First, pay attention to the title and the topic.
The title of ancient poetry is often the eyes and soul of the whole poem, which plays a guiding role in understanding the whole poem and is the starting point for interpreting the whole poem. Therefore, paying attention to the title of poetry is of great significance for determining the theme of poetry, tasting the language of poetry and judging the expressive skills of poetry.
Generally speaking, the title of a poem has obvious hints and generalizations about the content of the poem. Some headlines express events and emotions. Some topics are the purpose and writing background of the essay; Some topics reveal the seasons or seasonal characteristics related to poetry; Some topics go straight to the center. Therefore, sometimes grasping the topic will generally grasp the basic content of poetry.
Poetry appreciation answering skills: poetry appreciation
For example, the national college entrance examination in 2004: read the following poem and then answer this question.
Melancholy Qiu Si
Ji Zhang
Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang, I long for a writer's book.
There is no fear in the hurry, and pedestrians are coming.
Question: Wang Anshi commented on the style of Zhang Ji's poems: "It seems to be the most unusual, easy and difficult to achieve." What "ordinary" details did Zhang Ji write in this poem? What kind of feelings did he express?
Appreciation: The first question of this topic is very simple. As long as the content of the poem is roughly summarized, we can draw a conclusion: when the letter from home is about to be sent, we feel that we have something to say, so we "unseal it". The second question involves the emotion of poetry, which seems complicated, but in fact it is simple. First of all, we know from the word "Qiu Si" that this poem should be a nostalgic or contemplative work.
Another example is the national new curriculum standard of 20 12 general college entrance examination: read the following Song lyrics and complete the following questions.
Philip Burkart people.
Yan Dao Ji
Red leaves and yellow flowers are in late autumn, and thousands of miles miss travelers. Clouds and fog disperse, and no letter returns to the flood. Where can I send books?
Tears are endless, so I spin ink on the inkstone. I gradually wrote goodbye, and the red note was colorless in the depths of this feeling.
Question 1: What kind of feelings does this word express? What is the role of the phrase "red leaves and yellow flowers in late autumn" in expressing this feeling?
Question 2: What is the relationship between spinning ink on inkstone and dripping water by the window? What is the reason why "red notes are colorless"? Please analyze it briefly.
Analysis: the first question: this word expresses deep yearning for distant pedestrians. The first sentence rises, drawing the special color of late autumn with red leaves and yellow flowers, rendering the sad atmosphere of parting and adding endless thoughts to distant pedestrians.
The second question: the relationship between "grinding ink on the inkstone" and "dripping ink under the window" "grinding ink on the inkstone" means grinding ink under tears and writing books under tears. The reason is that the red note is soaked with tears. Because of deep feelings, the hero between the lines kept crying when writing a book, and tears fell on the paper, so the red note lost its color.
We can clearly see that when we answer the first question, we can see from the title-"Philip Burkart People" that this is a poem written by Philip Burkart. "Philip Burkart people" means yearning for pedestrians from afar.
In addition, poems such as Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Bai Juyi's Nostalgia on a Winter Night in Handan, and Liu's Complaining about People can all show the thoughts and feelings expressed by the authors from their titles, such as happiness, homesickness and resentment.
Second, read the notes and grasp the tips.
In college entrance examination questions, in order to reduce the difficulty of appreciation, proposers often list notes on the difficulties that affect understanding and appreciation. Some of these notes indicate the pronunciation and meaning of uncommon words, some introduce the situation related to the writing background, and so on. Notes are often a key, which helps to open the door to accurate understanding and appreciation of ancient poetry and can not be ignored.
For example, the national college entrance examinations in Ningxia and Hainan in 2007:
Xiao Zhai is that thing.
liu yi zhi
Sad piano straight, love chess depending on the situation. If you don't use it, how can you remember the court merchants?
The older you get, the clumsier you get. Although these two things go hand in hand, there is no difference between ups and downs.
Note ① Liu Yi: Song Huizong Xuanhe was a scholar for three years (1 12 1), and once served as the censor. According to records, he was dismissed for "worrying about Qin Gui".
Q: Why did the author write Qin and Qi? What kind of feelings does he want to express when playing chess?
Analysis: The author wrote Qin and Qi, which are the keepsakes to express his ambition. He used the "quality" of Qin and Qi to express his ambition: square and square. It is precisely because of his own products that the world is becoming more and more sparse, and everything is hindered, leaving him alone in his own nest, which has nothing to do with the rise and fall of the country. These are all expressed.
If you don't pay attention to the notes and don't understand the situation of the author's dismissal, it will be difficult to give the correct answer, and even think that this expresses self-satisfaction and narcissism.
Third, know the author and the world.
Knowing the author's life, thoughts, background and style when appreciating poetry is helpful to understand and grasp the content of his works. For example, in terms of creative style, Tao Yuanming is simple and natural, Du Fu is depressed and frustrated, Bai Juyi is easy to understand, Li Bai is bold and elegant, Wang Changling is vigorous and lofty, Du Mu is youthful and handsome, Li Shangyin is hazy and obscure, and Wang Wei's poems and paintings are integrated and beautiful.
