Gaoshi
In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, a guest returned from the ancient imperial doctor Zhang Gong. Writing "Ge Yanxing" is a sign of comfort and defense, so it is harmonious.
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.
Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.
Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.
Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp.
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.
When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.
Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure.
Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and there was nothing ahead in the place of death and blue void.
Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?
However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago.
Gao Shi, whose real name is Duff, was down and out in the first half of his life, and even once lived a life of "begging beggars to be self-sufficient". Later, he came to Ren Jiannan, surprisingly, for our time, the state secretariat, and finally, the official to serve, known as Gao Chang's. He was also the first poet in the Tang Dynasty to serve our times. He has lived in the frontier fortress for many years and has a profound observation and experience on the frontier fortress life. Therefore, his frontier poems are passionate and vigorous, full of enterprising and vigorous spirit of the times unique to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are as famous as Cen Can and are called "Gao Cen".
Ge Yanxing is an old title of Yue Fu's Xiang He Ge Ci Ping Diao Qu, which originally wrote about women's yearning for their husbands serving in the front line of Yanbian. This poem uses the old Yuefu title to write current events, which expands the scope of expression. This is the development of Yuefu poetry, and if it goes on, it will be Du Fu's Two Ways and Car Shop and Bai Juyi's Three Officials and Three Farewells.
Judging from the poetic preface, the poet was deeply impressed by the two-game losing streak in Youzhou after 24 years of Kaiyuan, that is, the ability to "feel defensive" came from something, but it was not limited to criticizing a person. He summed up some typical phenomena in the army. "quick march, a hero, is favored by the emperor", "Elm Pass is unstable" and "Beauty returns to camp, singing and dancing are peaceful" in Ge Yanxing are the reasons why Gao Shi made suggestions for the death of Tongguan in the Anshi Rebellion. He said: "the military supervisor ... made an appointment with the soldiers to let the women play cricket and pipa for entertainment. They drink and they don't care about the military." "Nanyang army, Gui Lu, He Luguang and Zhao Guozhen all held festivals, and several people, such as military and political supervisors, were more interested in each other. They would rather fight than win. Poetry and history are put together and reflect each other. The implication of Gao Shi's staying alive is not to condemn a certain general, but to show vividly that under the reward, the generals of the buffer region have no intention of consolidating their borders, but instead let "Hujiang" live in the frontier fortress, which also makes the border crisis a real crisis. In Ge Yanxing, Gao Shi integrated his views on defense for many years into the intense and compact battle process, and integrated profound thoughts and feelings with artistic creation, which was both typical and realistic.
The first two sentences use the word "Han" as a quotation at the same time, which creates an emphasized and coherent language situation, writes the morale of the soldiers who stand up and sets off the urgent atmosphere of war. "Stride forward together, looking like a hero should look, and got the most cordial favor from the emperor". Heavy Rampage emphasizes the martial spirit of men in the Tang Dynasty and the heroic spirit of despising the enemy. Ben Zi wrote the patriotic consciousness of soldiers in the Tang Dynasty. "Brilliant" was especially favored by the emperor, while "Tian Zi Extraordinary" not only wrote about the glory of the soldiers, but also wrote that the soldiers were moved by Tian Zi's feelings, which laid the groundwork for the following "When death became the duty, who stopped to think of fame". "Walking through the Yushu Pass with the sound of gongs and drums and flags around the stone tablet" describes the road, "Xiaxia" means passing by, and "Jieshi" generally refers to the northeast coastal areas. "Smooth and tortuous" means imposing and uniform. Although it is a narrative that "until their captain in the sand sea gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Chief Tatar flashed along the Wolf Mountain", the two images of "Feather Book" and "Hunting Fire" remind people of the urgency and tension of military intelligence.
