1in the middle of March, 935, on the eve of crossing Chishui for the third time, Mao Zedong came to the confidential department. At this time, the main force of the Red Army is searching for the Sichuan Army that came to follow up in Changganshan and Fengxiangba in Zunyi area.
"Chairman Mao suddenly read aloud in Hunan dialect: Changganshan ... Fengxiang bar ... I can see that Chairman Mao is in a particularly good mood. "Chu Yang Jane, a confidential staff member standing behind Mao Zedong at that time, recalled that during the Long March, Mao Zedong often came to Chu Yang Jane's confidential department and guarded the telephone to direct operations.
In Chu Yang Jane's memory, Mao Zedong smoked fiercely and was poetic. However, the battle between Changganshan and Fengxiangba did not start as scheduled.
Otherwise, there may be a masterpiece about Chang Gan and Fengxiangba in Mao Zedong's poems. Embarking on the journey, it profoundly and tragically inspired the army from Laoshan in Guangxi to Skeleton Mountain in Guizhou until the Red Army occupied Zunyi and advanced into Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. Mao Zedong wrote three poems on "Mountain" in the southwest mountainous area.
From these three poems, we can clearly see the subtle changes in the strategic situation of the Red Army: leaving the Xiangjiang River, the Red Army "rushed to the saddle" and made rapid progress all the way in an attempt to get rid of the situation of being attacked on all sides; In Guizhou, we fought hard with hundreds of thousands of enemies, "tumbling over the river and rolling up huge waves", tearing the pocket array laid by many warlords, "ten thousand horses are still fighting"; After the Zunyi Conference, Mao Zedong regained the command of the Red Army, once again brandished his sword on the mountain and sent his troops north, "stabbing the sky", which showed his great heroism of "falling pie in the sky and staying". "That time was a very dangerous moment for the Red Army. Without the correct leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong, the Red Army might have been wiped out before it reached the Dadu River. "
Dai Jingyuan, then secretary of the Party branch of the Central Military Commission Radio Station, recalled. After crossing Chishui for the second time, the Red Army suddenly returned to Li to capture Tongzi, took Loushanguan and Zunyi City, and ate eight regiments in Wang Jialie and two divisions in Wu Qiwei.
Wang Daojin, an old Red Army soldier who took part in the battle to seize Loushanguan, recalled: "The bullet bags that have been deflated for a long time are all full." 1On the evening of February 28th, 935, Mao Zedong boarded the Loushanguan after fierce fighting and brewed this song "Recalling Qin E Loushanguan".
However, the victory of the battle did not cheer him up. Due to the failure of the Tucheng campaign, the Central Red Army failed to cross the river to meet the Red Fourth Army as planned, and hundreds of thousands of enemy troops still followed. 1958, Mao Zedong said in the annotation of this word: "The Long March was full of twists and turns, and I don't know how many times success was less than difficulty, and I was depressed."
Xiongguan road is as iron as iron, and now it is still one step away from the beginning. Maybe this is Mao Zedong's expectation to boost morale at that time? Get rid of the "encirclement and suppression" and write the Spring and Autumn Period in a magnificent way. It was not until the autumn of 1935 that Mao Zedong's depression was relieved.
In September, the main force of the Central Red Army has got rid of the encirclement and interception of the Kuomintang army, and is crossing the Minshan Mountain at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters to advance to the Shaanxi-Gansu region. "At that time, I had walked out of the grass and saw the hope of victory. Everyone is in a good mood. "
Jiaxiang Huang, the old Red Army, recalled. At that time, Japanese imperialism was stepping up the planning of the North China Incident, and the voice of "stopping the civil war and uniting with the outside world" was getting louder and louder at home.
Mao Zedong has obviously begun to plan a national war of resistance. "Born, headstrong kunlun, read all the human spring scenery.
You are like three million flying Yu-lung Pai, cutting through the sky. Summer dissolves, the river is full, and people are fish or turtles.
Who commented on the crime of Millennium work? Now my name is Kunlun: not so high, not so much snow. Andrew leaned against heaven and drew his sword, cutting you into three parts? One piece stays in Europe, one piece is given to the United States, and one piece is returned to the East.
A peaceful world, the whole world is so cold and hot. "In this poem" Niannujiao Kunlun "with strange imagination and magnificent artistic conception, Mao Zedong's atmospheric words reproduce the high-spirited situation of that year, reminding people of his shocking words with a wave of his hand a few years later: all imperialism is a paper tiger.
