The peacock flies southeast (related information)
Sentence characteristics information
The peacock flies southeast and lingers for five miles
This sentence at the beginning is both Get up and make comparisons again. The poet became inspired by things and used the beauty of the peacock to describe Lanzhi. "Wuli" means the general area. "Wandering" means hesitation and sadness. This sentence not only describes Lanzhi's mood, but also expresses the theme of the whole poem and is the finishing touch.
“At the age of thirteen, he could weave, and at the age of fourteen, he learned how to tailor clothes. At the age of fifteen, he could play the konghou, and at the age of sixteen, he could recite poems and books.
From the age of thirteen to sixteen, he used several Numbers constitute the layered beauty of language, going up step by step like a ladder. In the past four years, Lanzhi learned weaving, tailoring, and playing the harp, as well as knowledge, abilities, and skills in reading scriptures and etiquette. . This is a vertical elaboration that emphasizes that Lanzhi is smart, capable, versatile, and well-educated.
It’s too late for the adults.
This is a complex sentence. In rhymes, turning words are often omitted, but the meaning is indeed a turning point.
"What a waste!" ”
The subject should be added when translating, “Why are you so ignorant!” ”
Or translated as “Why are you so infatuated!” "Zhongqing's love for Lanzhi is expressed through Jiao's mother's words.
Move freely!
"Zi" is an adverbial pronoun. "Zhuan" and "You" are two A transitive verb controls the object "zi" and is modified by "zi" in parallel. "Zhuan" and "you" are synonyms.
Chicken crows. At dawn, the bride wears my embroidered skirt, her feet are slippery, her head is as shiny as tortoiseshell, her ears are as bright as onions, and her mouth is as bright as a red onion. . The delicate steps are unique in the world.
The beauty of Lanzhi's attire, clothing and accessories is highlighted here. Co-authored a series of metaphors such as "Liu Wan Su", "Ming Yue Zhen", "Peeled Onion Root", "Containing Zhu Dan", and they are exaggerated.
You are like a rock, and I am like a pampas grass. . The pampas grass is like silk, and the rock does not shift.
Excellent metaphor, this parting vow is consistent and coherent with the "Swear to God" above and the "two feelings are dependent on each other" below.
Thirteen teaches you how to weave, and fourteen can teach you how to tailor clothes. The role of presentation.
The word "Yaoyou" has a continuous rhyme.
The official sees Ding Ning.
Ding Ning has a continuous rhyme. .
Nonofuler.
The use of overlapping words enhances the imagery.
The metaphorical sentence. It is a metaphor for the number of people coming and going in the governor's house.
The word "Mian" is used to describe the shape of a green horse.
The two sounds are connected, and the shape is like something.
The overlapping words highlight the prosperous and lively appearance.
The sunset is dull. The gloomy look and the overlapping characters make the scenery more prominent.
I have biological parents, both persecutors and brothers.
"Parents" only refers to "mother", and "brothers" only refer to them. "Brother" is a compound word with partial meaning.
It looks like a compound sentence, but in fact it is a combined sentence of a single sentence. It means: I am forced by my mother and brother. This is due to the specific language environment. The complete five-character sentence is arranged in this way.
If I respond to others, what else can you hope for?
The main sentence is in the form of a rhetorical question, which is more powerful than the positive statement "You still have no hope".
Hateful and hateful!
Repeated words, extremely angry.
It is windy and cold today, and the cold wind is destroying the trees, and the frost is covering the orchids. .
It is a hint that something unfortunate is going to happen.
Be careful not to die for your wife.
The main sentence is about cause and effect. First, the partial sentence traces the reason. This sentence pattern is used in urgent situations where the result is urgent. Mother Jiao is afraid that her son will die, so she rushes to give instructions first. Jiao's mother argued with her son based on feudal ethics, and her rhetorical questions were more powerful than speaking directly.
After dusk, the lonely people settle down.
The overlapping character of "奄奄" means "darkness", describing darkness.
The overlapping word "Jiji" highlights the silence of the night. In the middle of the night of "Ren Ding", from 9 to 11 pm (Hai Shi), it is called "Ren Ding" late at night when people rest.
Thank you to future generations, and be careful not to forget!
Also a statement. The subject is omitted due to general reference.
This is the author’s warning. "Thank you" takes the extended meaning here and means to advise. "Chen" is derived from the meaning of "caution" as a word for prohibition, and is annotated as "ten thousand". Rhetorically, "Jie Zhi", "Be careful" and "Don't forget" are three tautologies, forming a five-character sentence pattern, which specifically emphasizes learning lessons.
