Admonishing Book 1
Teaching purpose
1. Recite the text and accumulate words such as precepts, husband, self-cultivation, seclusion, encouragement and enthusiasm.
2. Understand the main idea of the article and make a modern examination.
3. Understand the basic methods of reading classical Chinese.
Teaching focuses on difficult points
1. Recite the text and accumulate words such as precepts, husbands, self-cultivation, seclusion, encouragement and enthusiasm.
2. Understand the main idea of the article and make a modern examination.
Teaching time: 1 class hour
Teaching content and steps
1. Scenes are exciting
Zhuge Liang (181-234), born in Yangdu, Langya (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was the prime minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician and strategist.
Zhuge Liang worked hard to help the Shu-Han regime, and his spirit of "doing his best until he dies" was praised by all previous dynasties. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was portrayed as a model of Cheng Zhongchen and the embodiment of wisdom. Chengdu, Baoji, Hanzhong, Nanyang and other places have Wuhou Temple, and Du Fu wrote Shu Xiang to praise Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang has a great influence on the people and the government. There are a lot of two-part allegorical sayings, sayings and idioms related to him in later generations, such as Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from a straw boat-he borrowed it but didn't pay it back, and three heads are better than one-he was a Zhuge Liang, weeping and beheading Ma Su, caring for the cottage, devoting himself to his life, dying after his death, capturing Meng Huo, giving birth to Yu, and He Shengliang.
This article was written in the 12th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (in 234), when Zhuge Liang sent troops to fight martial arts, during which he wrote to Zhuge Jin, saying that "Zhuge Zhan is eight years old now, and he is very smart and lovely, but he is afraid that he will not be a great man in the future". On his deathbed, he wrote The Book of Commandments and Zhuge Zhan. This paper expounds the profound truth of cultivating one's morality and being a man, which not only benefited his descendants a lot, but also proved that Zhuge Zhan died in Mianzhu and served his country faithfully, and also provided reference for others to cultivate one's morality and resolve. Among them, the famous phrase "Not indifferent to one's ambition, not quiet and not far away" has influenced generations of people.
Students, let's learn this article today and see what inspiration we can get from it.
second, explore life
the first step is to read the text extensively and understand the meaning. When guiding students to read, it is required to combine notes, sort out the meaning of the text, simplify the important notes after class and move them to the relevant positions of the text. Mark the plot structure with serial numbers. Accumulate the following words in the reading process:
Caution: warning, advising people to be vigilant.
fu (fú): the words at the beginning of a paragraph or sentence lead to the following discussion, which is meaningless.
gentleman: a person with high moral character. Refers to ethics, morality and conduct.
self-cultivation: personal moral cultivation.
moral cultivation: cultivating moral character.
Dan Bo: Also written as "indifferent", quiet and not greedy for fame and fortune. Inner peace, no desire for fame and fortune. Have no desire. Mingzhi: Show your lofty aspirations.
tranquility: it means being quiet, concentrating and not distracting. Zhiyuan: achieve great goals.
success: achievement.
slowness: slackness and laziness.
encouragement: cheer up.
governing nature: "governing" leads to "smelting" and cultivates temperament.
and: follow.
chi: sprint, which means growth here.
go: fade away, fade away.
hence, just.
connecting with the world, getting in touch with society and undertaking affairs are beneficial to society. It means "using the world".
what will happen? how can it be in time?
* slowness: excessive enjoyment and slackness. *: excessive.
first, explore the structure
learning instruction: to understand the overall structure of the article, we should pay attention to understanding it through the structural characteristics of the article and the words or sentences that suggest ideas in the article. The general structure of the text is to present the object, describe the object directly and indirectly, and point out the meaning.
to understand the structure, we should start with grasping clues or literary eyes.
1. General requirements: quiet for self-cultivation and frugality for moral cultivation.
2. Method of self-cultivation: be quiet and far-reaching.
3. Method of studying: study quietly and be determined to succeed.
4. Behavior requirements: Don't be * slow to prevent rashness.
second, the inquiry center
learning instruction: the understanding center should find out the writing focus of the article and the part of the article that expresses feelings or comments on the whole content; Guide students to combine the above contents, summarize the center of the article according to the author's writing background and intention, and understand the meaning; Understand the profundity or novelty of this center and how this center is expressed in the original text; Guide students to understand the enlightenment of this center.
1. what is the center of this article?
Clear: Encourage my son to study hard and make up his mind. Self-cultivation should start from indifference and tranquility, and avoid laziness and rashness.
2. What does the center of this article inspire you?
the second step is to read the text intensively.
first, translate the text.