"Kunlun: The theme is against imperialism ..." Mao Zedong wrote in the annotation of this word. 1935 65438+ 10/0/Sunday evening, Miao Wen primary school in Tongwei county had oil lamps like beans, and the Central Red Army cadre meeting was held in Miao Wen primary school.
The next day, they will continue to go north to find the Red Army in northern Shaanxi and create a base area. At the meeting, Mao Zedong mobilized the next day's action, and also read aloud the poem "Seven Laws and Long March": "The Red Army is not afraid of expedition, and Qianshan is only idle.
Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills. Jinsha River is warm in the clouds and cliffs, and Dadu Bridge is cold with the cross rail.
I'm glad to see that Minshan Mountain is covered with snow and stretches for miles. Our soldiers crossed it and showed a bright smile. ""After Chairman Mao recited this poem, there was a long and warm applause at the meeting. "
The old Red Army Hu Anji recalled. Maybe even Mao Zedong didn't expect that he would announce the establishment of the new China on the rostrum of Tiananmen Square on the afternoon after 14.
Based in northern Shaanxi, Liupanshan, with lofty aspirations and an altitude of 2928 meters, is the last obstacle on the Red Army's Long March. This is no longer a problem for an army that is heading for victory.
The sky is high in the wild goose south, and the red flag rolls up Liupanshan. Under the red flag, Mao Zedong wrote "Qingpingle Liupanshan": "The sky is high and the clouds are light, so you can see the flying geese in the south.
If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero, but you will fight for 20,000. At the top of Liupan Mountain, the red flag flutters in the west wind.
Holding a long tassel today, when will it be a black dragon? "I don't know after writing this first word, Mao Zedong just smiled when he threw the pen? 1935101October 2 1 day, an ambush started in Wuqi. The battle ended successfully with the capture of 700 enemy troops and 200 war horses, thus achieving Mao Zedong's combat goal of not bringing his tail into the base area.
When Peng, the commander of this campaign, returned to the headquarters from the front line, he wrote "a six-character poem for Comrade Peng" on a battle telegram: "The mountain is high and the road is deep, and the army is vertical to Ma Benteng. Who dares to cross the knife at once? Only I am General Peng! " "The mountain is high, the road is long and the pit is deep"-the same is true of the first sentence of Mao Zedong's operational order before the war.
After seeing the poem, Peng modestly changed "only General Peng" to "only our Red Army is brave". -At this point, the Central Red Army successfully ended the one-year difficult Long March and began to rebuild the base camp of the China Revolution in the northwest.
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2. The 35 ancient poems about Huxiang culture got a high score-an overview of Du Fu's Jiangge-when the wind and rain came, the stars and sand flowed, and the guests hated the rivers and mountains, who was in the waterfront pavilion, and how Xiangchuan was divided. According to historical records, the soul of poetry is still in Huanhuaxi. In the autumn of Emperor Taizong's third year, Du Fu's good friend Wei Zhijin transferred to Tanzhou to study history, and he waited until his death. He is just a poor and sick man living in Changsha.
At first, it was just sent to the boat and stopped at Nanhu Port. The postal building near Hong Kong is also a place to welcome other friends.
It was only twice that Judge Liu was sent away. In the poem, it was said that "the old man Qiu Lai sailed in a boat, but he knew Changsha post when he was ill" and "he will stay on the river one day and stay in the old post office building in Changsha". Later, he moved to Hunan Electric Building, or claimed to be "Jiangge" in Xiaoximen area of Changsha.
There are poems such as "Jiangge is pregnant with rain", "The floors are covered with thunder and the sky is covered with water", "Jiangge is sick" and "The guest is thin in the kitchen and the pillow at the bottom of the river is clear". Du Yu met Su Xun in Jiangge, and wrote a poem "Su Xun Waiting for Imperial Palace Que" and "Mao Zhai Setting the Gate of the King City, Medicine Chu Old Fishing City"; When I met Li Guinian again, a poem wrote: "It is common to see him at the home of the King of Qi, but I heard it several times before Cui Tangjiu.
It's the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River, meeting you at the time of falling flowers. "The ruins of Jiangge are long gone, but now they have to be rebuilt on the original site.
Du Fu, a poet sage, stopped in Changsha twice in his later years and once lived in Jiangge, leaving more than 50 poems in Changsha. In order to commemorate this great realistic poet and world cultural celebrity loved by the people of all ages, the Changsha Municipal People's Government built Du Fu Jiangge in the Xiangjiang River scenic belt.