Text Appreciation Instructions
Plot Structure
"The Peacock Flies Southeast" is the earliest long narrative poem in the history of ancient Chinese literature, and also the most outstanding poem in ancient my country. Folk narrative poetry.
The small preface at the beginning explains the time, place, characters and the process of forming the poem. The story takes place during the Jian'an period in the late Han Dynasty and is based on real people and true events. Selected from "New Odes of Yutai" compiled by Xu Ling of the Southern Dynasties. The whole poem has 357 lines and 1,785 words. Shen Guiyu called it "the first long poem in ancient and modern times".
This poem is in chronological order, taking the love between Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing and the persecution of feudal patriarchy as the clues of conflicts. It can also be said that it follows the tragic development of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing's separation, resistance to marriage, and sacrifice for love. Narrated through clues, it reveals the sins of feudal ethics that destroy the happy lives of young men and women, and praises the loyal love and rebellious spirit of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing.
Plot development and structure.
Rising: The peacock flies southeast, lingering for five miles.
The first part, the beginning (from "Thirteen Energy Weavers" to "Repatriation in Time"), is Lanzhi's statement to Zhongqing, which raises questions and develops conflicts at the beginning. Lanzhi and Zhongqing were deeply in love and were supposed to grow old together, but their mother-in-law wouldn't allow it and would force them to divorce.
The second part, development (from "officials can hear about it" to "the two love each other"), writes that Lanzhi was sent home, Zhongqing said goodbye to Lanzhi, and vowed to bring Lanzhi back again. Write three items in this part.
1? From "The government officials must hear it" to "Be careful not to violate my words", it is written that Zhongqing begged his mother for mercy, but was reprimanded, so he had to persuade Lanzhi to return to her parents' home, still holding on to the illusion of reuniting. .
2? From "the bride called the official" to "she shed tears for more than a hundred lines", the description of Lanzhi's personality, demeanor and movements show her determination, calmness, holding back the pain in her heart and her mother-in-law and sister-in-law. bid farewell.
3. From "the government official is in front of me" to "the two love each other and rely on each other", it describes the separation emotions of Lanzhi and Zhongqing. When the two broke up, they were reluctant to leave.
The third part, development (from "entry into the family hall" to "yuyu ascends the county gate"), writes about Lanzhi's experiences after returning home. This part of the plot is more complicated, so write three items.
1? The mother did not understand her daughter at first, but after her daughter’s narration, she finally understood her daughter’s situation.
2? However, my brother firmly refused. He looks at the problem completely from a snobbish perspective, has no brother-sister relationship, and must force his sister to remarry.
3. Write about the extravagance of the Jun family’s marriage.
The fourth part, the climax (from "My mother calls me my daughter" to "I hang myself on a southeastern branch"), describes the death of Lanzhi and Zhongqing in love, which is the climax of the whole poem.
The fifth part, the ending (from "the two families seek to be buried together" to the end), expresses the poet's strong desire.
Second characters and dialogue
This poem successfully shapes the artistic images of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing. In addition to their tragic behaviors, dialogue plays a decisive role in expressing their typical characters. role.
Liu Lanzhi is strong and steady, not succumbed to coercion, nor moved by glory. She understood that her mother-in-law wanted to expel her, so she took the initiative to "repatriate" her mother-in-law and said to Zhongqing, "I cut off five horses in three days, so I think it is too late. If it is not because of the delay in weaving, it will be difficult for the wife of the Jun family." She said to her mother-in-law, "I will accept my mother's money." He has too much silk and cannot be driven by his mother." He is neither arrogant nor humble, and is very well-educated. When her brother forced her to get married, she said, "The punishment is suitable for him, so he has to take charge of his own duties." She is soft on the outside but strong on the inside, and has her own ideas. Liu Lanzhi is also a kind and gentle woman. She is considerate and understanding of Zhongqing. On the one hand, she is loyal to love, "You are like a rock, and I am like pampas grass, and the pampas reeds are like silk, and the rock cannot be moved." ".