The teacher's comments are sorted out:
The character of a person with both ability and political integrity depends on inner peace and concentration to cultivate his body and mind, and on frugal style to cultivate his moral character. If you don't look down on worldly fame and fortune, you can't be clear about your ambitions, and you can't realize your lofty ideals without physical and mental peace. You must concentrate on your studies, and you must study hard to grow your talents. If you don't study hard, you can't increase your intelligence, and if you don't have a clear ambition, you can't achieve anything in your study. Pursuing excessive pleasure and laziness can't cheer up the spirit, and frivolous temper can't cultivate the temperament. As time goes by, the will will wear away with time, and finally, like dead branches and fallen leaves, they will become people who are of no use to society. What's the use of staying in their own narrow world and sighing sadly?
2. Understand the text and recite it:
1. How does Zhuge Liang ask his son to cultivate himself?
clear: we should work hard from the seclusion and tranquility.
2. what does Zhuge Liang think of the role of seclusion and tranquility?
clear: seclusion can lead to a bright future, while tranquility can lead to a distant future.
3. How does Zhuge Liang think he should study?
clear: be quiet and have ambition.
4. What consequences does Zhuge Liang think "* slow" and "rash" will lead to?
Clear: * Slowness can't cheer up the spirit, rashness can't cultivate the temperament, and it will cause the spirit to become increasingly weak with the passage of years, so it is useless to the world and sad to stay in poverty.
the third step is to familiarize yourself with the text and examine it in a modern way.
1. Interpretation of personality.
instruction in learning the law: instructing students to interpret the works individually according to their own life experiences and knowledge.
classroom inquiry:
1. Do you agree with the ideas in the text? Why?
2. What enlightenment did you get after learning this article?
expand reading
admonish nephew book Zhuge Liang
The husband should aim high, admire sages, abandon lust and stagnation. Make Shu (shù) a few ambitions, reveal that there is something left, and feel sorrowful; Endure flexion and extension, go to fine pieces, ask questions widely, and get rid of suspicion (xián) and meanness (lìn). Although there is stay for a long time, why harm beauty? Why suffer from it? If the will is not strong and the intention is not generous, it will be vulgar, silently tied to the feelings, and forever crouched in the mundane, which will inevitably lead to vulgarity.
To sum up the interest
From this book of Commandments, we can see that Zhuge Liang is a noble and knowledgeable father, and we can also see his earnest teaching and infinite expectations for his son.
We should understand the ways and methods of self-cultivation expounded by the author, the relationship between determination and learning, the importance of tranquility and indifference, and the harm of indulgence, neglect and extreme impatience, so as to guide our standing and doing things.
When learning this text, we should also understand the basic methods of learning classical Chinese and accumulate corresponding classical Chinese knowledge.
Admonishment II
The knowledge goal is to translate the full text on the basis of understanding the key words. Ability goal to understand the ideological significance of the article and understand the hierarchical relationship of the article. Emotional goal 1. Read the text and accumulate epigrams; Understand the main idea, be diligent and inspirational.
2. Guide students to understand the three conditions for success: ambition, learning and talent.
Teaching process 1. Introducing new lessons
Zhuge Liang died at the age of 54. Before his death, he once said something to his five-year-old son, which was later regarded as an ancestral motto by Zhuge family, showing how far-reaching he had influenced Zhuge's descendants. Today, we are going to learn this passage (writing on the blackboard: the book of commandments), and I believe everyone will benefit a lot. Second, the new teaching course
? Goal 1: read the text accurately and clear the main idea
1. Students can read the text freely, read the pronunciation correctly and pay attention to the pause.
2. Teachers and students * * * with clear text reading pause.
during a husband's/gentleman's/gentleman's trip, it is necessary to cultivate one's morality by being quiet and frugal, and to cultivate one's morality. It is not necessary to be quiet and clear-minded. If a husband/student needs to be quiet, he/she needs to learn. If he/she doesn't learn, he/she can't be broad-minded, and if he/she doesn't have ambition, he/she can't learn. * Slow ∕ then ∕ can't ∕ exert oneself, dangerous ∕ then ∕ can't ∕ cure. Years and time ∕ chi, meaning and day ∕ go, then become ∕ withered, more than ∕ meet the world, sad to keep ∕ poor Lu, what will ∕ recover.
read the text together.
teaching notes
‖ teaching tips ‖
To appreciate poetry, you must read aloud, and reading aloud should not only be correct and fluent, but also have feelings, so as to form a * * * sound with the poet's thoughts and feelings, and get beautiful enjoyment and beneficial life enlightenment.
