What does' s'st'do mean in English poetry?

I'll introduce an article to you, hoping it will help you. Rhythm poetry is a musical language. One of the greatest characteristics of musical works is that the flow of notes is rhythmic. The so-called rhythm means that strong beat and weak beat cooperate in a certain form and appear regularly and repeatedly. Anyone who knows something about music knows that there are two basic rhythms in music, namely strong-weak (2/4 beat) and strong-weak-weak (3/4 beat). Give two simple examples: the rhythm of Dongfanghong is strong-weak: 556 │ 2-1kloc-0/6 │ 2-55 │ 6i65 │116 │ 2-Happy New Year. +0355 │ 432-│ 2344 │ 3231│1325 │ 721-China's ancient poems are rhythmic. Its rhythm is mainly expressed by the unique tone of Chinese characters. Traditional Chinese has four tones: flat, rising, going and entering. Ping calls himself "flat sound", and the three sounds of up, out and in are collectively called sound. The combination of flat voice and low voice appears repeatedly, which is the rhythm of China's poetry. For example, the most common rhythm of five-character quatrains is: even and even. Flat and light, flat and light. Wang Zhihuan's Waiting for the Stork Tower: The mountains cover the daytime, and the sea drains the golden river. Further, this poem is such a rhythm. Among them, the word "desire" is a derogatory term and does not conform to the format. However, according to the metrical requirements, the first word of a line of poetry can be even or even. English poetry also has rhythm. There is no difference between flat tone and flat tone in English, but there is a difference between stressed syllables and light syllables, and its rhythm is expressed by stressed syllables and light syllables. The rhythm of English poetry is that a stressed syllable and one or two light syllables are collocated according to a certain pattern and appear regularly and repeatedly. As we know, all English words with more than two syllables are divided into stressed syllables and light syllables. In a sentence, according to the requirements of grammar, intonation and semantics, some words should be stressed and some words should be read lightly. For example, Hewenttowntobuyabook .. I'm mgladtoHeartthenews. English is divided into stressed syllables and light syllables. Stressed syllables and lightly read syllables are combined according to a certain pattern and repeated to form a poem, which sounds ups and downs and cadences, forming the rhythm of poetry. Disyllabic words have stress and secondary stress, which can be regarded as stress and light reading according to rhythm. Read the following two poems: Alone, she cut and tied the grain, singing AME, Rancho and Kristen. The fixed collocation pattern of two lines of poetry is: light-heavy. Each line is reproduced four times, thus forming the rhythm of these two lines of poetry. Some fixed light and heavy collocation is called "foot", which is equivalent to "bar" in music score. Light and heavy are the steps of these two lines of poetry. The number of times light and heavy collocations appear in a line of poetry is called steps. These two lines of poetry have four steps, so they are called four-step poems. Two common types of footsteps consist of light reading and stress reading. According to the different collocation methods of stress and light reading, different types of steps can be divided. Different types of steps will naturally lead to different rhythms. The most common types of steps are as follows: (1) iambic If there are two syllables in a step, the former is light and the latter is heavy, then this step is called iambic step, and its technical term is (iamb, iambic. ). Light reading is "inhibition" and stress is "promotion", so it is called iambic. There are a large number of words in English, and their pronunciations are light and heavy, such as admiration, excitement, superiority, surrounding, appearance, desire, attack, supply, belief, return and so on. So it is convenient to write English poems in iambic. In other words, iambic rhymes conform to the rules of English pronunciation. So iambic is the most commonly used in English poetry, and 90% of English poetry is written in iambic. The first two poems are iambic poems. (2) If there are two syllables in a cadence, the former is heavy and the latter is light, then this cadence is called cadence, and its technical term is (trochee, trochaic. ). It is called yang suppression when it is serious and "suppression" when it is light. It is the opposite of iambic. There are also a number of words in English that are pronounced as "emphasizing one thing over another", such as happy, many, holy, yonder, headline, flaming, upper, grandeur, failure and so on. It is appropriate to write poems that praise and restrain cases. However, the number of such words in English is not as much as before, which is not in line with the language rules of English, so there are not many poems in ascending and descending cases. Give two examples of poems: present \ u mirthhas \ u Laudershakespearshakeyour \ u chains to \ u earth \ U Shelley(3) iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic iambic example: Byron's next four lines are iambic: Theassyr │ iancamedown │ like a wolf │ folding, and hisch │ Orswereglea │ Minginpurp │ LeandGold. When the blue waves crossed the night sky, her light shone like a