Teaching objectives:
Knowledge and abilities:
1. Understand the elements of novels.
2. Understand initially how to read novels starting from the plot.
3. Be able to analyze the process and reasons of the psychological changes of Little Franco; be able to analyze the significance of shaping the image of Little Franco.
4. The role of language description, action description and psychological description. Able to analyze Mr. Hamel's thoughts and character based on his language, actions, and appearance.
Process and method:
1. Through reading, explain the three elements of the novel;
2. Teaching methods: free reading method, taste and experience method, Discussion and analysis method
Emotional attitudes and values:
Feel the strong patriotism expressed in the novel and inspire the thoughts and emotions of loving the rented country.
Teaching focus:
Analyze the two characters of Little Francis and Mr. Hamel.
Teaching difficulties:
Mr. Hamel’s opinions on French and the thoughts and feelings contained in the description of the ending actions.
Learning and teaching methods:
1. Literature method: guide students to collect the writing background of the work and understand the writer and history during preview.
2. Reading method: read silently, appreciate reading, clarify ideas, become familiar with the plot, and retell it in simple language.
3. Inquiry method: In the process of reading and discussing, analyze the development and changes of the characters' thoughts and feelings, experience the characters' inner activities, and then understand the characters' qualities, personality characteristics and social significance.
4. Innovation method: Inspire students to spread the wings of imagination and carry out writing transfer.
Teaching time:
Two lessons
Teaching process:
1. Introduce interest? Stimulate interest and complete accumulation
A nation has a national language, and a country has a national dignity. Learning to love the language of the nation is to safeguard the dignity of the country and is a concrete manifestation of the spirit of patriotism. Mr. Gu Yanwu, a patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, once said: "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Fan Zhongyan, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, also said: "Worry first when the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy." These words reflect the author's deep patriotism. Regardless of whether it is ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign, the deep patriotism of all patriots is the same. Similarly, regardless of their age, their patriotism can be connected. French writer Daudet's "The Last Lesson" reflects the French people's deep love for their mother tongue, love for their motherland, and love for their nation.
2. The first teaching section: Check the preview
1. Check the pronunciation, shape and meaning of the word
2. Clarify the learning objectives
3. What new knowledge did you learn in the preview?
4. About the author:
Alphonse Daudet, (1840--1897), 19th century France The novelist was born into a declining silk merchant family. When he was 15 years old, his family went bankrupt and he was forced to drop out of school to make a living. He created 13 novels, four collections of short stories and a script throughout his life. The short story collection "Mill Notes" and the novel "Little Things" earned its reputation. He enlisted in the army during the Franco-Prussian War and participated in the self-defense war, which enriched his creative themes and wrote the famous collection of short stories "Yuehui Stories". One of the sets of patriotic stories shows the writer's noble pursuit. Among them, "The Last Lesson" and "The Siege of Berlin" are famous short stories in the world. "The Last Lesson" was written by the author in 1873. At this time, the Franco-Prussian War had just ended two years ago.
5. Introduce the historical background:
In 1870, Prussia invaded France and the Franco-Prussian War broke out. After France was defeated, it signed a peace treaty and ceded the two states of Alsace and Lorraine to to Prussia. After the Prussian government occupied it, in order to make the local people forget their motherland forever so that they could rule this place forever, they issued an order: students in the two states were only allowed to be taught German and no longer allowed to teach French. "The Last Lesson" reflects this incident.
6. Novel
Novel is one of the basic forms of literature alongside poetry, prose, and drama. The novel focuses on portraying characters and broadly reflects social life through complete storylines and specific environmental descriptions.
Three elements
Character (create characters through appearance, language, action, psychology, demeanor, and detailed description)
Environment (social environment: explain the background of the times) ;Natural environment: explain the time, place, scenery, and atmosphere of the characters' activities, and express the characters' personalities and emotions)
Plot (beginning, development, climax, ending)
Classification of novels. : Divided according to length: novel, medium-length, short story, short novel (micro-novel).
3. The second teaching section: Listening and reading? -------Overall perception and clarifying ideas
1. What is the genre of this article? Novel. Who are the protagonists of this article? Mr. Hamel and Little Franz. Summarize the theme of this article in one sentence? It reflects the strong patriotism spirit of the French people when their country was lost.
2. Who am I? Is it Daudet? Why?
I am little Franz. It’s not Dude, because this is a novel and the characters are fictitious.
What role does Little Franz play in the novel?
This first-person writing method can give readers a cordial and real feeling.
