Pipa Story is an original work by pipa player Xing, which is selected from Bai's Changqing Collection. Xing, also known as "Gexing", originated from Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties and is one of its famous songs. The following is my lesson plan about Bai Juyi's pipa performance. I hope everyone will look carefully!
Teaching objectives:
1. Understand the cold life experience of the pipa girl and the depressed mood of the poet being relegated. The wandering life experience of the pipa girl and the poet's official career have communicated each other's emotional channels and accused the feudal society of destroying talents.
2. Appreciate the beauty of music and artistic conception of this poem. Understand the writing characteristics of using a variety of techniques to describe musical images, using environmental descriptions to render the atmosphere and contrast the characters' thoughts and feelings.
3. Further improve students' appreciation ability and reading and reciting ability.
Teaching focus:
1, master the author's superb skills of describing sounds with metaphors.
2. Guide students to interpret the thoughts and feelings of the works from the analysis of the life and fate of things and grasp the artistic conception.
3. Recite the whole poem.
Teaching difficulties:
Understand the author's description of music and how to integrate the artistic conception of music with the feeling of the performer.
Teaching hours: 3 hours
Teaching process:
Lesson 65438
I. Writing background
Bai Juyi lived in the middle Tang Dynasty, which turned from prosperity to decline. At that time, ethnic contradictions and class contradictions were very sharp, and foreigners invaded constantly. Since the Anshi Rebellion, domestic wars have been going on for years, and people are living in poverty. Imperial eunuchs were autocratic, governors were separated, factional struggles within the ruling class intensified, the whole society, politics and economy declined, and people's lives were miserable. Bai Juyi avoided chaos in Jiangnan in his early years and got close to the people. He deeply felt the political chaos and the suffering of the people. He has the ambition of "saving the world" for the official. In the third year of Yuanhe (AD 808), Bai Juyi served as Zuo Shiyi (admonition officer) and wrote to Tang Xianzong many times, proposing a series of measures to reform the disadvantages. At the same time, he also wrote allegorical poems such as "New Yuefu" and "Qin Zhongyin" to expose dark politics and reflect people's sufferings. As a result, he violated the rich and nobles who held military and political power, and aroused the indignation of Tang Xianzong and some powerful people. In nine years, Yuanhe was appointed as the leisure post of Prince Zuo Zanshan.
In the 10th year of Yuanhe, Sok Li Daoism sent people to assassinate the Prime Minister Wu, and denounced this as a major "national humiliation" to the central government. With indignation, he took the lead in "urgently asking thieves to serve the country". However, they were all accused by the dignitaries as "overstepping their duties", and they also slandered Bai Juyi's mother because she saw flowers falling into the well, while Bai Juyi wrote poems about flowers falling into the well, "hurting Zoroastrianism", so she was demoted to Jiangzhou secretariat and later to Jiangzhou Sima (a small official with nine grades). The real reason why Bai Juyi was convicted is that he wrote satirical poems criticizing the shortcomings of the times. As he himself said, "it begins with an article and ends up offending it."
The poet is both sad and indignant at this demotion. After living in Jiangzhou for a year, he felt that the social world was cold and there was nowhere to pour out his grievances. This poem was written in the autumn of the second year (the eleventh year of Yuanhe) when the poet was relegated to Jiangzhou, at the age of 45.
"Xing" in Pipa Xing is a genre of ancient poetry, collectively referred to as "Gexing Style". It is characterized by "no definite sentence in writing, no definite word in sentence", relatively free syllables and meter, different syntactic lengths and rich changes. Songs after the Tang Dynasty generally adopt the genre of five-character ancient poems or seven-character ancient poems.
Second, overall perception.
1. Listen and pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
Jia (gǔ) Tian (tián) Yi (zhé) Si (S) Nishang (cháng)(yāo) Cao Cao (cáo) Jian (jiān) Guan xiāo (há) Frog (má) is a genus (zhǔ).
2. Students read the whole poem silently, and then summarize the contents of famous paragraphs in one sentence.
The first paragraph was written when I was seeing Fujian off, at night by Xunyang River; In the second paragraph, Rulu listened to pipa music; In the third paragraph, Rulu tells his bitter life experience; The fourth paragraph writes that there are many feelings of helping each other in the same boat; The fifth paragraph writes that pipa is wet.
