1. Farewell Poems of the Tang Dynasty
There were many farewell poems in the Tang Dynasty, among which the outstanding representatives include: Wang Bo's "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuchuan", Wang Wei's "Weicheng Song", Gao Gao It is suitable for "Farewell to Dong Da", Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower", Li Bai's "To Wang Lun", "Yellow Crane Tower to Meng Haoran's Guangling", Cen Shen's "Bai Xuege Farewell to Judge Wu Returning to the Capital", etc. Among the farewell poems of the Tang Dynasty, we should focus on mastering the farewell poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Characteristics of farewell poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty:
(1) The emotions expressed contain high-spirited optimism and positive and enterprising emotions in the sorrow of separation. Parting is sad, but the parting and sadness described by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are the parting of young people, the sadness of young people. In addition to sadness, it is also full of young people’s youthful and high-spirited atmosphere, positive and optimistic emotions, and full of dreams. and hope, but also full of vigorous vitality. These are the unique spiritual features of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. For example, the famous line in Gao Shi's "Farewell to Dong Da" "Thousands of miles away, yellow clouds are smoked by the day, and the north wind blows the wild geese and snow. Don't worry about the road without friends, and no one in the world will know you." It is very bold and high-spirited. There are two poems in "Farewell to Dongda" written by Gao Shi. The other one reads, "Liu Fei flutters and feels pity for himself. I have been away from Beijing and Luo for more than ten years. My husband is poor and humble, and we have no money to drink when we meet today." It can be seen that Gao Shi was in a difficult situation of poverty and poverty at this time, but he still sang such a bold and high-spirited tune with confidence and strength. This parting message is heroic yet considerate, unpretentious yet outstandingly vigilant, and has been passed down through the ages like the masterpieces of Wang Wei and Wang Bo.
(2) The language is simple and easy to understand, and it is natural. Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" are all such works. People in the Tang Dynasty composed it into a song and chanted it repeatedly, which was called "Yangguan Sandie". In the history of ancient Chinese poetry, there is no other song that has been sung by people for such a long time. Guest house and willows, this is also a typical farewell scene, but it does not have a bleak and desolate meaning, but it looks very fresh and clear. After the rain, the guest house has green roof tiles, showing the eternal purity. The new willow leaves reveal the lively spirit of spring. This implies that the tone of the entire poem will also be clear. "I advise you to drink a glass of wine. There will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west." There are no friends from the past outside Yangguan, but within this Yangguan, there are indeed old friends, with the thoughts and concerns of old friends. These two sentences are plain and simple, but they are implicit and have endless echoes. "Yellow Crane Tower Meng Haoran's Guangling" "Fireworks in Yangzhou in March" In the most beautiful spring of March with fireworks, I send my friends to the prosperous and magnificent Yangzhou. This kind of parting does not cause sadness, but a kind of yearning and the joy of imagination. "The shadow of the lonely sail is far away in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky." These two sentences are particularly full of meaning. The poet stood and looked into the distance, and his friend's lonely sail had disappeared at the end of the blue sky, leaving only the spring water of the river flowing eastward. The poet's deep affection for his friend and his longing for his destination are also vividly expressed by gazing at the river.
(3) Most of them are Qijue or Qigu in form. Quatrains and Qigu are the most unrestrained poetic languages. This free and unrestrained language complements the spirit of freedom and liberation, and simultaneously embodies the prosperity of poetry. The atmosphere of Tang poetry.
2. Farewell Ci in the Song Dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, Ci, as a new literary style, occupied an important position in the literary world. There are many farewell poems written by people in the Song Dynasty. In the textbook, the farewell words of the Song Dynasty are classified into two categories: those that are mainly lyrical and those that are mainly expressive of ambition. The former focuses on expressing sorrow and separation, such as Su Shi's "Nanxiangzi: Farewell to the Ancient Times" and Chen Yuyi's "Yu Meiren: Long and Short Sentences on Daguang Zuxi while Drunk", etc. The style is more lingering and graceful. The latter focuses on expressing one's feelings and aspirations.
The farewell poems of the Song Dynasty that mainly express aspirations have the following characteristics:
(1) The content is not mainly about expressing sorrow and hatred, but embodying ambitions in the farewell. In the words, he expresses his hatred for the invading foreign enemies, his anger towards the imperial court, and his desire to restore the Central Plains, and uses this to encourage others.
(2) The style gets rid of the graceful and lingering farewell style, and is expressed as passionate, bold and tragic. Zhang Yuanqian's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom: Send off Hu Bangheng to Xinzhou", Chen Liang's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou: Send off the envoy of Zhang Demao," "Maojia's Twelfth Brother" and so on are all representatives of this type.