Jiao Zhongqing also has a very distinct personality. He is loyal to love and does not dare to fight directly. He can only resist passively and endure the humiliation. He loved Lanzhi deeply and threatened, "If I send this woman away now, I will never take her back again until I grow old." No wonder "my mother heard about it" and became "very angry". Later, when he had no choice but to bid farewell to Lanzhi for a while, he solemnly declared: "I vow not to be separated from you" and "I vow not to let God be my fault." He also said, "I don't drive you away, I force you to have my mother." He was outspoken and had a clear attitude. From the passage when he returned home to bid farewell to his mother, we can see Zhongqing's rebellious character: "Today there is a strong wind and cold, the cold wind destroys the trees, and the severe frost freezes the orchids in the courtyard. My son is in the dark today, and my mother is alone behind me. Pretending Don't blame ghosts and gods for bad plans!" These words were like a bolt from the blue, but the feudal patriarch Jiao's mother did not change her mind and took back her life. In the end, Zhongqing ignored Jiao's mother's advice and violated "There are three types of unfilial piety, and the greatest is not having children." "The feudal ethics and ethics hanged themselves in the courtyard tree. It is obvious that this loyal love character, like Lange, is full of rebellious spirit.
Jiao Mu is a prominent negative image. She is an extremely arrogant and unreasonable woman. She has no understanding or sympathy for Lanzhi's virtues and the love of Zhongqing and his wife, and she is determined to act arbitrarily. To Zhongqing, she threatened him with evil words: "I have been angry for a long time, how can you be free!" "You are so fearless, how dare you help a woman!" Then she coaxed her with nice words: "My boss has a virtuous daughter. My name is Qin Luofu, my body is extremely pitiful, my mother begs for you. "The purpose is to ask Zhongqing to send Lanzhi quickly to remove the thorn in her side, so as to maintain her parental authority." This fully exposes the ugly nature of feudal patriarchy in destroying young people.
Not much is written about the other negative image of Brother Liu, but his sexual behavior is violent, he tends to follow the crowd, and his ugly appearance is exposed.
He said to Lanzhi: "Why not make a plan? If you marry a government official first and then a husband, will you be as peaceful as heaven and earth and be able to honor your body? If you don't marry a righteous man, what will you do in the future?" "Why not make a plan?" Measure!" He scolded harshly and domineeringly. "Marry a government official first... it will be enough for you to be honored." You tend to follow the trend and forget your righteousness when you see the benefits. Shen Deqian's comment on these lines of poems said: "A villain only desires wealth and honor, regardless of etiquette and justice, and this is what he says." "If you don't marry a righteous man, what will you want to do?" The implication is: "Do you want me to support you? For the rest of my life?" He issued an eviction order, which shows that he is acrimonious, ruthless and a typical philistine face.
Three expression techniques
1. Personalization of character dialogue (see above)
2. Techniques of presentation and parallelism
Poetry At the beginning, "Thirteen was good at weaving, fourteen learned tailoring, fifteen played the konghou, sixteen recited poems. Seventeen was a gentleman's wife, and her heart was always miserable." This is a vertical layout, in chronological order, highlighting the versatility of the poem. , Educated characteristics. Listing numbers should be viewed as intertextual and cross-expressed. Detailed description of Lanzhi's dress at home, "...slender and delicate steps, exquisite and unparalleled in the world." From the feet to the head, to the waist, to the ears, to the fingers, to the mouth, to the steps, a series of exaggerated elaborations are intended to describe Her beauty also shows her calmness and calmness. The description of the luxurious ostentation of the eunuch's wedding shows Lanzhi's integrity unmoved by wealth and wealth. It also creates a contrast between the happiness of the eunuch's family and the sadness of Lanzhi and Zhongqing, which strengthens the tragedy. The arrangement and arrangement of this poem are conducive to shaping the characters, and also bring the beauty of rhythm and color to the poem.
3? Rising and ending
“The peacock flies southeast and lingers for five miles.” The rising line gives the whole poem a tragic atmosphere. The story begins with a peacock losing its partner and ends with a pair of mandarin ducks flying together. This artistic technique, which associates the love of beautiful birds with the separation of husband and wife, originated from folk songs and is extremely expressive.
Problem-solving guidance
Titles of the five parts of the poem
rising (first two sentences)
The first part (from "Thirteen can weave food" to "repatriate each other in time"): Lanzhi is repatriated (beginning)
The second part (from "officials can hear about it" to "two emotions depend on each other") : Husband and wife vow to say goodbye (development)
The third part (from "entry into the family hall" to "yuyu ascends the county gate"): Lanzhi's resistance to marriage (development)
The fourth part (From "My mother called me my daughter" to "I hung myself on a southeastern branch"): Both died in love (climax)
Part 5 (from "the two families asked for a joint burial" to "don't forget to be careful") : Warning to future generations (End)
The whole poem is narrated according to the tragic development clues of Zhongqing and Lanzhi's separation, resistance to marriage, and sacrifice for love.
