In Mao Zedong’s poems, a sentence used to sigh, translated: Those ancient emperors have passed away. To see the powerful figures, we have to look at the present and the masses of the people.
This word is the last three sentences, which has such a wonderful effect. In the first three words of the sentence, first use a pause to make a sudden change, like a paddle of a boat, and then go straight to the next two sentences. The word "go" is preceded by the word "ju", which is like an iron broom sweeping away "countless heroes" in history; the word "矣" is an exclamation, which is full of emotion. In the second and third sentences, the two verbs "number" and "see" reveal confidence in the Chinese proletariat. They are abundant and moving, with both words and meanings. All the heroes of the past dynasties have been swept away by the rolling torrent of history. Only today's proletariat is the real driving force to promote the progress of history. They are the well-deserved masters of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. They can make the motherland prosperous and make the Chinese nation stand on its own among the nations of the world. forests and make due contributions to mankind. This is the most warning part of the whole poem, and it is also where the poet’s divine light gathers. With this most concise and summary conclusion, the whole poem Yongxue's "extraordinary reach" fills the page.
Appreciation of Chairman Mao's "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" has been praised by people from all walks of life and the general public as his best poem since its birth and publication until now. It is also considered to be one of the best poems of his. His most heroic poem. There is nothing wrong with the author’s knowledge of this matter, but I will use the opportunity of appreciation to discuss this poem in three aspects: 1. The background of the poem; 2. The sensation caused by the poem during the “Chongqing Negotiations”; 3. The artistic charm of this poem.
The poet wrote this poem in February 1936, when the Central Red Army had successfully completed the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March.
When the Red Army’s Long March was coming to an end in 1935, China’s political situation was already at a very serious juncture. After Japanese imperialism invaded and occupied the three northeastern provinces from 1931 to 1932, it did not stop. In 1935, it launched a full-scale war against China. The Japanese army entered the border from outside the border.
At this critical moment of life and death for the Chinese nation, on the eve of major changes in China's political landscape, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in the winter of 1935 (December 17-25). An enlarged meeting was held in Wayaobao, at which the policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front nationwide was formulated. After the Wayaobao Conference, in order to publicize the Party Central Committee’s political propositions on the all-people resistance to Japan and promote the upsurge of the national war of resistance with practical actions, Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai led the Red Front Army in the name of the “Chinese People’s Red Army Anti-Japanese Pioneer Army”. On February 20, 1936, he crossed the Yellow River and went on an eastward expedition, passing through Shanxi and rushing to the anti-Japanese front line in Hebei. On the eve of the Eastern Expedition, when Mao Zedong was directing the preparations for crossing the river in Yuanjiagou, Qingjian, Shaanxi, he looked at the heavy snow in the vast north and wrote this magnificent poem swallowing up the rivers and mountains in one breath.
But it was in October 1945 that the poem caused a shocking situation in China. It is indeed a rare miracle in ancient and modern times that a poem can cause such a big sensation.
In October of this year, Mao Zedong led a delegation of the Communist Party of China from Yan'an to Chongqing to conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang. During the negotiations, Chairman Mao was extremely happy to see his old friend Liu Yazi. Then he handwritten "Qinyuanchun·Snow" on a page of letterhead printed with "The 18th Group Army Chongqing Office". Presented to Liu Yazi.
After Liu Yazi read it, his heart was greatly agitated, and he immediately sang a song "Qinyuanchun", "The second rhyme and Chairman Mao's poem about snow are not as good as the original intention." In Liu's poem "Qinyuanchun" "After that, he wrote another postscript at the end of the poem, which we might as well copy below. Let us see how Liu Yazi, a famous poet of the generation, appreciated Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Snow": "The remaining knowledge moistens it, At the Second Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou in May 1926, Shi Runzhifang was appointed as the director of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang. In 1945, they met again in Yuzhou and shook hands with each other in confusion. Yu Suorun benefited from his poems about the Long March when he first came to northern Shaanxi to see the heavy snowfall and read a copy of "Qin Yuan Chun". Is it better to fight against Yu Zi’s skills?” Later, Liu Yazi reluctantly gave up his love and gave Chairman Mao’s ink of “Qin Yuan Chun·Snow” to the person who kept asking for it. The famous painter Yin Shoushi also wrote a postscript and sent it along with his own paintings.
In this postscript to Yin Shoushi, Liu Yazi continued to write: "Mao Runzhi's "Qinyuanchun" is a collection, and I have recommended it as a masterpiece for the ages. Even in Dongpo and You'an, I am still stunned. After that, there was no mention of Xiaoling of the Southern Tang Dynasty or slow poetry of the Southern Song Dynasty..."
Then Liu Yazi sent a copy of Chairman Mao's poems and his own poems to "Xinhua Daily" (China Central Committee). (a newspaper office based in Peidu, Chongqing at the time), the person in charge of the newspaper believed that he should ask Chairman Mao himself for instructions on publishing this poem. At that time, Chairman Mao had signed the "Double Ten Agreement" and returned to Yan'an, so asking for instructions would take time. Later, it was decided to publish Liu Yazi's poems first. Liu's poem immediately attracted widespread attention as soon as it came out, because people already knew from the preface of his poem that Chairman Mao had written a poem "Qinyuanchun" in praise of snow. For a time, journalists and cultural figures searched everywhere, and found some manuscripts circulating privately.