star. -Destroy sennacherib This is a poem written by Byron, which describes that the ancient Assyrians besieged Jerusalem and were attacked by the plague. The word "wave" in the second step of the fourth line can be light or heavy. Sennacherib in the poem is the king of Assyria. Fold refers to sheep, while purpleandgold describes the clothes of Assyrian troops in Galilee and Lake Galilee in northern Palestine. Legion, sheen, light. (4) the case of promoting inhibition is heavy-light-light is the case of promoting inhibition, and the technical terms are: finger shape and finger quality. Examples: happiness, kindness, eloquence, messenger, Merrill Lynch, appropriateness, events, quantity. Example: Drag blonde hair. Davis: Villain. There are more than a dozen types of footsteps in English poetry, of which four are common, and the first is the most common. In addition, inhibition cases (pyrihic [/peirik] and Yang Yangge [spondee[/sp:ndi]) often appear in poems. It should be noted that these types of steps are only theoretical analysis. In fact, a poem has only one type of steps, which is rare. Most of them are based on one type, interspersed with other types. If a poem contains only one kind of steps, it will appear very monotonous and mechanical. As long as a poem is dominated by a certain type, although other types are interspersed in the middle, it is also called a case. For example, written with iambic as the main rhythm is called iambic poem. Some modern free poems are not restricted by these rules. A line of three-line poem (1) is not necessarily a complete sentence. The first letter of each line in English poetry is capitalized, but a line is not necessarily a complete sentence, nor does it necessarily express a complete meaning. Sometimes, a line of poetry is just a sentence, and sometimes two or more lines make up a sentence, and the meaning is complete. The former is called end-stoppedline and the latter is called run-online. This is one of the biggest differences between English poetry and China poetry. China's poems all express a complete meaning in one line. Look at the following poem: ishotanarrowintotheair, itfelltearth, iknewnotwhere because, so, light is invisible in flight. The first two lines are end-stoppedline and the last two lines are run-online. Read a cross-line poem with a short pause at the end. Sentences between lines are very common in English poetry, and sometimes it takes ten lines to form a complete sentence. People who have just learned English poetry are often not used to it. We should pay attention to this. (2) The length of a line of poetry is calculated according to the number of steps: the length of an English poem is generally one step-five steps. There are also six, seven and eight steps, but not many. Most of them are poems with four steps and five steps. (Various technical terms of long and short lines: one-step poem: one-step poem: two-step poem: three-step poem: four-step poem: five-step poem: six-step poem: eight-step poem. When analyzing the meter of a poem, it is necessary to study the basic meter types of this poem. Look at the following short poem: anemptyhoussaelex anderpopeyoubeat │ Your pat and fan │ cywit │ will come: knock for │ Go ahead │ There is no one at home. You pat your head and feel that inspiration will come soon. Knock all you want. Nobody will open the door. Head, head. Imagine, verb: think, imagine. The basic iambic type of this poem is iambic, with five steps per line. So the rhyme of this poem is called iambicpentameter. The beat of a poem is composed of the type and number of steps contained in the line. English poetry generally rhymes. fullrhymeandhalfrhyme。 The whole rhyme is strict, and the requirements are: (1) rhyme should be placed on stressed syllables, and its vowels should be consistent; (2) The consonants before vowels should be different; (3) If there is a consonant after a vowel, it should be the same. (4) If there are light syllables after stressed syllables, they should be the same. The following pairs of words all meet the standard of rhyme: why-sigh; Hate-late; Fight-happiness; Power-flowers; Today-leave; Ending-bending. If only the vowels are the same and the pronunciation is different, it does not conform to the whole rhyme: for example, blood-hood；; There-here; Went alone; This situation is called "eye rhyme". Although poets sometimes use it, it is not a real rhyme. Only the consonants are the same or only the vowels are the same: the vowels are different, and the front and back consonants are the same, which is called harmony, such as: black, block; Creak, quack; Reader, rider; Despise, punish. The vowels are the same, and then the consonants are the same, which is called harmony, such as lake and fate; Time, mind. (2) Ending rhyme and ending rhyme are placed on the last stressed syllable of a line, which is called ending rhyme. This is the most common rhyming part in English poetry. The rhyme between the stressed syllable paused in the middle of a line and the last stressed syllable of the line is called in-line rhyme. Such as: spring, sweet spring, is a year of leisure; Thenbloomseachthing, Thenmaidsdanceinaring, (3) The rhyme between male rhyme and female rhyme (male rhyme and female rhyme) is limited to the last syllable stressed in the poem line, which is called male rhyme, also called single rhyme, which sounds very powerful. Such