Two 1? Langzhi couldn't bear it anymore and invited herself to go home, resolute and decisive.
"Unbearable" means that it is intolerable. The "disciple" in "left alone with nothing to do" and the "timely" in "sent back in time" clearly show Lanzhi's clear decision-making.
2? Jiao Zhongqing: Suppresses his resentment and pain, and is loyal to love; but sticks to filial piety and is weak and incompetent.
"If I send this woman away now, I will never take her back again!" Using a hypothetical sentence, it appropriately expresses the personality of being soft on the outside and strong on the inside. "End of life" to show determination.
Jiao’s mother: Angry, vigorously maintaining authority, domineering.
The "how dare" in "How dare you help a woman" is very expressive.
3?Brother Liu is unjust, selfish and cruel.
"What do you want to do?" He expressed his determination in a questioning tone, which shows that Brother Liu is still a somewhat cultivated person.
4. Lanzhi is reasonable and knows that she and Zhongqing are both oppressed people. Lanzhi understood Zhongqing's pain and showed her generosity, loyalty and strong character.
"The same is true for you and your concubines", the language is plain and the meaning is rich, making readers think deeply.
The beginning of the third poem is "Peacock flies southeast, wandering five miles away", using specific images to enhance the atmosphere and stimulate readers' imagination. In terms of conception, it also has the function of unifying the whole poem and triggering the story. At the end, the birds are buried together and "raise their heads to each other and sing to each other every night." They cannot stay together in life, but they can "sing to each other" in death, and "every night they sing to each other", which expresses people's pursuit of free love and a happy life. Strong desire. At the end of the poem, he said, "Thank you to future generations, and be careful not to forget them." It also expresses the anger and good wishes.
Four "The rooster crows and the dawn is coming...the two emotions are dependent on each other."
This paragraph begins to write about the beauty of Lanzhi, "the waist is like a flowing man", "the mouth is like a red pill" ", "Slim and delicate steps, exquisite and unparalleled in the world"; in the middle, he bids farewell to his mother and sister-in-law, but he is so humble and reasonable; in the end, he writes about the couple's love and vows, with deep and affectionate words. The husband and wife were loving and noble, but they were violently separated, which made people feel pity and indignation.
"When the government officials heard about this change... they would never be whole again."
When the government officials heard about the change and the couple reunited, they could only "sigh and feel sad." Zhongqing complained and vowed to "go to hell". Lanzhi knew very well that "the same is true for you and your concubine", so she had no choice but to make an appointment to "meet under the underworld, do not violate today's words"! A loving couple could not resist under high pressure, their love was strong, and they were extremely calm, so they decided to make an appointment " "Meet each other under the underworld" shows the loyalty and helpless resistance of acquaintances, which is really a life tragedy that makes people's blood boil.
Teaching Suggestions
This lesson will be taught in two periods.
Read the whole poem in an introduction to grasp the plot and characters
The text is long, focus on reading, clarify the plot clues, and appreciate the dialogue between the characters.
1? Five paragraphs from "Thirteen can weave elements" to "Will not agree with each other".
In the first five paragraphs, the conflicts between the characters emerge and are very sharp.
Lanzhi: "I can't bear to be driven around" and "send me back in time".
Zhong Qing: "If I send this woman away now, I will never take her back again!"
My mother: "I have lost my kindness and will not agree with you!"
Lanzhi and Jiaomu are at odds with each other, Zhongqing passively resists, and the conflict begins.
The characters’ delicate thoughts and feelings: Zhongqing first congratulates, then complains, and then swears, "I will go to hell alone." Lanzhi first showed sympathy and sympathy, and then vowed to "see each other under the underworld". Zhongqing's "The rock is square and thick and can last for thousands of years; the pampas grass can survive for a while", Lanzhi's "Both are forced, and so are you and your concubine". The author's narrative line "We must say goodbye to each other in death. It’s okay to hate or hate.” They are all wonderful poems with strong artistic expression.
Related information
The realism of "The Peacock Flies Southeast" (Tang Tao)
Because it is a narrative poem, not only does it have characters, the author also uses line drawing techniques The character's personality is portrayed extremely vividly. Judging from the current content, this long poem seems to have been sung for a period of time after it was born. The character of the characters gradually enriched during the sung process, so each character is permeated with the emotions of the working people. This kind of emotion is not only expressed as a clear distinction between love and hate, but also shows a baht expression. The author denies everything that should be denied and affirms everything that should be affirmed. However, whether he denies or affirms, he does not follow a simple formula, but uses complex and specific descriptions to hint at the social status and personality of the characters. characteristics and give them appropriate evaluations. From the perspective of the depth of life grasped by the author, we must say that this is an outstanding example of realist artistic creation in Chinese classical literature.