Third, analyze the preface.
Please read the preface aloud.
Ask the students to interpret the preface, and the teacher will pay attention to the following words.
Move to the left: demote an official. In ancient times, the right respected the left, so the demotion of officials was called "moving to the left"
Next year: the second year.
There is the voice of Kyoto: the timbre is crisp and beautiful, with the timbre of Kyoto pop music. Clash, metal clash, the string sound here is crisp.
Advocate women: "advocate" and "prostitute" This refers to geisha.
Order wine: order a banquet. Life, verb, call, command, command. Wine, noun as verb to set a banquet.
Haggard: yellow and thin.
Migration: constantly changing places, moving places.
Peace of mind: peace of mind, consciousness and comfort. In a calm and frank manner.
Sri Lankan: This person refers to the pipa girl.
Only at night did I feel the intention to move: only at that night did I feel the unpleasant significance of being demoted. Demotion and diversion.
Because of the long sentence: I wrote a long poem. Because, conjunction, so, just. Be, verb, write and do. Long sentences refer to seven-character poems.
Every 6 16 words: * * 6 16 words. No, * * * meter. Words, words.
Life says: life, verb, name, call it.
3. Ask students to outline the content and function of the preface.
Qing: Preface to the poem, * * * 138 words. This paper briefly explains the time, place, characters and main process of the story, and summarizes the life experience of the pipa girl and the author's state of mind.
The function of the preface: explained the reason and naming of writing this long poem, and set the sad emotional tone of the whole poem. This poem is a long narrative poem with strong lyricism.
4. Which paragraphs of the preface and the poem are taken care of respectively?
Qing: "Next autumn, Kyoto clank" 1 natural section is done. "Ask that man, ... Wander around the Jianghu" and the second and third paragraphs. "After two years as an official, ... I began to feel that I had the intention to move." The fourth natural paragraph was done.
The preface says, "After two years as an official, I feel at ease and feel that I have arrived the next day." What do you think of this?
It is obvious that those who "feel good about themselves" have a point. In fact, what they mean is that the frustration of being demoted has been lingering in their hearts, and they have never been able to treat themselves comfortably. Of course, "moving" is not just felt at night. These two ironies not only euphemistically express their own anguish and indignation, but also emphasize the depth of feelings caused by his accidental meeting with the pipa girl. They are based on the keynote of "We are both unhappy-to grow old forever".
Fourth, appreciate the 1 paragraph of the poem.
1, students read paragraph 1, and the teacher prompts the following words.
Xunyang River: A section of the Yangtze River in the north of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Because it is close to Xunyang, it was called Xunyang River in ancient times.
I, the master, have dismounted and my guest has boarded his ship: this sentence is intertextual, meaning that both the master and the guest have dismounted and boarded the ship.
2. As the beginning of a narrative poem, what does this paragraph say? What is the function of scenery description in this passage? Please use a sentence in the poem to summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere rendered in this paragraph.
Qing: This passage is the introduction of the whole poem, which explains the time, place and characters of the story and leads to the pipa sound.
The first two sentences are in Jiangtou to bid farewell to Fujian. Autumn night, maple leaves are like Dan, white and windy, which sets off a sad atmosphere of farewell.
The middle four sentences "I want to drink a glass-unfortunately, I am not happy" set the stage for the appearance of the pipa girl, and took care of the following "And Jiujiang is far away, I am not happy". When drinking in loneliness without strings, it is natural to be "drunk but not happy". The implication is that you are depressed. The word "miserable" not only exaggerates the characteristics of the atmosphere, but also implicitly reveals the poet's sad mood. There are boundless rivers and seas outside the ship, and the moon shadows sink on the wall. The poet's departure is like a Leng Yue. These scenery descriptions not only have strong emotional color, but also create an environmental atmosphere for the appearance of pipa girls.
The last two sentences use "suddenly smell" to cause a strong tone change. I didn't see the person smell the pipa first, and the sound of the pipa on the water broke the loneliness, depression and sadness. The artistic charm of pipa sound is highlighted by "the host forgets to go home, and the guests have to go their own way", and the emotion turns from sadness to surprise.
