Introduction to the Works
The author of "Sending Friends to Shu" is Li Bai, who was selected as the No.6 in Volume 177 of The Whole Tang Poetry.
Original
Send friends to Sichuan
Author: Tang Li Bai
See Can Cong Road, which is rugged and difficult to walk.
the mountain starts from the human face, and the cloud is beside the horse's head.
fragrant trees cage Qin Zhan, and spring flows around Shu city.
ups and downs should be fixed, so you don't have to ask Jun Ping.
Note
(1) See and say: It is a common saying in the Tang Dynasty, that is, "listening and speaking".
Can Cong: the founding king of Shu. Can Cong Road: the road to Sichuan. And "until two rulers of this region, pushed their way through in the misty ages" in Shu Dao Nan. Similar to
(2) rugged: the road is uneven.
(3) The mountain starts from the human face: when people walk on the plank road, they are close to the cliff, which seems to rise abruptly from the side of the human face.
(4) Clouds are born by the horse's head: Clouds rise and roll by the horse's head.
(5) Fangshu: a tree with fragrant flowers. Qin Zhan: the plank road from Qin (now Shaanxi Province) to Shu.
[6] spring flow: the spring river rises and the river flows. Or refers to the Yongjiang River and Jiang Liu, which flow through Chengdu. Shucheng: refers to Chengdu, and also refers to the cities in central Sichuan.
(7) Rise and fall: advance and retreat, rise and fall, that is, people's experience and fate in the world.
⑻ Junping: Yan Zun in the Western Han Dynasty, whose name was Junping, lived in seclusion and was not an official. He used to sell divination for a living in Chengdu.
translation of works
It is said that the road from here to Shu is rugged and difficult to pass.
The cliff rises abruptly from people's faces, and the clouds rise and billow against the horse's head.
Flowers and trees cover the plank road from Qin to Sichuan, and the clear water of Chunjiang flows around the capital of Sichuan.
Your advance, retreat, ascent and sinking are all decided. You don't need to ask Junping of Shanbu.
Appreciation
This is a lyric poem which is famous for describing the wonderful beauty of mountains and rivers in Shu Road. It was written by Li Bai in 743 AD (Tianbao year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty) when he sent his friends to Shu in Chang 'an.
The whole poem is described from two aspects: farewell and entering Shu. When the first couplet was written into the road of Shu, it began with the difficulty of Shu Road: "See Can Cong Road, which is rugged and difficult to travel."
"It is said that Can Cong Road is rugged and difficult to walk." On the occasion of parting, Li Bai kindly told his friends: I heard that the Shu Road is rugged and dangerous, and the road is full of mountains and mountains, which is not easy to pass. The tone is gentle and natural, as if two good friends are talking, and the feelings are sincere and sincere. It begins with a passionate exclamatory sentence "Alas, the danger is high, such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky", and its writing is very different. Here it is just a calm narrative, and it is also a "see and say", which is very euphemistic and without a trace. The first couplet enters the topic and puts forward a farewell intention. Zhuan Lian made a further detailed description of the "rugged and difficult to walk" Shu Road: "The mountain starts from the human face, and the cloud is next to the horse's head."
Shu Road twists and turns on the high mountains, and people walk on the plank road. The cliffs are like oncoming, starting from the overlapping of people's faces, and the clouds are rising and tumbling next to the horse's head, like walking on clouds. The verbs "Qi" and "Sheng" are used very well, which vividly show the narrowness, precipitousness and high risk of the plank road, with strange imagination, wonderful realm and flying charm.
On the one hand, the Shu Road looks majestic and dangerous, on the other hand, it also has a beautiful and moving place. The magnificent scenery is on the Qin Stack: "The fragrant trees cage the Qin Stack, and the spring flows around Shu City."
The word "cage" in this couplet is praised by critics as "poetic eye", which is vivid, vivid and full of meaning, showing various contents. The first layer it contains means: the prominent trees on the rocky cliffs, with swaying branches and leaves, cover the plank road. This is the view from a distance. Qin Zhan is a plank road from Qin (now Shaanxi Province) to Shu. It is built by chiseling stone frames between rocks. The road surface is narrow and the roadside will not be covered with trees. The word "cage" accurately describes the characteristics that the tree-lined plank road is covered by trees on the mountain. The second layer means: echoing the "fragrant trees" in front, it vividly expresses the scene that the spring forest grows luxuriantly. Finally, the words "Cage Qin Zhan" and the antithetical sentence "Around Shu City" are condensed and refined, which just constitute a strict and neat antithetical sentence. The former writes about the scenery of Shu Road on the mountain, while the latter writes about the beautiful scenery of Chunjiang River running around Chengdu under the mountain. The distant view and the close view match up and down, setting off each other, and the scenery is beautiful, like a magnificent landscape painting of Sichuan Road. Poets describe the scenic spots of Shu Road with rich colors, which is undoubtedly a kind of comfort and encouragement for friends who have entered Shu. The end of the couplet suddenly turned over the title: "The ups and downs should be fixed, so you don't have to ask Junping."