Take Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi as examples. Zhongqing was born into a family of officials, and he worked as an official in the prefect's mansion. Although his rank was humble, he was already qualified to be "ranked" in the strict clan society, so his mother said: "You are the son of a big family, and you are an official in the officialdom." "Tai Ge" will rely on its backing to achieve success in the future. Obviously, he was a golden bird who grew up in a cage and developed a reserved and cowardly personality. He is a kind-hearted white-faced scholar. The author basically affirms his struggle, but when describing it, he tightly sticks to his unique character experience and character traits. Zhongqing loved his wife deeply. When he knew that his mother was going to expel Lanzhi, he first politely "approved" and then "kneeled down to sue." When his mother "made her furious", he "silently" withdrew. He came out, returned to his room, and faced Lanzhi, "choked and unable to speak," and said, "I don't drive you away, I force you to have my mother." On the one hand, he persuaded Lanzhi to be humble and return to her parents' home temporarily, agreeing to pick her up in the future, but in fact he only had some fantasy expectations and no practical solution. Lanzhi was forced to get married, and he declared that he would commit suicide alone, and even told his mother about this plan. After Lanzhi's death, he loved Lanzhi so much that he finally died for her love. The author wrote that he was "under the courtyard tree" "Wandering" for a while, and then hanged himself, vividly painting the character and appearance of this timid scholar.
Lanzhi is different from him. Although the poem uses the exaggerated writing style commonly used in classical works, especially folk literature, to describe her knowledge and ethics, as well as her dowry and dress, in a wealthy society, "being born in the wild" means that her family background is not good enough. The "nine-grade Zhongzheng" eye. She is an independent woman who grew up in a well-off family. She is beautiful, smart, and capable. Although the author also tries his best to write about her kindness and gentleness, there is a kind of rigidity and resistance that cannot be concealed in her kindness and gentleness. A primitive form of the imagined self-consciousness of the oppressed. This rigidity does not necessarily have to be understood from what Jiao's mother said, "This woman has no etiquette and acts freely", but is more widely dispersed in all the details of Lanzhi's actions. When she understood Jiao's mother's intention, she asked herself without waiting for the other party to speak: "I can't bear to be driven around, and I can't do anything for you, so I can send you back to me in time." Zhongqing cried to her without saying a word. , unable to do anything, she said: "Don't repeat the disagreement." He advised her to go back to her parents' home temporarily and meet again later, and she said: "Why do you want to come back again?" She saw the problem clearly and understood the situation she was in. It shows the dignity of an ordinary person's personality. However, the author does not simply deal with this one-sidedly. Lanzhi understands Zhongqing's character, but she loves Zhongqing, and she also knows that Zhongqing loves her. The deep love for her children made her still have to have some illusions about the cold reality. Zhongqing said goodbye to her, and she warned her like this: "If you see the record, I will see you soon." This is what she will inevitably produce under specific conditions. 's only hope. The county magistrate sent someone to act as a matchmaker, but she declined: "You can judge the letter yourself, and tell me more slowly." Finally, her brother said, "If you don't marry the righteous man, what will happen to you?" Rigidity immediately took over Lanzhi's soul. , the inviolable sense of dignity in the position of the weak and oppressed sublimated in her heart, and she decided to use her life to express her final protest, so she "raised her head" and answered, quickly agreeing.
When she left the Jiao family, she was very calm about saying goodbye to her mother and aunt; when it was time to remarry, she was very calm about making clothes; even in the end, she "taken the skirt" "Take off your silk shoes and go to the clear pool" does not show any hesitation or hesitation. She never gave in to circumstances. It is difficult to test how many people enriched Liu Lanzhi's character during the singing process, but this is indeed the most beautiful expression of the glorious personality of a weak and oppressed person under the historical conditions at that time. The cruelty and transformation of the environment lift the spirits of the characters. The author uses simple descriptions and integrates details into actions one by one, making the work have the appeal of a soul-catching and powerful poem based on reality.