? Goal-oriented learning 2: intensive reading of the text and accurate translation.
1. cooperative inquiry: working in groups to solve problems encountered in individual translation.
the teacher emphasizes the midpoint words.
(1) Explanation of key words
Quiet to cultivate one's self (cultivate one's body and mind), not quiet to achieve great goals (achieve great goals)
Not versatile (expand); * If you are slow, you can't concentrate (excessive neglect)
Years pass by (disappearing and passing away) and become withered (describing the passing away of a young man)
(2) Translation of key sentences
① You can't achieve your ambition unless you stay at home, and you can't achieve your goal unless you are quiet ... You can't learn widely, and you can't succeed unless you have ambition;
translation: You can't define your ambition without being quiet and indifferent, and you can't achieve your lofty goals without excluding external interference.
(2) years go with the times, meaning goes with the day, and then they wither, and most of them don't meet the world.
Translation: Years fade away at any time, and will eventually wither away as time goes by, making no contribution to society.
translate the full text.
people with high moral character and both ability and political integrity should cultivate themselves with quietness and cultivate their moral character with frugality. If you don't look down on worldly fame and fortune, you can't show your ambition, and if you don't think quietly, you can't achieve lofty goals. Learning must be quiet, and knowledge needs learning. If you don't learn, you can't broaden your knowledge, and you can't learn successfully if you don't make up your mind. Indulge in slackness, you can't strive for progress, and you can't refine your temperament if you are intolerant, violent and radical. Age flies with time, ambition fades with age, and finally energy is exhausted and knowledge is useless. Most of them are not used by society because they can't inherit the ambition of their predecessors, and they are sadly guarding the poor homes. There is no time to study at that time! ‖ teaching tips ‖
if students can solve it by themselves, let them go. If it can't be solved, the teacher will give you some advice. Pay attention to guiding students to learn ancient Chinese in combination with specific problems.
‖ Teaching tips ‖
When translating a text, you can translate it freely, and no matter what kind of translation, you should keep the sentence features of the original sentence (such as double negation) and the style features of the original text.
? Goal-oriented learning 3: read the text and understand the profound meaning.
what is the viewpoint expounded by the author of this article? What two aspects did the author discuss?
Clarity: Argument: Be quiet to cultivate one's morality, and be frugal to cultivate one's morality. This paper discusses it from two aspects: scholarship and self-cultivation, which is convincing.
2. The author of the text grasps the word "quiet" and tells his son what conditions he must have to be successful around learning.
Clear: (1) Indifference: if you don't stay in the park, you won't have a clear ambition, and if you don't be quiet, you won't be far away
(2) Determination: if you don't learn, you won't be able to learn
(3) Cherish the time: if the years go with the times, your intentions will fade away, and you will wither, and you will be unable to meet the world, and you will be sad to stay in the poor house.
3. what does Zhuge Liang think are the conditions for success? What's the relationship between them?
Clarity: Zhuge Liang believes that an ideal talent must have three basic conditions: ambition, learning and talent. Zhuge Liang advocated thrifty morality, quiet study, and extensive learning, which are interrelated and indispensable. If you want to become a talent, you must study hard, and if you want to learn something, you must establish high aspirations (only you need to learn, not to learn, not to learn, not to learn). Therefore, among the three, ambition is the basis of the premise of becoming a talent, and "self-cultivation and moral cultivation" is the key to becoming a talent.
4. "A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, frugal to cultivate one's morality, and not peaceful to achieve one's ambition." The core of this sentence is a word "static". What is the relationship between "frugality and morality" and "quietness"?
seemingly unrelated, but actually closely related. Because thrift can lead to abstinence and avoid waste. This requires people's inner world to remain quiet all the time, and they will not be distracted by the pursuit of rich material enjoyment.
? Goal-oriented learning 4: talk about feelings and inspiration
Students find an epigram they like from the text and talk about their understanding and inspiration.
Example 1: Time flies. We should cherish it. We can't wait until we get old and out of touch with the world before lamenting the wasted years. That won't help.
example 2: if a person wants to achieve something, he must aim high from an early age, otherwise there will be no direction in life. At the age of 12, Premier Zhou issued an oath of "studying for the rise of China", which inspired him to "devote all his life to the rise of China until he died".
‖ Teaching tips ‖
This problem is to guide students to clarify the hierarchical relationship of this article and adopt the method of group discussion. On this basis, teachers give instructions to help students understand the logical level of this article.
Third, blackboard writing design
Propose an argument: be quiet to cultivate one's morality, and be frugal to cultivate one's morality
Positive argument: you must be quiet before you can learn