In view of Du Fu's long-term residence in Hunan, as the intersection of Huxiang culture and Du Fu's all-round contact, we have an indissoluble bond with Du Fu. We decided to choose Du Fu's Jiangge as the carrier, trace back to the source, radiate and conduct corresponding investigations, and pursue the mutual influence (or force) between Du Fu and Huxiang culture while remembering this great poet. The investigation report begins with Du Fujiang's song itself.
Du Fu Jiangge was built in memory of Du Fu. It is located in the Xiangjiang River scenic belt where Xihu Road and Xiangjiang Avenue meet in Changsha, and forms a vein with Tianxin Pavilion, Yuelu Mountain Daolin Second Temple and Yuelu Academy. During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, a famous scholar in Changsha proposed to build a pavilion, a poem tablet and a statue for Du Fu in memory of the poet.
Since then, this phone has not been disconnected. In 2002, Changsha municipal government finally took on this important task.
Du Fu Memorial Hall, Xiangjiang Avenue in the east, with square steps in front of the entrance; The Xiangjiang River is in the west. The main building is 5 meters away from the Xiangjiang levee, and a terrace floats 5 meters on the Xiangjiang River. Du Fu Jiangge North-South Corridor is a poem tablet gallery. On both sides of the column, Du Fu's poems are engraved on stone tablets for people to learn. There are fan-shaped cloisters, arc-shaped cloisters and stone tablets.
In the north direction of Du Fu Jiangge, a hexagonal tablet pavilion, a double-eaved roof and a neutral tablet in the pavilion are planned, and the origin and process of the construction of Du Fu Jiangge by Changsha Municipal Government are described. There is a pavilion on the sidewalk of Xiangjiang Avenue in the south of Du Fu Jiangge, which is connected with the stone tablet gallery and is the secondary entrance of Du Fu Jiangge. The square pavilion is a single-story roof with four slopes.
Jiangge is a four-story building, with the height from the outdoor ground (riverbank ground) to the bottom of the cornice of 15.9 m and the height of the top of the roof of 19.5 m. The second floor of the building is the Du Fu Memorial Hall, centering on the statue of Du Fu. The outer wall is 2. 1 m high, with high windows. Painting on the real wall introduces the poet's life. On the third and fourth floors, there are poetry and painting clubs, which collect poems and paintings of famous scholars. On the first floor, there is a poetry, painting and calligraphy souvenir shop.
The facade of the building is a traditional Tang-style ancient building in China, with vermilion columns, antique lattice windows and white walls. The railings of colonnade steps are moire stone pillars and slate railings.
The roof rests on the top of the mountain, overhangs and cornices, and the curved roof is black and blue, which embodies the basic characteristics of ancient, majestic and heavy buildings in the Tang Dynasty. The east and west facades facing Xiangjiang Avenue and Xiangjiang River are the main facades, standing horizontally and vertically under the roof eaves, with the words "Du Fu Jiang Ge" written on them.
Du Fu's calligraphy tablet gallery project is located in the Xiangjiang River scenic belt at the mouth of West Lake Bridge in Changsha, with an investment of 1 more than 10,000 yuan. It will be completed in February next year, and 59 poems selected from Du Fu's works in Hunan will be presented to people. Calligraphy stele gallery is a part of Du Fu Jiangge, written by famous calligraphers Shen Peng, Li Duo, Yan Jialong, Li Li and He Manzong.
Du Fu wrote over 100 works when he was in Hunan in his later years. Because he lived for 59 years, only 59 works were selected to commemorate him. The cultural project of Du Fu Jiangge main building is mainly designed around the poems written by Du Fu, Changsha and Du Fu in Hunan and the influence of Du Fu on Huxiang culture. At the same time, pay attention to the overall environmental layout, in order to create the best historical and cultural atmosphere, adapt to the audience of different social classes, and achieve the effect of integrating knowledge and leisure.
The second floor is designed as a memorial hall. On the front of the hall is a large wooden bas-relief "Du Gongbu Xiaoxiang's whereabouts map", which shows Du Fu's whereabouts when he lived in Hunan, and complements the statue of Du Fu in the center of the hall.
On both sides of the hall are the poems of Du Fu and the poems and paintings of famous painters such as Zhang Daqian and Lin Sanzhi. In addition, couplets, large vases of poems and paintings, large antique mahogany screens, flower stands, several cases, rare potted flowers and bonsai make the whole hall full of rich cultural atmosphere. The third floor is devoted to the study of Du Fu's life.