For example, Sichuan Volume 2009: Read the following poem and then answer this question.
I feel that the hedge door will come out at dawn in autumn night to meet the cold (below)
Lu you
Wan Li Hedong enters the sea, climbing skyscrapers for 5,000 meters.
The adherents burst into tears and looked south at Julian Waghann for another year.
Q: The rich feelings in this poem are contained in the description of scenery and people's activities.
Lu You was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was a teenager, he was influenced by patriotic thoughts at home. Middle-aged went to Shu and devoted himself to military life. In his later years, he retired from his hometown, but his belief in recovering the Central Plains remained unchanged. He wrote many poems with rich contents, expressed his political aspirations, reflected the sufferings of the people, and had a bold style. There are many fresh works describing daily life, and most of his poems reflect the patriotic spirit of swallowing the remnants.
This poem also shows its lofty patriotic feelings. The first two sentences describe the magnificence of the motherland's mountains and rivers with exaggerated methods, full of love, paving the way for further lyricism; In the third sentence, the word "tears are exhausted" is used to vent the hatred of national subjugation; In the fourth sentence, the word "Wang" expresses the hope of the adherents to recover the lost territory of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the word "You" twists and turns expresses the disappointment and complaint that the Southern Song Dynasty court has not recovered the lost territory for a long time.
If we can usually understand the author's life, thoughts and poetic style, it is not difficult to understand the lofty patriotic feelings expressed by the author in this poem.
Fourth, pay attention to the image and grasp the specific meaning.
Image is the carrier of the author's emotion. In ancient poetry, there are always some specific images, which represent specific meanings, often with specific emotions and need to be accumulated at ordinary times. There are many common images in China's classical poems, such as: ice and snow-the crystal of ice and snow is a metaphor of loyalty and noble character; Moon-homesick for the moon, causing parting and homesickness; Willow-when the ancients bid farewell, they often gave each other willows to show their farewell; Cicada-a metaphor of noble character; Grass-often used as a metaphor to leave hatred; Platanus acerifolia-similar to bananas, mostly indicating bitterness; Plum blossom-entrusted with noble character; Lonely geese-homesick, homesick and lonely; Hongyan-wandering wanderers are homesick and sad, and so on.
For example, in 2009, Fujian college entrance examination poetry appreciation questions:
Jianghang
[Song] Yan Yu
Beyond color, the endless journey is full of love. Snowflakes and geese are broken, and the crescent moon is full of tide.
When the sky reaches the end of the water, the boat follows the tree. A few nights away from home, tired of listening to Acura.
Note (1) Acura: A song sung by the boatman during sailing.
Question: Please appreciate the couplet of this poem from the perspective of scenery and emotion.
Analysis: As long as we grasp the images such as "Can Xue", "Yan Duan", "New Moon" and "Tide Sound" when answering, it is not difficult to find that the poet expresses his thoughts on the journey through these images.
Fan Wen: The beauty of poetry couplets lies in its integration with the landscape. The poem describes such sad images as "snow", "wild goose", "moon" and "tide", and the scenery reflects the poet's feelings of traveling and homesickness.
Fifth, read poetry carefully and grasp "emotional keywords"
There are some words in poetry that can help us grasp the ideological content of the work. We call them "emotional keywords" or "poetic eyes". Accurately grasping emotional keywords in reading undoubtedly plays an important role in correctly understanding and analyzing the ideological content of poetry.
For example, Jia Dao entitled "Li Ning's Seclusion" said, "Live in seclusion with few neighbors, and grass will enter the desert garden. Birds perch on trees by the pool, and monks knock on the door of the moon. Cross the bridge, separate colors, move stones and move cloud roots. If you come back here temporarily, you will fulfill your promise. " The word "seclusion" in the title is the key to understanding the whole poem. Every couplet in the poem is closely connected with the word "seclusion". The necklace couplet is written from night to day, or from the perspective of the environment, but the vision is much broader. Crossing the small bridge and bypassing the boulder, all the way is quiet and full of wild interest, and the poet's inner joy arises spontaneously. The couplet reveals the poet's yearning for seclusion. It can be seen that reading poetry and grasping "poetic eyes" and "inscribing eyes" are the key.
Another example is Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge, which depicts a lonely and cold atmosphere with scenery. The word "worry" is the eye of the poem, and a word "worry" dominates the whole poem, sets the emotional tone of the whole poem and reflects the poet's inner feelings.
"If you look at a thousand swords, you will know their weapons. If you practice a thousand songs, you will know their sounds." The improvement of the ability to appreciate ancient poetry is not achieved overnight. Only by practicing and accumulating more at ordinary times, with the help of the information contained in poetry, starting with the title, annotation, author, image and eyes of poetry, and mastering some appreciation methods and skills, it will be handy to start with poetry appreciation questions.