This atmosphere can be summed up by a word "miserable" in the poem.
Verb (short for verb) homework
Back 1 segment.
second kind
First of all, appreciate the second paragraph of this poem.
Some people interpret the word "dark" in the sentence "Where do we follow the melody and ask the name of the player" in 1 as "secretly" and "privately", which shows that the poet is inconvenient to ask directly because of his identity. Compare this explanation with the explanation in the textbook, which is more accurate and vivid?
Clear: The former explanation is out of context. The poet's "secretly asking who plays the pipa" shows that he doesn't know that the pipa player is a geisha, so he is not worried about his official status. Later, I learned that he was a geisha, and the poet cared nothing because of his identity. On the contrary, he expressed deep sympathy and respect for geisha. It is accurate and vivid to interpret "dark" as "light tone", because the pipa sound is so moving that "the host and guest forget to go home, and the guest goes his own way" is even more sad and moving in the cold and desolate atmosphere. Quietly asking questions can show the poet's psychological state that he is attracted by music and can't bear to interrupt the pipa performance, and at the same time show the superb skills of the pipa girl from one side.
2. "The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered" and ",but we called for a thousand times and urged for a thousand times before she started to walk towards us, still hiding half of her face behind her guitar". What kind of psychological model did these words reflect? On the whole, it shows her shyness. what do you think?
Clear: A singer who was once a smash hit married a businessman's wife in her old age, but was abandoned by a profit-oriented and impetuous businessman. Facing the coldness of this world, she is full of sadness and difficulties. She plays the pipa not to attract customers, but to express her sad heart through the pipa. This series of unusual actions shows that she is unwilling to show her face casually again, suggesting that she has unusual life experience and artistic talent.
3. Pipa girl didn't want to show her face, but why did she finally come out? Please find the answer from the poem.
Qing: Because the poet "walked with the music and asked the name of the pianist", "moved the boat near her, invited her to sit at the table, and called more wine lamps to restart the banquet" and "waited for a long time", the pipa girl was deeply embarrassed, but she was rude. A series of verbs, such as "seeking", "asking", "moving", "inviting", "adding", "returning" and "holding a banquet" are used in the poem, which vividly expresses the surprise aroused by the poet after hearing the sound of the pipa and his eagerness to invite the pipa girl. It is a great comfort and encouragement for the pipa girl to find a bosom friend in the unfortunate fate of falling into the world. The poet's behavior shows his due respect and courtesy to the pipa girl. This is to make friends with artists, which is definitely different from ordinary literati. So the pipa girl finally got rid of many troubles and boarded the bow where the poet was. However, after all, being a stranger, I am a little shy, so I am called "hiding half of her face in front of us behind her guitar".
4. The following 24 sentences are from "... she turned the tuning pin and tried a few strings", which is the whole process of writing and playing the pipa, which is the focus of the whole poem description and the most wonderful place of the whole poem. What does this part say? Please summarize.
Clear: The first eight sentences mainly describe the movements of the players and the psychology of the players (including poets), and the middle 14 sentence is mainly pipa music, which also incorporates the feelings of the poets. The last two sentences are about the surrounding environment, which sets off the effect of playing.
5. Read these 24 sentences repeatedly. Can you feel what words the poet used when describing the pipa vocal music?
Clarity: pay attention to the poet's expression of feelings and describe it closely around the word "emotion" "... she turned the tuning pin, tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. This is a tuning audition before the performance, but it makes the listener feel a touching charm, which shows that this pipa girl has extraordinary skills and profound attainments. "Every string is a meditation, and every note is a profound thought, as if she were telling us the pain of her life" is a summary, but the word "love" is still retained. "Chord", "sound", "resentment" and "end" fully show the expressive force of music, and the music is so sad and low. From the beginning, I integrated the voice of the pipa with the feelings of the characters.
6. What do the two sentences "She frowned, bent her fingers, and then began to play" and "She brushed the strings, twisted them slowly, swept them and plucked them" say about the pipa girl?