Lenin said that Marxism not only did not "abandon the most precious achievements of the bourgeois era, but on the contrary absorbed and transformed everything of value in the development of human thought and culture for more than two thousand years." As one of the great poems of ancient folk literature, "The Peacock Flies Southeast" uses a realistic expression method, which not only exposes the evils of feudal clan rule, but also records the true feelings of the people 1,700 years ago in a far more profound and extensive way. It is a wonderful flower in the art garden and a mirror of history.
March 1954 in Shanghai
(Selected from Volume 9 of "Collected Works of the Tang Dynasty", Social Sciences Literature Press 1995 edition)
Explanation of the second verse ( Zhang Zhongxing)
1? The matchmaker went there for a few days, looking for the Prime Minister to ask him to return him. He said that there was a daughter of the Lan family who had a eunuch in his family.
Textbook notes are available for reference.
There is another explanation, that is, the following sentences are believed to be said by the county magistrate when he came to Liu Lanzhi's house and said to Liu Lanzhi's mother. "It is said that a daughter of the Lan family has a eunuch in her lineage." It was the county magistrate who said that he had spoken well of his daughter Liu Lanzhi in front of the prefect and boasted that Lanzhi came from a famous family. This is a flattering tone. The following few sentences were the county magistrate explaining the origin of the proposal to Liu Lanzhi's mother. These words were all in line with the tone of the matchmaker. Several sentences are preceded by "shuo", "yun" and "zhishuo" respectively. The author uses different words to avoid repetition. Their subjects are all county magistrates.
In addition, "Lan family daughter" should refer to Liu Lanzhi. Wen Renxia's "Ancient Poetry Notes" says: "The character Lan may be a mistake of Liu". This guess is reasonable.
2? "After dusk, the lonely people decide the beginning" and the ancient timekeeping method.
One day and one night constitute one day. Our country has long had records of dividing a day and night into several segments to record time. For example, day and night were divided into eight segments in the Yinwu Ding Dynasty, ten segments in the Zujia Dynasty, and twelve segments in the Zhou Dynasty, and each segment had a name. Judging from the names, the segments are based on the sky color and daily activities. For example, when the sun rises, it is called Dan, Zao, Chao, and Chen; When the sun is approaching noon, it is called Yuzhong, when the sun is setting in the west it is called Zang, and so on. The ancients had two meals a day. The morning eclipse was after sunrise and before sunrise, and this period was called eating time or flea eating time; the evening eclipse was after sunrise and before sunrise, and this period was called midday (afternoon) time. After sunrise is dusk, after dusk is Rending; after Rending is midnight, after midnight is rooster crow and Meidan (also known as Meishuang, Pingdan or Pingming). We have learned about this, and we have reviewed the ancient books such as "The woman said the rooster crows, and the scholar said the rooster crows" ("The Book of Songs·Zheng Feng·The woman said the rooster crows"), "The lonely man is at the beginning" (the ancient poem "The Peacock Flies Southeast"), etc. You will understand.
After the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the ancients had a method of dividing day and night into equal parts, and used twelve chen (Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, etc.) as the names of the twelve hours. This division was still used until the early Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Western methods were adopted to divide the twelve hours of the day and night into 24 hours (that is, one hour is equal to two hours), and each hour was subdivided into the beginning and the right hour. For example, 23 o'clock is Zichu, 24 o'clock in the middle of the night is Zizheng, and one o'clock in the morning is Zizheng. It is Chouchu, two points are Chouzheng, and so on.
There is a related question, that is, when does the beginning of the day begin? The earliest day should be the sunrise, such as Pingdan in summer and rooster's crow in Yin. In the Zhou Dynasty, the day began at midnight. Since then, the date has been set at midnight and is still used today.
The research and evaluation of "The Peacock Flies Southeast" in various academic fields have always started from aspects such as anti-ethical ethics, storyline, artistic level, etc. The article "Yuefu Poetry "The Peacock Flies Southeast" and the Marriage Customs of the Han Dynasty" can be regarded as A precedent for research from a folklore perspective. The author believes that ""The Peacock Flies Southeast" is a great poem that reflects the most typical marriage customs of the Han Dynasty. Every aspect of the marriage customs is reflected between the lines. In terms of value in the field of folklore, it is unmatched by any Han Dynasty poetry." By analyzing the whole poem word by word, we analyze the premarital education and marriage age of women in the Han Dynasty, the domineering parents' control over women's marriage, the phenomenon of divorce and remarriage, the "six rites" for concluding a wedding, the love vows of the Han Dynasty and the "Qinglu" of the Han Dynasty. Six aspects of the system are explained, so that the marriage customs of the Han Dynasty are fully displayed in front of us.