1. Phonetic
Talking about (liáo) boring explanation (quán) explanation desire (ch not ng j ǐ ng)
Coagulation (níng), coagulation wandering (pái huái) and benefit (b √).
The curtain (wéi) is wide (mào) and the curtain (lán) is gorgeous.
Ups and downs (didàng), truth (dě) and instant (shùn).
2. Similar
Second, the accumulation of words.
Browse: have a brief look.
Bored: bored because of leisure; I hate it because it doesn't make sense.
Stroll: Go back and forth in one place; Metaphor is indecisive.
Exploration: seek answers and solve problems in many ways.
Explain: explain, explain. Explain, explain, elaborate.
Miniature: refers to a specific and subtle person or thing that can represent the same type.
Yearning: yearning.
Condensation: gas changes from thin to thick or becomes liquid.
Benefits: benefits.
Vastness: the length and width of the land (the length in the east-west direction is called "width" and the length in the north-south direction is called "vastness").
Subtle: people's thoughts or personalities are unconsciously changed by other infections.
Alarmist: Say something scary on purpose to surprise the listener.
Colorful: The metaphor is colorful and changeable.
Curtain: A curtain hung as a shelter in a big house or on a stage.
Colorful: brilliant and colorful.
Portrait: a true description.
Ups and downs: ups and downs, ups and downs.
True meaning or truth. Truth, Buddhism refers to the true and correct truth, and generally refers to truth.
No way (jρn): I can't restrain my feelings.
Simulation: imitation.
Knocking on the door: the initial means to gain fame and fortune, which can be abandoned after achieving the goal.
Betrayal: Deviation from treason.
IQ: that is, "IQ". Show the level of human intelligence development.
Genre painting: a painting with the theme of social customs and daily life at that time.
A high and steep mountain. Respect for harmony and height.
Give (literature): give; Show (politeness, affection, etc.). ) give it to each other.
Third, literary common sense.
1. About the author
Zhao, essayist and poet. Shanghainese, 195 1 was born in Shanghai. During the Cultural Revolution, he went to the countryside to jump the queue. 1977 was admitted to the Chinese Department of East China Normal University, and/kloc-0 graduated in early 1982. He worked as a literary editor in Germination Monthly for many years, and was hired as a professional writer of Shanghai Writers Association from 65438 to 0987. Now he is the vice chairman of Shanghai Writers Association. The first book was published in the early 1980s. Up to now, there have been more than 40 collections of essays, poems and reportage, and many works have been published in and outside Taiwan Province Province. His article "In the Rain" was included in the first volume of junior high school Chinese self-reading textbook published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House.
2. Writing background
The text is a required reading for students in China, and is jointly published by Chinese Publishing House and Tianjin Education Publishing House. Preface to the literary volume. The literary volume * * * is divided into four volumes (prose volume, novel volume, poetry volume and drama volume), with 2 million words, edited by Zhao. The preface was written in the spring of 1997. This library was published in 2000. In the library, besides literature, there are also art, society and science volumes.
Fourth, about literature.
① Modern Chinese Dictionary (revised edition) explains "literature" in this way: art that vividly reflects objective reality by using language and literature, including drama, poetry, novels, essays, etc.
(2) The characteristics of "literature" by poets and writers:
Articles combine the times, and poems combine things.
(Tang? Bai Juyi's "Nine Books with the Same Yuan")
Poets are the echo of the world, not just the nanny of their own souls.
([Su] Gorky)
The relationship between literature and society begins with its sensitive description of society. If it is strong, it will in turn affect society and change.
(Lu Xun's letter to Xu XX)
Everyone is in the contradiction between old and new feelings. The function of art is not only to help people distinguish things clearly, but also to promote people's emotional changes.
(Ai Qing's poems and feelings)
Art is a kind of enjoyment, and it is the most fascinating enjoyment of all.
(French) Roman? Roland)
An analysis of the main viewpoints and structures (ideas) of verbs (the abbreviation of verb)
1. Central meaning
This is a preface, and the author introduces literature to the young readers who read this masterpiece "Literature Volume" by virtue of his profound understanding and feeling of literature. The article explains what literature is in simple terms with prose-like sentences, vividly depicts the charm of literature, stimulates young readers' strong interest in literature and encourages them to open the magical door of literature.
2. Brief analysis of content
The title of "Opening a Door for You" is novel and vivid. The title is "Open". Around it, the article develops with the idea of "discussing the door-knowing the door for the first time-opening the door", and deepens step by step to make young readers better and better. The full text is divided into two parts. The first part uses "closure" to attract people to explore, and uses two "as long as" to inspire confidence and encourage young people to open the door to various unknown fields. Then, from "countless" to "obsessed", the characteristics, connotation, function and educational function of literature are expounded in plain language, so that teenagers can have a preliminary understanding of the importance of literature. The second part, quoting the article "To Literature" written earlier, praises the unique personality of literature from different angles with passionate language, encourages young people to get close to literature, enter the magical door of literature, and constantly enrich themselves, cultivate themselves and improve themselves. The first part focuses on the role of literature in enlightening people with reason, and the second part focuses on describing the charm and emotional people of literature. These two parts complement each other in content, take care of each other in structure and set off each other in language style, which can be described as a perfect combination.