Cheng Ming: These two sentences not only vividly describe the leisurely manner of the pipa girl, but also show her calm and dignified temperament, and also write her exquisite skills. These poems are concise. Exquisite performance is the expression of pipa girl's feelings, mind and temperament, while the listener's appreciation shows his profound understanding and thorough understanding of music, and also reflects the listener's feelings, mind, character and artistic accomplishment.
7. What metaphors did the poet use to describe the sound of pipa?
Clear:
Metaphor pipa sound
Metaphor big string humming like rain.
Tiny strings cut like whispers.
All four strings make a sound, as heavy and fast as tearing silk.
Subtle and euphemistic
Strong tone convergence
It is a metaphor for pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
The flower bottom of Guan Yingying's language is very slippery.
It is difficult to flow under the ice of the secluded rock spring.
The sound of spring is as slow as the frozen spring in winter.
Broken spray mud
Jumping out of armored horses and weapons is brittle and round.
fluent
obstacle
Low stagnation
turn up
Excitement and magnificence
8. Ask students to summarize the changes of music melody.
Clarity: Music from soothing and smooth-gradually sinking-intermittent pause-majestic agitation-strong sound convergence. From this change, combined with the unfortunate life experience of Pipa girl, we seem to feel the ups and downs of Pipa girl's thoughts, and seem to hear her tell her unfortunate life and infinite sadness and hatred in her heart.
9. At the end of the music, the poet ended with two sentences: "The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon enter the heart of the river". What are the functions of these two sentences?
Clarity: the poet did not directly write the enthusiastic response of the listener to show that the pipa girl's skill is extraordinary and the music is touching, otherwise it will not be implicit if it is too straightforward, and it will not be profound if it is not implicit. Compared with the silence of "the east ship is quiet and the west ship is quiet", the musical effect of "sound" can be described as "silence is better than sound" People are silently immersed and intoxicated in the enjoyment of art, and the music that deeply touches people's hearts seems to linger in their ears, making poets think of their vast worries and causing emotional waves. In this moment of silence, I saw a misty Leng Yue rippling in the middle of the river, reminding the poet to return to reality from music. This description of the scenery highlights the strong atmosphere and blends with complex music. * * * shows the complicated feelings of the pipa girl and the poet. It is so sad, sad and desolate that it makes the finishing touch for the whole musical image.
10. Try to compare the music description in Pipa Xing with the singing description of Wang Xiaoyu in Ming Hu Ju.
Clear: ① Both of them use metaphors to describe music, each with its own characteristics: Pipa Travel mainly uses sound metaphors to compare with the familiar sounds, and depicts the music melody of Pipa in a colorful and incisive way, which makes people have rich association and imagination. Listening to books in a Ming lake house mainly uses concrete sounds to transfer the experience of climbing Mount Tai to the appreciation of high-pitched vocals, so that people can enjoy stacks of vocals, and each stack of vocals has a unique and novel realm. It is impressive to compare the sudden decline of singing to a flying snake swimming among mountains. (2) They all wrote their feelings after listening. Pipa Xing, on the other hand, is concise and implicit, which is memorable. And "Listening to Books in a Minghu Residence" tells all his feelings, lacking the touching charm of "Pipa Travel". (3) Both of them use contrast when describing music. The genius of Pipa Xing is that it blends feelings into the scenery and creates a profound poetic mood. For example, "I only see the autumn moon in the middle of the river", which sets off a desolate and lonely atmosphere. When the pipa is swept away, people instantly return to the real world: Autumn Night with Maple Leaves and Juncus Whispering or Qiu Jiang when the moon is full by the river. The autumn moon immersed in the middle of the river has reached the zenith, spilling the brilliance of the moon to the world, which makes people think deeply and wait. At this moment, the poet may sigh that he has spent a wonderful time in solitude, thinking about his loved ones and lamenting his unfortunate experience ... while the pipa girl may think that the autumn moon and spring breeze have passed, and there is no company in the past that she didn't pay attention to, but tonight with the bright moon and cold water, she is sad, and she has fallen to the end of the world ... The introduction of Listening to Books in Amin Lake is straightforward, lacking the meaning and sentiment of that poem.