Among them, in the form of poems and paintings, Du Fu's poems in Hunan for three years are emphatically displayed, which shows his life predicament of being sick and lonely and his great feelings of worrying about the country and the people. The exhibition is divided into six parts: family background, travel, ambition, poetry history, Hunan soul and glory.
It is planned to exhibit 100 pieces of pictures, poems, paintings, Du Fu's poems and physical materials. In addition, the overall style of the exhibition hall is similar to Jiangge architectural style, and the display wall adopts the style of swastika doors and windows, which can effectively bring the audience into historical just visiting. In addition, the lamination design adopts the page form of ancient thread-bound edition, which makes the charm of ancient culture stronger.
It can not only make visitors remember the rich poets in Tang Wenhua, but also make the whole exhibition hall concise, lively, dense and comfortable. The design team on the fourth floor is a place to show literary friends and fine products, and it is temporarily named "Juyaxuan".
The plan is divided into three small areas: model display, meeting friends and audience rest. There is a model of Jiangge in the center of the hall, with Qing Dynasty mahogany furniture, Four Treasures of the Study, antique calligraphy and painting, Xiang embroidery and strange stones on both sides. There are story paintings of Changsha people on the four walls, telling the stories of Qu Yuan, Jia Yi and other historical and cultural celebrities, so as to reflect Changsha's profound historical and cultural heritage.
Du Fu, a poet saint, wandered in Hunan for more than two years in his later years, and once lived in Xiangjiang Jiangge, Changsha, which was the last days of his life. In the past two years, Du Fu left more than 100 poems, of which more than 50 were written in Changsha, including the famous poem Jiang.
3. Find a poetic heart with Huxiang culture to follow Hunan.
You opened a window for my soul,
Let me see a ray of sunshine.
From then on, forget the melancholy,
Let that warmth grow with me.
You gave my life a dream,
Let me feel cool.
Get rid of that little trouble from now on,
Let that sincerity go with me.
You set me sail again,
Let me listen to the sound of the horn.
Since then, riding the waves of Tao Tao,
Let that courage push me to travel.
You filled my life with hope,
Let me read all the chapters of that article.
From now on, you should be ashamed of reciting poems with a blunt pen.
Let that heart sing with love.
4. About Huxiang Culture Huxiang culture is a unique part of China's multi-cultural structure.
In the past century, with the outstanding performance of Huxiang characters on the historical stage, Huxiang culture has been widely recognized and recognized by the world, and has become an important topic in the study of modern history of China. Needless to say, although these studies are numerous and have different names, there seems to be a certain gap between the overall grasp and the specific grasp.
Introduction to Huxiang Culture edited by Professor Liu Xu is an important attempt to shorten this gap and explore the essence of Huxiang culture from the perspective of systematic thinking. The key to the overall grasp is to find a window that is enough to take care of the overall situation, which is not easy.
The originality of this book lies in that it does not pay attention to the surface of facts and phenomena like many scholars, but to what is the most dominant thing for the whole culture-its soul. This "soul" is nothing but deeply embedded in the core of the whole, with its basic cultural spirit, which is the general hub of "pulling one hair and moving the whole body" and enough to "inspire the world".
What is the basic spirit of Huxiang culture? The author summarizes the following four aspects: "simple justice", "brave", "practical application" and "self-improvement". "Jane" means simple, vigorous, simple and bold.
"Heavy righteousness" means a strong sense of justice and group orientation. "Bravery" is the fearless spirit of facing difficulties and dying.
The combination of the two forms a unique and powerful feature of Huxiang culture, which has a distinct heroic color. That's what Mr. Qian Jibo said: "Hunan people are Hunan people, and people who emerge according to local conditions are strong in one word."
"Practicing the world", that is, the pragmatic spirit of attaching importance to practice, is a concentrated expression of practical rationality and the sense of participation of "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". Once this universal category is combined with heroism, it will become a heroic spirit of "being the first in the world" and provide a clear goal for Huxiang culture. "Self-improvement" is the basic form of the universal spirit of "Tian Xing Jian", but in Huxiang culture, it is classified as "human extreme" and regarded as "cultural extremism".
This gives Huxiang culture a unique philosophical foundation. It is precisely because of this that Huxiang culture has a special character of "independence and isolation".
This summary is extremely comprehensive and accurate. Before this, critics often used "Huxiang character character" or "Huxiang cultural character" to summarize this point.
In contrast, the depth of this book is obviously outstanding. The basic spirit of Huxiang culture is the internal reason for the formation of Huxiang character, which is a higher concept than Huxiang character.