3. Structural analysis
The full text *** 1 1 can be divided into two parts according to the idea of getting close to literature and understanding literature.
The first part (1 ~ 4) introduces the topic and expounds the author's understanding of literature. This part can be divided into two layers. The first floor (1 ~ 2) summarizes countless closed doors in the world, and emphasizes the necessity and sufficient conditions for opening these doors.
1 paragraph, the title is "door". The first sentence "There are countless closed doors in the world" gives people a doubt-where are there so many doors? Why are they all closed? Then "in every door, there is a world you don't understand" gives people two doubts-there are so many unknown fields in the world? Then use "open these doors" and "don't want to open the door to explore" to form a sharp contrast, giving people three doubts-the feelings and results produced by the two are so diametrically opposed, why? This mystery will undoubtedly deeply touch the hearts of young readers and arouse their strong desire to open these "closed doors". The second paragraph follows the trend and tells young readers that these doors can be opened. Then, in a round, it points out two sufficient conditions for opening these doors, and gives the sentence "as long as ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………".
These two paragraphs are the introduction, ready to show the door of literature below.
The second layer (paragraphs 3-4) points out the importance of opening the door to literature and understanding literature.
In the third paragraph, from "countless" to "a door", the topic is initially pointed out, which shows that this door is the door of literature, but it does not involve "opening".
The fourth paragraph briefly expounds the characteristics, connotations and functions of literature and the relationship between literature and human development. Thirteen sentences in the whole paragraph. The first sentence expounds the characteristics of literature, the second to fourth sentences explain the connotation of literature, the fifth to eighth sentences explain the function of literature, and the ninth to thirteenth sentences explain the relationship between literature and the development of modern people. These argumentative languages help young readers to understand the general situation of the literary world from a rational height, and understand the important role of reading excellent literary works and getting close to literature in increasing knowledge, improving self-cultivation and enriching emotions of modern civilized people, thus enhancing their consciousness of opening the door to literature.
The second part (paragraph 5 ~ 1 1) depicts the charm of literature in the form of dialogue with literature and inspires young people to open the door to literature.
In the fifth paragraph, explain the source of the following quotations and point out the purpose of writing them. This is a transitional period, introducing the dialogue between the author and literature.
In paragraph 6, literature can vividly show the colorful scenes of the objective world and increase readers' knowledge.
In paragraph 7, literature can vividly show the colorful life through the ages and touch the hearts of readers.
In the eighth paragraph, literature uses artistic methods to travel through time and space, meet reality and stimulate readers' free imagination.
In the ninth paragraph, literature reflects that the most important thing in life is seeking truth, so as to strike a chord with readers and arouse a strong inner voice.
10 paragraph, literature is sincere and faithful to people, allowing readers to find themselves and improve their self-cultivation.
1 1 paragraph, literature is magical and sacred. Love and hate are distinct and should not be profaned. This response to the topic will deepen the understanding of literature, encourage young people to treat literature with a correct outlook on life and values, and warn people not to regard literature as a "stepping stone" to pursue fame and fortune.
Six, key sentences
1. The meaning of the topic "Open a door for you".
"Open a door for you" is a visual statement, which means to lead you into the entrance of literature. The word "Wei" leads to the object of behavior-"you" (teenager), from which the author's sincerity and good wishes are conveyed. "Opening" means opening a door. "A door" tells readers that this is just one of countless doors and the world is big, but what the author wants to open for you is a specific "one" of countless closed doors, which shows how important this door is. Comparing the "door" to the entrance of a certain field gives people rich associations. Generally speaking, the literal meaning of "opening a door for you" is to open the entrance to a certain field for you (referring to teenagers), and the deep meaning is to let you enter the room and enjoy the infinite scenery of a certain field (referring to literature).
2. Being close to literature and reading excellent literary works is an extremely important way for a civilized person to increase knowledge, improve self-cultivation and enrich emotions.
This is the central sentence of the full text, which aims to encourage young readers to enter the door of literature, read literary works extensively, learn spiritual food from them, and be a literate and literate modern civilized person.
A person who never reads literary works, even if he has a master's degree or a doctor's degree or above, can only be a barbarian with high IQ.
It reveals the great function and significance of excellent literary works, urges people to get close to literature, read excellent literary works, consciously get rid of the idea of "valuing reason over literature" and actively cultivate their interest in reading literary works.
You are a magical door, and all those who are willing to walk through it will not return empty-handed. And for those who regard you as a stepping stone to fame and fortune, you will close the door tightly.
This paper expounds the magic and sacredness of literature, deepens the understanding of literature, encourages young people to treat literature with correct outlook on life and values, and warns people not to regard literature as a stepping stone to pursue fame and fortune.
You have opened the curtain of life one after another, allowing countless different characters to stage wonderful comedies and tragedies on the stage of life.