Answer: Similarities: ① The process of description is basically the same (beginning-Xu Shu is fluent; Development-ups and downs; Intermittent-quiet; Climax-intense and high-pitched; To an abrupt end). (2) When writing voice, the method of combining front description with side contrast is adopted. ③ Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and imitation are used. The difference between them is that Pipa prospers Syaraku, which is intended to write about people instead of Syaraku, lamenting the desolation of Pipa women's life experience and expressing their dissatisfaction. Minghu listens to books only to describe the beauty of singing without strings.
Second, appreciate the third paragraph of the poem.
1, students read the third paragraph, and the teacher prompts the next words.
Part I: The first category.
Autumn Moon and Spring Breeze: Metaphors of Precious Youth.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died: brother refers to the pipa sisters with similar spirit in the teaching workshop. The so-called "joining the army" means that these geisha are recruited into the army to do hard labor. Aunt, refers to the adopted mother of pipa girl.
Pommel horse: metonymy means fewer guests.
2. What changes have taken place in the life of the pipa girl before and after her autobiography?
Qing: This story about a pipa girl's sad life can be divided into two meanings. The first song is "Autumn Moon and Spring Breeze Unconsciously", which is about her own career as a singer when she was young.
"Putting the strings thoughtfully on the strings, she got up and smoothed her skirt, serious and polite" is the expression and action of the pipa girl after playing a song. These two sentences play a transitional role in structure. "Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital, living in Toad Mountain under her parents' house" and introduce his birthplace and residence. The next four sentences say that I am both talented and beautiful, and my color art is outstanding. A "gifted scholar" and a "jealousy of Qiu Niang" wrote her outstanding color art from the eyes of others and refined it with a pen. The word "Five Tombs" is also a profile description of her great success at that time. But "nodding" is a positive description of her happy and luxurious career as a geisha. The positive description captures the details and vividly depicts the luxurious life of a red singer surrounded by these playboys in Wuling. "Season after season, happiness follows happiness, and the autumn moon and spring breeze don't pay attention to her" summarizes the short years of chasing happiness, which is also a transition. The transition to the second level describes their tragic experience and situation. Autumn moon and spring breeze "refers to the precious youth and the best moment here.
Seven sentences on the second floor mainly talk about the lonely and desolate situation of pipa girls after aging. In addition to day after day, night after night, her beauty gradually disappeared, there is another reason. First, her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, of which skin color is the main reason. Judging from the skills of the pipa girl described above, it has not declined with the increase of age, but is still exquisite. However, the children of those giants will not visit. What does this mean? It tells people from one side that "Wuling nobles compete with each other, and there are countless HongLing songs" does not really appreciate her superb playing skills, but is attracted by her appearance. Once her age fades, she will be "left out in front of the door."
The sentence "No companions, only bright moon and cold water" describes the scenery. What does this sentence contain?
Clear: This sentence is a lyric after a comparative description of life experiences. In the past, it was so happy and luxurious that it was famous in the capital. Now, it is the cold moonlight and the cold river that surround the lonely boat. The poet combines the coldness of the autumn moon with the coldness of the pipa girl's heart, and the scene blends, which sets off the infinite desolation of the pipa girl and makes people cry. This technique of rendering artistic conception is very clever. Through comparison and contrast, the life experience of pipa girls is effectively displayed. Use the youthful beauty of pipa girl to contrast her old age; Alone in the empty boat and the cold door; Compare today's bitterness with past laughter; The loneliness and sadness after waking up from a dream are in contrast with the past of the night dream, thus vividly shaping a typical female image of a feudal society being played and insulted, accusing the world of valuing talents over profits.
4. Some people accuse Pipa girl of being a coquettish woman living a luxurious life and not worthy of sympathy. Some people think that she would rather be a prostitute than a wife, and she can't stand loneliness after leaving her husband for a month. There's nothing to be sorry for. What do you think of this?
It is clear: the memories of Pipa girls about the happy and luxurious life of geisha are not nostalgia for the past years. From the sharp contrast between today and the past, from her personal experience, she realized that those rich children who generously threw their hairpins in those days were all playboys who didn't know music, art and feelings. They just appreciate her color as a plaything, which leads her to the point where she is today. The memory of pipa girl is full of bitterness. The pipa girl married as a merchant woman has not got rid of the fate of being treated as a plaything, and the merchant values profit over points. In this bleak moonlight, the pipa girl is lonely, looking back on the past is sad.