as: late, fate; Hill, fill; Enjoy, destroy. Rhyme is placed on two syllables, and the last syllable is not stressed, which is called female rhyme or double rhyme, which sounds light or graceful. Such as: lighting lights and fighting; Sports, the ocean; Victory, start. Look at this poem: I'm coming, little girl, there is no pleasant sunshine; No honey from bees, no flowers from trees. The first two lines rhyme with women, and the last two lines rhyme with men. There are also many English poems that don't rhyme. A poem that doesn't rhyme is called blankverse. It is often used in drama and narrative poetry. Shakespeare's plays and Milton's Paradise Lost are both written in blank verse. Rhyme poetry is called rhymedverse, which is the difference between blank poetry and free verse. Although blank verse does not rhyme, it has a fixed rhythm, and the promotion and suppression of pentameter is the most common. The rhythm of free verse is not fixed, just like the vernacular. About the author's poems and songs: playwrights and poets (1564— 16 16). He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets in his life. Most of his sonnets are dedicated to an aristocratic youth, and more than 20 of them are dedicated to a "Dark Lady" (TheDarklady's 55438+0 Sonnet18 Shalicompare TheetoSummer's Day? Rough sandstorm in May, Darling in May, quiet sea in summer, and sometimes even darkness. And andeveryfairfromfirstlines, accidental or natural changingcourse, untimmbutthyeternalsummershallnotfade, norlosepossessionofhatfairthouow 'st; When Saint Solomon was a man who could breathe, Solomon was alive, which gave him a life. Note: Contrast what to do. The second person is a singular pronoun, the former nominative and the latter accusative. It has been replaced by you. Its possessive case is yours, or yours, which is your in modern English. Art=are. 16, 17 century use with you. Temperate zone: from Latin temperātus, the stress can be put back in order to conform to the rhyme rules. Shake: shake off. Lease term, here refers to the length of summer. Has is used with the third person singular, which is equivalent to has in modern English. Darken: cloudy. Fairformfair: Beauty in beauty. Fair has different meanings before and after. Beautiful decline. Opportunity: extreme fate, luck, fate. From the plane theme, accidental, or natural changes, every beauty always loses her beauty. Even if there is no emergency, she can't escape the changes of nature. Sometimes: some versions are called "a certain time": atsomeuncommitted time. Untrimmed: Untrimmed. The original meaning is to take off beautiful clothes, etc. Take away beauty, etc. Beautiful you. Owen and own were very common in Shakespeare's time. Add -st or-esthessesshade: the shadow of death after the second person singular in old English. "Death to the North Bratthouwander' StithisShade": "Death cannot boast that you are wandering in his shadow". ST: yougrowaslonglastest of Totimethourow Live as long as time. Growto=beincorporatedwith。 Content analysis: the development and change of this poem: starting with people comparing with summer and ending with people conquering nature. The first four lines indicate that people are more beautiful and gentler than summer; The fourth line develops this meaning, which leads to the feeling that the face is unskilled; The third group had a new idea, overturned the preface, and finally ended in the last two lines of victory. This poem expresses the idea that good things can be immortal with the help of literature; Literature is created by people, so it declares the immortality of people. Therefore, this poem is not an ordinary love poem. Formal analysis: Sonnet: Sonnet, that is, "Shanglai Style" poem. The origin of this poem is unknown. The earliest examples appeared in13rd century, and in Britain in16th century. There are two main varieties: Italian and English. The Italian poet Petrarch [/petra:k] is best at using this kind of poetic style, so the Italian poetic style is also called Petrarch poetic style. English style was founded by Shakespeare, also known as Shakespeare's sonnets. Italian is divided into the first eight lines and the last six lines. Rhyme ends with abba, abba; cde，dcd。 . Shakespearean sonnets are divided into the first four lines, the middle four lines, the last four lines and the last two lines. The ending is: abab, cdcd, efef, gg. The metric system is iambic pentameter. Should I compare it every day? (a) Thou art ... more love ... ly and more tem ... PERATE-:(b) Rough winds ... DOShake ... The DAR ... Lingbeads ... of May (a) and sum ... mer's ease ... Too short ... Adate (b). Sometimes ... too hot ... the eye ... of HEA ... Vens (c) and (d) and Eve │ Ryfair │ From Fair │ sometimes declined, (c) accidentally, accidentally, accidentally; (d) But don't forget (e) Don't lose (have) a fair eye; (f) The shadow of death will not brag. Sometimes the giant eyes of heaven will glow with burning light, and his golden face will become dull. Everything is beautiful, and it will always fade away and be destroyed by opportunity or natural metabolism; But your eternal summer will never wither, and you will never lose your beautiful manners; Death cannot boast that you wander in his shadow, but you will be with time in immortal poems; As long as human beings are breathing and eyes can see, my poems will live and keep your life going.