The person who first appeared in the newspaper was Wu Zuguang. At that time, he was the editor of the supplement "Western Night Stories" of a private newspaper in Chongqing, "Xinmin Daily Evening Edition". He copied the incomplete draft of this poem from three (or several) places, put it together completely, and published it in the second supplement of the newspaper on November 14, with the note: "Mr. Mao Runzhi is good at poetry." , seems to be little known. Some people have copied the phrase "Qinyuan Spring·Snow". It has unique style, rich literary sentiments, and unparalleled grandeur. According to Mao, it is a game work. It is not enough for young people, especially for outsiders. "
As soon as this poem came out, a spring thunder on the ground caused a great shock in Chongqing, and people rushed to tell each other and discuss with each other overnight, which became a constant. It has been a major news for a long time; from young people to old people, from offices to teahouses, comments and praises are endless. At the same time, it is like a thousand waves stirred up by a stone, and the water waves expand outwards one after another, until they expand to the entire land of 9.6 million square kilometers in China.
The Kuomintang panicked for a moment, and Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department to hold an emergency meeting to lay out a siege strategy. Day and night, various newspapers controlled by the Kuomintang reactionaries published a large number of "Qinyuanchun" that were diametrically opposed to Chairman Mao, and also wrote articles attacking Mao Zedong for having "imperial ideas" and so on.
Progressive people in Chongqing’s cultural circles also fought back against the bad behavior of the Kuomintang authorities. Guo Moruo took the lead in publishing his first harmonious poem "Qinyuan Chun" in the "Xinmin Daily Evening Magazine", and then published a harmonious poem with Nie Gannu in the "Objective" magazine. Mr. Wang Ruofei's uncle Huang Qisheng also wrote "Qinyuanchun" to counterattack. For a time, two factions of "Qinyuanchun" (revolutionary Qinyuanchun and reactionary Qinyuanchun) were fighting and dancing in the sky above Chongqing. "Qinyuanchun" ” has also become the mantra of thousands of citizens. At this time of intense public attention and fierce debate, a very shrewd restaurant owner in Chongqing immediately decided to name his restaurant "Qinyuanchun" and hung Chairman Mao's "Qinyuanchun·Snow" in the restaurant. Using this to attract customers, business suddenly boomed, and it was easy to make money every day.
So how did Chairman Mao deal with the enemy's accusation that this poem had "imperial thoughts"? Later, on December 21, 1958, Chairman Mao officially annotated the poem and pointed out the theme: "Snow: anti-feudalism, criticizing a reactionary aspect of two thousand years of feudalism. Literary talent, coquettishness, and large sculptures , it can only be said that this is poetry! Can you criticize these people? The other interpretations are wrong. "
Finally, let us. Let’s take a look at the artistic charm of this poem itself.
As Liu Yazi said before, Chairman Mao’s poem can be said to be the masterpiece of the ages, and his superb skills and mind are also the first poets in China since the beginning of poetry. Even Dongpo and Jiaxuan are second to him. .
Since ancient times, literati and poets have written many poems about snow, and excellent works have emerged one after another. However, Chairman Mao's poem about snow broke away from the stereotypes of his predecessors, with new ideas in words and ideas. At the same time, it also followed the ancient style, and it could not have been written without a big hand. It is indeed "sweeping across the world and sweeping away all eternity", and its grandeur encompasses thousands of miles of the motherland and the long history of China.
The last chapter begins with the heavy snowfall in the north. At the beginning, the vision is magnificent, thousands of miles, thousands of miles, frozen, snow-drifting, neat workmanships, going up to the sky and down to the earth, spreading out in all directions. The passion in the poet's heart has covered the "northern scenery" in one fell swoop.
Then he wrote about the elephants inside and outside the Great Wall and up and down the Yellow River using azimuth geography. He once again ran a heroic spirit through the four lines, including the east, south, west and north with great penpower.
Then take advantage of the unfinished heroic spirit, pause for a moment, and enter into detailed descriptions. The mountains are dancing like silver snakes, and the snowfields are galloping like white elephants. It is a metaphor for the coming of God. It takes no effort. Do you want this mountain and this snow to compete with God? The poet also uses this scene to hint at his heroic feelings of fighting against heaven and earth.
Love arises again with the scenery, and it leads the scenery. The poet is imagining beauty, waiting for the sun to shine brightly. On a sunny day, the bright sun shines on the pure white snow field, and the rivers and mountains are illuminated, and the colors are like a group of red clothes. The girl wrapped in plain clothes is gorgeous and charming, and her radiance is striking. This is the end of the poem. She is full of spirit and stands out from the vast snow. The mountains and rivers have a new red appearance, and the sun will surely rise. The essence of the essence gradually emerges, indicating that a new China will be born on the land of the motherland.
The beauty of the scenery naturally leads to the description of history in the lower column, because thousands of heroes in history have been vying to fall for the beautiful country, like the beauty of the country (using indirect personification rhetoric), singing. Naturally, as soon as the film is over, with the word "Xi" as the guide, seven consecutive sentences criticize historical figures, and finally give an overall evaluation of five famous Chinese emperors to "criticize a reactionary aspect of two thousand years of feudalism." (Author's words) A thousand years of merit and deeds have been wiped out in one stroke, and the momentum is like a great river going eastward, and the waves have wiped out all the heroes.
Then the three words "all gone" made another turn, and he sighed loudly, just like Confucius's sigh "The dead are like a man, not giving up day and night", and it is also a great sigh in the soul of the Chinese nation. Sigh. Immediately afterwards, the writing suddenly changed and I saw another surprise: "If you count the famous people, you still have to look at the present day."
This is a great hymn to the new look of contemporary China, a great hymn to the upcoming liberation of the Chinese people led by the Communist Party of China, and a great hymn to the upcoming liberation of the Chinese people in the east of mankind, above the dark old China. A great hymn to socialist China. As the poet himself said: "The last three sentences refer to the proletariat." The new China under the dictatorship of the proletariat will be born on this ancient land.