Third, homework
Recite the second paragraph.
The third category
First of all, appreciate the fourth and fifth paragraphs of this poem.
1, please read paragraphs 4 and 5 aloud.
2. How many layers can the fourth paragraph be divided into? Induce meaning.
Clear: It can be divided into three meanings. The first four sentences are the first layer, which makes poets feel deeply. There are twelve sentences in the middle of the second floor. The poet tells about his depressed mood in exile. The last four sentences are the third layer, which tells the poet's feelings after listening to it. He is willing to write the poem Pipa Travel and let her play it again.
3. What kind of emotion does "her first guitar note made me sigh, and now, after listening to her story, I am even sadder" express?
Clear; Listening to the pipa sigh is because the vivid playing skills of the pipa girl touched the poet. "Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder" is the poet's more sympathy for the Pipa girl after listening to her tragic life experience. The experience of the pipa girl reminds the poet of herself, thus naturally revealing two of a kind's ideological foundation, sending out the feeling that "neither of us is happy-forever", and then describing the miserable life and depressed mood living in Jiangzhou, and explaining that the reason for this feeling is that they have the same experience.
4. How to understand "We are both unhappy-forever"?
Clear: Although the social status, life path and attitude of the poet and the pipa girl are different, although they have never met, the feelings of the frustrated people in We Are All Unhappy-To the End of the Day are similar. First, the other party has fallen from Kyoto to Jiangzhou. Second, neither of us is competent. (Famous artist-great poet) Third, we all had unfortunate experiences (marrying a businessman in our later years-being relegated to a brilliant position) and living a lonely life (keeping an empty boat-drinking alone). Fourth, the poet is the bosom friend of the pipa girl (pop up deep sorrow and dark hatred-make full use of the feelings in the song), and the losers are in the same boat. Because of this, the poet shed tears of sympathy after finally listening to the pipa girl's performance again.
5. Why did the poet translate Pipa Xing for you?
Qing: Because the poet communicated his feelings with the pipa girl through the music of pipa, he shared the same fate with her. It is not only sympathy and respect for the pipa girl, but also the need of his own emotional sustenance to write the feeling that "neither of us is happy-to grow old forever".
6. Analyze the fifth paragraph.
Clear: "... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder. The poet's kindness and sadness deeply touched the pipa girl. She sympathized with the poet's misfortune and thanked him for his kindness in meeting him. This complex emotion turned into a sad voice different from the last time, which led to "all the diners listened and hid their faces". Although "the tune is different from what she played before", the poet did not describe this "sad" sound with pen and ink, but wrote the characteristics of heavy play with a high degree of generalization, with refined language and appropriate pen and ink. The effect of story repetition has also changed the brushwork of expressing emotions by borrowing the scenery in front, but in order to directly write the listener's reaction, "the banquet, everyone listens, hides his face" makes the tragic atmosphere more intense. Simple and implicit expression leaves readers a broader imagination space. "But who among them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " The last two sentences wrap up the whole poem by asking questions, which shows their strong feelings after smelling the pipa again from the side, making people cry. These two sentences are closely related to the theme sentence "We are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we meet". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ",sublimated the theme expression of the whole poem at the emotional level.
Second, guide students to analyze the role of scenery description.
Qing: There are four scenery descriptions in the whole poem: the first place: "At that night, I saw off guests on Xunyang River, and maple leaves and rushes rustled in autumn." This is the sad breath of autumn wind, which shows the sadness of the poet's departure. The second place, "although we drank wine, we are not happy. We are breaking up. Don't immerse yourself in the moon." This is to express the poet's sadness when he leaves through the description of the boundless river scenery and the sinking of the moon. The third place, "the east ship is silent, the west ship is silent, and I only see the autumn moon in the heart of the river." This is to set off the artistic charm of pipa sound with the "silent" scenery and the sinking of the moon in the middle of the river, and to set off the artistic enjoyment of music for both the host and the guest. Fourth, "she has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, and she has no companions except the bright moon and cold water." This is to express the lonely feelings of pipa girls with the bright moon on a cold night in Qiu Jiang.
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