaotic. Collapsed rocks hit the mountain trees, and clear ripples trailed the water clothes.
Purple scales rush to the shore, and blue falcons return to protect their nests. Looking for the road to the evening, the remaining clouds fly beside the horse.
"Gift to Li Bai" Du Fu
When autumn comes, Shang Piaopeng looks at each other, but he is ashamed of Ge Hong for the cinnabar.
Who is the hero who spends his days drinking and singing wildly, flying high and domineering?
"Spring Hope" Du Fu
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation. The flowers shed tears when I feel grateful, and the birds are frightened by the hatred.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold. The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the hairpin is full of lust.
"Moon" Du Fu
Autumn is approaching in the sky, and the shadow of the moon on earth is clear. The toad that enters the river will not disappear, and the rabbit that brews medicine will live forever.
It only benefits the pain of the heart, and can add whiteness to the invention. The whole land will be known by fighting, but the western camp of the country will not be taken care of.
"Leaving farewell to Jia Yan's two pavilions and two courtyards to make up the palace (deyun character)" Du Fu
The countryside must be left temporarily, and the soldiers and horses are reluctant to leave the group. I leave poems to say goodbye when I go far away, and I am too sad to be drunk.
It rains often in autumn, but today it is cloudless. The horn is blown on the mountain road, and it can be heard everywhere.
"Late Travel Slogan" Du Fu
Three rivers cannot be reached, and the way back is thick with mountains at night. The falling geese float on the cold water, and the hungry crows gather in the garrison.
The city and the dynasty are different today. When will the mourning and chaos end? I am far ashamed of Mr. Liang Jiang, but I still have blackheads in my family.