First of all, Little Franz plays a role in running through the plot of the novel. The author writes about little Franz's truancy and schooling experience. Through his whereabouts, he writes about several interrelated but separate scenes: the training ground of Prussian soldiers, the bulletin board of the town hall, and the school in the small town. Without such a character, the scenes would hardly be organized into an organic piece.
Secondly, Little Franz also played an important role in deepening the theme of the novel. Alsace was ceded to Prussia. The Alsatian people not only lost the land where they were born and raised, but also lost the mother tongue they used day and night. How to express such painful emotions? The author chose Little Franz, a naughty boy who usually doesn't like to learn French, and uses his inner feelings to reflect the painful feelings of the entire nation. This writing method has an extremely strong contrasting effect and produces a strong soul-shaking effect.
3. Analyze the characters, thoughts and emotions from the plot (based on the reference book)
The novel uses "my" experiences and experiences as clues. According to the plot, the text can be divided into Which parts?
Clearly: The novel uses "my" experiences and experiences as clues, and arranges the plot in the order of the way to school, class, and after school. *** is divided into four parts.
The first part: (1-6) The beginning of the story.
Write about what little Franz saw, heard and felt on his way to school.
The second part: (7-23) The development of the story.
Written the scene when Mr. Hamel taught the "last lesson" and the transformation of little Franz.
The third part: (24-29) The climax and ending of the story.
Write that Mr. Hamel sadly and angrily announced the end of the "last lesson".
4. The third teaching section: Analyzing character images
(1) Reading the description of Little Francis’ language, movements, and psychological activities
Side While reading, use a pen to outline the characters' language, actions, psychological activities and other important sentences to understand the characters' thoughts and feelings. According to the three changes in thoughts and feelings of Little Franz, the children are divided into three groups, and each group answers a question.
a. From being playful and not loving learning to loving grammar
b. From being afraid of teachers to understanding, sympathizing with and respecting teachers
c. From being childish Sensible enough to love the motherland
Summary: Little Franz is a naughty child who is not strict in his studies and wants to skip school because he is afraid of being scolded by the teacher. But in the last lesson, his thoughts and feelings changed drastically. There are many reasons for this change. He was not a bad boy to begin with. He was playful, but he could still control himself. He has a good teacher, and Hamel's words and deeds have a huge educational effect on him. But more importantly, it was the huge shock brought by the tragedy of national subjugation, which was the typical environment of "The Last Lesson". It was the Prussian invaders' ruthless harm to the national sentiments of the French people that contributed to the development of patriotism deep in the heart of little Franz. Awakening. (Write on the blackboard: Psychology of language and action)
(2) Taste the image of Mr. Hamel
1. What kind of person is Mr. Hamel?
Clear : Mr. Han Maier is an ordinary rural primary school teacher who loves his motherland, loves his motherland’s language, and loves his job.
2. What are the descriptive methods used to depict the characters in the novel? What psychological activities and personality traits can be reflected in the characters at that time?
Clear: The author is good at using language, actions, demeanor and psychology. Description is used to express the character's thoughts and feelings and reveal the character's inner world.
The portrayal of Hamel is mainly carried out through language, movements and expressions.
1. Language:
Mr. Hamel had already sat on the chair and said to us softly and seriously as he had just spoken to me: My children, this This is the last time I teach you. An order has come from Berlin that only German is allowed to be taught in schools in Alsace and Lorraine. The new teacher will arrive tomorrow. Today is your last French class. I hope you will study hard.
I heard Mr. Hamel say to me: ?I don’t blame you, little Franz, you must be miserable enough. That's it. Everyone thinks like this every day: Forget it, there is plenty of time, it’s not too late to study again tomorrow. 'Now look at our results. Alas, it is the greatest misfortune of the Alsatian people to always put off learning until tomorrow.
Now those guys have a reason to say to us: What? You still call yourself French when you can’t even speak or write your own language!?’ However, poor little Franz didn’t It's not your fault alone. We all have a lot to blame ourselves for. ?
?Your parents don’t care enough about your studies. In order to make more money, they would rather ask you to leave your books in the fields and work in the cotton mills. As for me, don’t I have something to blame myself for? Don’t I often ask you to drop your homework and water the flowers for me? When I go fishing, don’t I just give you a day off?
? I My friends, he said, I--I--?
But he was choked and couldn't go on.
Clearly: The novel expresses his love for the motherland, the language of the motherland, and his work, as well as his deep love and infinite hope for the children of the motherland through what he said in the "last lesson". And the deep sorrow and painful thoughts and feelings about the fall of the country.
2. Actions and demeanor:
He turned towards the blackboard, picked up a piece of chalk, used all his strength, and wrote two big characters:?