"The mountains and rivers on the border are cold, and the barbarians are in a hurry" has changed from a narrative to a description. On the screen, the enemy cavalry gallops on the vast and barren border, which is intimidating, frightening and helpless. The process of fighting came to an abrupt end and directly turned into a tragic situation of defeat. "The desert is full of grass in autumn, and there are several surviving watchmen on the lonely wall at sunset". The frontier fortress in late autumn is a cold scene, and the boundless desert sets off the smallness and despair of the lonely city. The battle was defeated and the situation was lonely. Between the fighting process and the tragic defeat, the sentence "Half of our men at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them in the camp" is related, which is narrative, but it is more powerful and accurate than direct criticism, and points out the direct reason for the failure. At the same time, this poem presents a familiar but rarely related situation, which has produced great artistic tension, and its power can be comparable to Du Fu's "Zhumen wine stinks the road and freezes the bones". It is doomed to kill the enemy before the battle. Beautiful women singing and dancing under the account have also become commonplace. Our envoys in the Tang Dynasty had great power and enjoyed life. Coupled with "the greatest favor of the emperor", they are even more arrogant, and even support their army with self-esteem, and do not take safety as their responsibility. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the hidden worry of Anshi Rebellion was buried. Looking back on the Millennium, I would rather not sigh.
The third paragraph is about the bitterness of homesickness and the gloomy murderous look in the side court. "Still in the front line, the real armor has been worn and worn thin, and the jade chopsticks should be separated after crying. The young wife's heart is still broken in this southern city, while the soldiers on the northern border look at their hometown in vain, "writing about the emotional pain of soldiers." The word "long" indicates that the war has entered a protracted stage, which can also be understood as a long-term defense of the border. Why is the "crow" naturally because it is uncertain to recruit people. "Should" and "desire" are speculations. Even if you know that your family is worried about you, you have no choice but to stare at your hometown for nothing. "The wind cut off our progress. In the place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead! Three times a day, the cloud of slaughter rises over the barracks, and the drums on the hour ring in the cold rumble all night. "These four sentences are written about the pain caused by conscription life." Three o'clock and one night are enough to show that people are homesick and stay up all night. The recruiter who "looks back empty" thinks of the young woman who cries like jade from a distance, and listens to the voice of "Diao Dou" from a distance, leaving only empty eyes overlooking the boundless territory, a sense of wandering loneliness and a sad and mournful tone.
The last paragraph summarizes the whole article, tragic and generous. "Until the white Jian Qing can see the light of day and be splashed with red blood, when death becomes an obligation, who will stop to think of fame", the soldiers in Tang Jun are facing the danger of being besieged. They still think of dying for their country until death do us part, rather than getting honor for their personal contributions. However, when it comes to the hardships of the desert war, our name today is Li, a great general who lived a long time ago. This is the poet's direct speech. "Bitterness" includes the bitterness of bloody battle, the bitterness of homesickness and the bitterness of the environment, which is a summary of garrison life. The poet ended the whole article with a strong sigh and an eager call, hoping that a wise general of Li Mu style would appear in the border region, so as to end this protracted war. "General Li" here mostly refers to Li Guang, but I think it is Li Mu. "General Li" appeared in Gao Shi's poems more than once, and sometimes he called Li Mu directly. Both Li Guang and Li Mu have military talents and are good at fighting. However, Li Guang is good at defending, but not at attacking. Although he shocked the Huns, he didn't have the merits of Hehe. And Li Mu "killed more than ten huns. Destroy eaves, break East Lake, and drop Hulin Lake. After ten years old, Xiongnu dared not approach Zhao Bian Cheng. " Judging from this poem, only Li Mu can be kind to soldiers, wipe out enemy bandits and end battlefield battles.
Ge Yanxing gives full play to the free and smooth singing style. In chronological order, the different events and scenes, thoughts and behaviors of various characters are integrated into an organic whole, which is both descriptive and lyrical. The whole poem has a vast geographical space and complicated incident clues, showing ups and downs, creating a vigorous and tragic poetic image, which is orderly and changeable. When commenting on Gao Shi's poems, Cang Shi Lang Hua said, "Gao Shi's poems are tragic and touching to read." Most frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are "strong" rather than "sad", but this poem is both "strong" and "sad". The poet's brushwork is not fixed on a simple emotional expression, but ups and downs in the complex inner waves, constantly changing the images and scenes of poetry in the intense and sad lyrical atmosphere, forming the characteristics of sorting out, deep turning, mediation, depression and frustration, and vivid images. Therefore, the whole poem contains heroism and strong images in sadness. Because of this, Zhao Xi called Ge Yanxing "the first major piece of constant attendance" in his Hundred Comments on Tang Poems. Song also praised it in Tang poetry: Xing is the "ancestor of seven-character poetry".