Li Bai knew that his friend came to Shu for the purpose of pursuing fame and wealth, so he gave a farewell speech and gave a meaningful warning: the status of an individual's official position has long been a foregone conclusion, so why bother to ask Junping who is good at divination! Yan Zun in the Western Han Dynasty, the word Junping, lived in seclusion and was not an official. He once sold divination in Chengdu for a living. Li Bai used Junping's allusions to gently inspire his friends not to indulge in fame and fortune. It can be said that he is eager to seduce and embodies deep friendship, and there is no lack of feelings about his own life. The couplet is written implicitly, with short words and long feelings.
this poem has a fresh and elegant style. The antithesis between the two couplets in the middle of the poem is very precise and neat. Moreover, the meaning of the couplets is extremely dangerous, and it is extremely difficult to talk about Shu Dao. The necklaces suddenly describe the beauty and scenery, and the brushwork is frustrated and changeable. Finally, with the discussion as the conclusion, the theme is realized and the charm is more abundant.
Both this poem and Difficult Road in Shu are about the scenery of Shu, but there are great differences in writing. All of them started from "legend" and "seeing and saying", and made great efforts to falsely boast about the mysterious colors of Shu Road and highlight the difficulties and dangers by touching and dyeing it. Then, according to the time and space sequence from Qin to Shu, they vividly described the unique characteristics of the landscape scenery of Shu Road, which was magnificent and dangerous. However, the differences between the two poems are quite different. "Difficult Road in Shu" is full of imagination and exaggeration, while "Sending Friends to Shu" is more realistic. "Difficult Shu Road" means "difficulty" and contains feelings in "worry". The poem suddenly "starts with a sigh and ends with a sigh". In the middle, it sighs again with "the difficulty of Shu Road, it is difficult to go to the sky", and it is extremely bitter to open up the Shu Road. It is extremely difficult to travel in Shu Road, and it is extremely dangerous to stay in Shu Land. Seeing your friends off to Shu focuses on seeing them off, which comes down to seeing them off. In terms of poetic theme, it is not appropriate to boast about the dangers and difficulties of rendering Shu Dao, and in terms of the genre of five-character poems, it is not necessary to describe the hardships of Shu Dao. The first couplet calmly pointed out the theme of "rugged and difficult to walk" in Shu Dao, while the couplet turned emptiness into "real feeling" and followed the word "rugged" "The mountain starts from the human face, and the clouds are beside the horse's head", which shows the narrowness, precipitousness, high risk and strangeness of the Shu Road. The neckline is "the fragrant trees cage the Qin stack, and the spring flows around Shu City." Then the spirit pen turns, from steep and bizarre to beautiful and magnificent, beautiful and bright. Tail couplet, with broad-minded and comfortable feelings, encourages friends to respond to the opportunity. The whole poem is closely related to the poem title, narrative, scenery and feelings, and is connected by one vein.
The author introduces
Li Bai (Feb. 28, 71-762), whose name is Taibai, is a poet of the Tang Dynasty, known as the "Poet Fairy" and the greatest romantic poet. Han nationality, born in Broken Leaf City (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan) in the Western Region, moved to Changlong County, Mianzhou (Brazil County), Jiannan Province at the age of 5 (renamed Changming County in 712, now Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Mianyang, Sichuan), and his ancestral home is Chengji County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province). His father, Li Ke, has two sons (Boqin, Natural) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than 1, poems in the world, among which the representative works are Shu Dao Nan, it is hard to go, tianmu Mountain Ascended in a Dream and Jiang Jin Jiu, and Li Taibai Ji has been handed down from generation to generation. He died in Dangtu, Anhui Province in 762 at the age of 61.
Li Bai's poetry and song creation has a strong subjective color, which mainly shows that he focuses on expressing heroic spirit and passionate feelings, and rarely gives a detailed description of objective things and specific time. Free and easy temperament, independent personality, and strong emotions that are easy to touch and erupt form the distinctive characteristics of Li Bai's lyric style. He often erupts, and once his feelings are aroused, he rushes out without restraint, just like the hurricane in the sky and the overflowing volcano. His imagination is strange, often with unusual connections, and changes with the flow of emotions.