< p> Then he stayed there, leaning his head against the wall, without saying a word, and only made a gesture to us?He saw Mr. Hamel sitting in the chair, motionless, staring. He looked at the things around him, as if he wanted to take away everything in this small classroom.
Clear: The novel profoundly reveals the character’s inner excitement, sorrow, attachment, grief and anger, and shows his lofty patriotism.
Clear the analysis method of novel characters: read the description? analyze the image? reveal the root cause
5. The fourth teaching module
1. Where is the article used? What is the role of environmental description?
Clarity: There are such descriptions in paragraphs 1-6 of the text:
?The weather is so warm and sunny! Thrushes are whirling by the woods. Singing; Prussian soldiers were drilling on the grass behind the sawmill. In the past two years, all our bad news has come from there: defeats, conscription, and various orders from the headquarters. ?
The functions of these descriptions are:
①Write the scene on the way to school and explain the background of the story.
② Prussian soldiers drilled and had bad news for two years, which cleverly hinted at the background of the times.
③ Many people watched the new announcement, but what happened was not directly written; this created suspense in the readers and attracted them to eagerly read on.
2. Detailed description. The many details described in this novel are very thought-provoking. Take the author's description of the details of the pigeons cooing on the roof. It made little Franz raise a humorous question: "Could they force these pigeons to sing in German too!" Then the writing suddenly stopped, Stopped abruptly. The answer is left to the readers to think and add. Another example is Hamel's "little black silk hat with embroidered edges", old Haosou's "primer reader", and the pair of big glasses placed horizontally on top of the book. Needless to say, they left a deep impression on people. impression. There are also the drills and bugles of the Prussian army that appear twice in the work, a few beetles flying into the classroom, and the words "Long live France" written on the blackboard. These details seem to be easy to pick out, but in fact they are not. Dispensable, they play a role in setting off the environment, portraying characters and revealing themes. Every detail contains profound meaning and is thought-provoking.
6. The fifth teaching section
(1) Understand the profound meaning of key sentences.
1. Why? Always putting off studying until tomorrow is the greatest misfortune of the Alsatian people?
2. ?The people who lost their country and became slaves, Just remembering their language is like holding a key to the prison door. How should we understand this sentence?
3. Why did little Franz understand everything during the lecture today and find it easy?
Clear:
1. Tomorrow It will never end. The result of procrastination is that you can't even speak the language of the motherland, but you have lost the right to learn the language of the motherland. It showed a very painful mood.
2. If you keep the language of your motherland in mind, you will never forget your motherland, you will inspire patriotism and the will to fight against the enemy, and you will never forget to restore the homeland and fight for freedom, so it is like holding a handful of The key to the prison door.
3. Little Francis received a strong patriotism education and consciously studied hard, wishing he could learn all the languages ????of the motherland that he should learn at once.
(2) The functions of dashes and ellipses
Clear: the functions of the three dashes at the end:
Clear: explanation; prolongation of sound; meaning progressively.
① Explain that everyone felt that this last class passed very quickly, and it was time before they knew it.
② In terms of linguistic form, two dashes indicate that you are choked and unable to speak.
It should be prolonged with feelings of grief and indignation. Judging from the content, it shows Mr. Hamel's complex mood of sadness and mixed emotions.
③ When we finally broke up, I had a lot to say, but I was too excited to say it, and I couldn't suppress my feelings. These two words express the firm belief that the French motherland will win and remind people not to forget their motherland. This is a concentrated expression of Hamel's patriotism.
7. The sixth teaching section: Application of knowledge? Activate ideas and innovative writing
(1) Activate ideas
① Summary of the full text: This novel is based on a short summary Francis's experiences and experiences during the fall of France are used as clues to express the French people's lofty patriotism spirit through the description of the characters' language, expressions, movements and psychological activities.
②Question: What education have you received after students studied "The Last Lesson"? (Students are asked to express it in their own language)
The students made it clear: France lost its land The people love their national language so much, and their country so much! Their great patriotism spirit is always worth learning! We must love the language of the Chinese nation, and we must love the Communist Party of China! At the same time, while writing In this article, we need to learn how to use descriptions of language, expressions, movements, and psychological activities to highlight the typical personalities of typical characters through typical environments.
2. Innovative writing
Tips for continued writing:
①The title is designed as "After the Last Lesson". ② Following the last sentence of the article, develop reasonable imagination around the theme of patriotism. For example: Angry people refused to leave the classroom for a long time. People shouted: "We want French, not German!" "Down with Prussia!" "Long live France!" Prussian soldiers rushed into the classroom fiercely and started fighting with people. People left with hatred. ?A few days later, adults, children, men, and women gathered together, and Mr. Hamel gave people French lessons again? ③The structure must be complete.