Vividly compare the time and space of people's lives to a stage, and compare different lives to scenes of tragicomedy staged on this stage ... Literature shows a broad social life, a colorful life, and a variety of meanings of life, allowing us to feel life in laughter and tears, integrate into life, realize the true meaning of life, and raise the sails of life.
Seven, writing characteristics
1. Use metaphors to arouse readers' association and imagination, so that they can understand literature, get close to literature, love literature and gradually enter the door of literature.
2. personification and dialogue. Guide students to understand the author's methods of expounding and describing literature in literary language. The word "you" in the second part of the text refers to literature. The author personifies the abstract concept of literature and describes the charm of literature by means of dialogue with literature, which gives people a sense of intimacy and enhances the appeal of the article.
3. Kind tone and sincere emotion. The author is a contemporary essayist and poet with special interests, hobbies and feelings for literature. The key to describing literature in literary language lies in the deep affection for literature, and the essence of this affection lies in the author's care and trust for young readers, which has been transformed into cordial tone and sincere emotion, making young people fondle admiringly and encouraged.
4. Language features
The rich and colorful vocabulary and flexible language reflect the author's superb level of mastering the language of the motherland. The same word expresses different meanings in different contexts. For example, "There are countless closed doors in the world. In every door, there is a world you don't understand "(para. 10). 1). The former's "world" refers to the sum of everything in nature and human society, while the latter's "world" refers to the field. For another example, the second person pronoun "you" is used in the article. The target of "you" in the title and paragraphs 1 ~ 4 is young readers, and the target of "you" in paragraph 5 is literature from beginning to end. The latter uses personification to give people a sense of intimacy and enhance the appeal of the article.
The same meaning is expressed in different sentences. For example, reading literary works is "an accumulation of wisdom and feelings", which is vividly described in paragraphs 6-9. Another example is "being close to literature and reading excellent literary works is an extremely important way for a civilized person to increase knowledge, improve self-cultivation and enrich emotions" (paragraph 4). Later, someone said, "You just silently contribute to the people who love you, introduce them into the vast and beautiful world, let them see the most beautiful scenery in the world, and let them know the true meaning of life."
Reading this article, we should deeply understand and comprehend such language examples, realize that the richness and diversity of Chinese language vocabulary is determined by the diversity of literature itself, and also depends on the author's love for literature, accumulation, understanding and sentiment, and the author's literary accomplishment, social experience and personality cultivation, so as to truly love literature and the language of the motherland and unify reading and being a man.
Eight, the author talks about reading.
As for being a writer, I never dreamed of it. But I have a special interest in books. Since I started reading, I can read novels by myself. In the first grade of primary school, I learned the Journey to the West, the Water Margin and Yue Biography. As long as it's interesting in the future, I'll read it as soon as I get it, and it's very fast, and I can often finish a long article in one day. Dozens of long articles can often be written in a summer vacation. One of my sisters likes literature. When I was in primary school, she was in high school Almost all the foreign novels I read at that time were borrowed by her, including Resurrection, War and Peace, Les Miserables, 1993, Gao Laotou and John? Christophe, Hunter's Notes, Red and Black, etc. This kind of extensive reading, although aimless and swallowed up, inadvertently laid a certain foundation for my future literary creation.
Books have opened many windows for me, allowing me to rush out of the narrow and dark world and roam freely in the vast world. The scene of reading a book with a small oil lamp on a broken bed seems to be still in sight. This is an intoxicating and memorable time in my life journey. I really feel the power and charm of literature and feel that she is close to me. I can reach out and touch her and reshape her according to my own wishes and imagination. I found myself surrounded by countless people and things worth writing, describing and eulogizing. When I was intoxicated with the pleasure of writing and forgot all my troubles and pains, I vaguely realized that my life had a support from now on. If engaging in literary creation is an important choice in my life, then this choice is the product that I can't help but experience confusion and pain. Those words written under the dim and flickering oil lamp in those years became my first essay.
(Excerpted from The Sparkling Moment)
Nine, after-school problem solving
(1) To Literature describes literature in many ways. These aspects include the extensiveness of literary content, the richness of literary reflection on social life, the transcendence of literary content in time and space, the empathy of literary works for readers, the eternity of literary value and the reaction of literature to people. They vividly express the cognitive function, aesthetic function, educational function and discriminating function of literature.
(Note: If you can't summarize the characteristics of literature from the above aspects, you can also talk about your own reading experience. The answers can be varied. )
(2) Kong Yiji, a feudal scholar who was poisoned by feudal education and imperial examination system and swallowed up by feudal society; Ruda, brave and good at fighting, resourceful, harm others and harm yourself; Resourceful, loyal and patriotic Zhuge Liang and so on.
(3) Comparing a good book to "window", "ladder", "bread" and "friend" is to arouse students' memory of these familiar metaphors and help them feel the advantages of a good book from different angles; It is also used to inspire students to understand and express the same thing from different aspects.
The topic of figurative articles collected after class can be selected from the Chinese textbook of Grade One in Senior High School, such as Lesson 23 of Unit 6, or from other materials. The key is not only to understand the meaning of metaphor in the title, but also to say the benefits of writing like this.
(4) ellipsis.