As the old man Hegel said: "The extension is the widest, that is, the connotation is the deepest ... The more advanced, clear, definite and profound the concept is, the widest its field is." Undoubtedly, this is a historic breakthrough in the study of Huxiang culture and the first contribution of this book.
The genius of this book lies not only in revealing the most basic cultural spirit of Huxiang culture, but also in its analysis of the unique environment that forms this unique spirit, "go with the flow to seek the source, shake the leaves to seek the root." The author thinks that the most basic forms of things are space and time, which are the most basic external environment for the movement of things and affect the essence of things to a great extent.
As far as space is concerned, Hunan is surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side, which is a horseshoe-shaped area. There are mountains in the back and osawa in the front. In ancient times, compared with the Central Plains, it was a place where information was relatively closed, but on the other hand, it was a place where "hardships made you".
The hardships of the environment have honed people's strong and brave character. The occlusion of the environment has cultivated the spirit of independent thinking and not being in tune with others.
The ancients called "osawa in the mountains, producing dragons and snakes", and that's what it was called. From the time point of view, Chu people contain the ancestry of ancient barbarians, and then they merged with Yanhuang culture and became an important part of Chinese culture. They not only accepted the influence of Central Plains culture, but also retained the heritage of barbarian culture.
Geographical proximity makes this unique gene endless. The core of culture is man, and man is the product of environment, so Huxiang culture and people with this cultural character are born in this special soil.
The author's argument is consistent with the basic laws of materialist dialectics, so it is also convincing. After all, time and space are external conditions for the development of things. As we all know, external factors always work through internal factors.
So what is the internal cause of the formation of Huxiang culture? The author attributed it to the systematic population movement in this area. The resultant force of this systematic movement comes from two aspects: first, the indigenous culture, that is, the group Miao culture, that is, the southern Chu culture represented by Qu Yuan.
The first is the Central Plains culture, which is the Confucian culture represented by Confucius. Huxiang culture is the result of their conflict and integration.
The combination of elegance of Central Plains culture and wildness of Miao culture constitutes the unique style of Huxiang culture, which is stubborn, firm and fierce. The so-called "outstanding people, great scholars, before me, where are those lost times?" Behind me, where are the future generations? Without independent and free thoughts, there will be strong and unyielding ambitions. "This is called it.
This is the important reason why Huxiang culture "deepens ancient learning, but can find its own way without being fettered by ancient learning", and then "creates its own atmosphere and can stand on its own feet different from the Central Plains". The formation of Huxiang culture is the inevitable result of the systematic movement of the above factors.
From this, the author draws a conclusion: "The geographical environment, developed agricultural economy and multicultural integration of various ethnic groups in Huxiang area have formed a unique regional culture." This system generally reveals the origin of Huxiang culture.
This is the second greatest contribution of this book. The outstanding contribution of this book is also reflected in the comprehensive disclosure of the internal system structure of Huxiang culture.
The internal institutional structure is the decisive attachment and concrete form of the basic spirit, and it is also a misunderstanding of people. The author makes a detailed analysis from several aspects: Hu Anguo was the pioneer of Huxiang philosophy in Song Dynasty, and Hu Hong, Zhang Mian, Wang Chuanshan, Zeng Guofan, Tan Sitong, Yang Changji and even Mao Zedong formed their own unique style; "With neo-Confucianism.
5. Xuefeng Mountain Poetry Xuefeng Mountain
You came from the ancient Kunlun Mountain like a dragon.
The river of Huxiang flows by you.
A male dragon danced with joy.
Love my land forever.
You came into the sunshine.
Let the world feel the magic of nature
You walk far in the misty rain.
Let people feel your mystery.
Cliffs and dangerous valleys
Who knew you were severely baptized?
Traces left behind
The mountains are green.
It is the embodiment of vitality after experiencing wind and rain.
Group peak connection
The backbone remains unchanged.
Life is tenacious.
External invasion
You raise your sword.
Face humiliation
You defend your dignity.
Show the world
You are the birthplace of Huxiang culture.
Standing on the mountain
I'll watch you.
Constantly surrounded by light spots
Like the stars arching the moon.
Standing on the mountain
I looked down.
The latecomers are brave climbers and inspirational figures.
Touching photos
hilltop
Strong winds are blowing.
I feel the wind of a thousand years.
Cultural enlightenment
hilltop
The green leaves sway gently
I think mom is shaking blue.
Shake her son gently.
Shanshangshanxia
Your edification
Wan Li, Li Qian
You are the totem of Huxiang children.