Poetry
Ancient poem "Little Pond" "Little Pond" Song Dynasty Yang Wanli quán yǎn wú shēng xī xī liú The spring eye silently cherishes the trickle, shù yīn zhào shuǐ ài qíng róu The shade of the tree shines on the water and I love the sunshine. soft. xiǎo hé cái lòu jiān jiān jiǎo The little lotus just shows its sharp corners, zǎo yǒu qīng tíng lì shàng tóu There are already dragonflies standing on their heads. About the author Yang Wanli: 1127--1206, courtesy name Tingxiu, nickname Chengzhai. A native of Jishui, Jizhou (now Jishui County, Jiangxi Province). An outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han nationality. He devoted his life to resisting the Jin Dynasty, and together with Fan Chengda, Lu You and You Miao, he was known as the "Four Great ZTE Poets" of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jinshi in the 24th year of Shaoxing. He was granted the title of Sihu in Ganzhou and later transferred to the position of Prime Minister of Lingling County in Yongzhou. He met Zhang Jun who was relegated to Yongzhou and received much encouragement and instruction from him. After Xiaozong ascended the throne, Zhang Jun became prime minister and recommended Yang Wanli as a professor in Lin'an Prefecture. Before taking office, his father died. After serving his term, he changed his name to Fengxin County. In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), he was appointed as a doctor of Guozi and began to serve as a capital official. Soon he was moved to Taichang Cheng and became a young general. In the first year of Chunxi (1174), he was appointed to Zhangzhou and now to Changzhou. In the sixth year, he promoted tea salt in Changping, Guangdong, suppressed Shen Shi's uprising army, and was promoted to Tidian Prison in Guangdong. Soon after, his mother died and he left his post. He was called back to be a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Wai Lang, and was promoted to a doctor. In May of the twelfth year (1185), he responded to the imperial edict with an earthquake. He discussed ten current affairs, advised Xiao Zonggu to put aside urgent matters and concentrate on preparing for enemies. He resolutely opposed some people's suggestions of abandoning the Huaihe River and retreating. Bao Yangjiang's suggestion of harming the country advocated the selection of talents and active preparation for war. The following year, he was appointed Privy Council Prosecutor and Prince's Attendant. In the fourteenth year (1187), he was moved to the post of Secretary Shaojian. After Emperor Gaozong died, Wanli argued that Zhang Jun should be worthy of temple sacrifices and accused Hong Mai of "referring to a deer as a horse", which angered Emperor Xiaozong and sent him to Junzhou (today's Gao'an, Jiangxi). Guangzong ascended the throne and was called secretary supervisor. In the first year of Shaoxi (1190), he served as the envoy to the Kingdom of Jin and the reviewer of the Record Academy. In the end, Xiaozong was dissatisfied with him and became the deputy envoy to Jiangdong. The imperial court wanted to carry out iron money in the counties south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli thought it would be inconvenient for the people, so he refused to obey the edict. He disobeyed the prime minister and changed his name to Ganzhou. Wan Li saw that his ambition could not be realized, so he did not take up his post. He begged for a ancestral official position (he had no actual official position, only received a ancestral salary, which was equivalent to retirement) and returned. In the second year of Kaixi's reign (1206), he died of grief and anger because he hated Han Kuanzhou for misusing power and ruining the country. He eventually became a scribe in Baomo Pavilion and was given the posthumous title of "Wenjie".
[Edit this paragraph] Poetry works
There are more than 4,200 poems in existence today, many of which express patriotism. His poems such as "Four Quatrains Entering the Huaihe River for the First Time", "Viewing from a Boat Crossing the Yangtze Bridge", "Crossing the Yangtze River", and "The Rain Remains at Dusk and the Sunny Comes Back Again" recall the present and recall the past, express feelings about the scene, and are of high ideological and artistic quality. He has also written some poems that reflect the lives of working people, such as "Bamboo Branch Song", seven poems about trackers sailing on rainy nights, "Ten Interpretations of Polder Poems" about the construction of dikes and polders, and "Planting Yangge", "Compassion for Farmers", "Compassion for Drought" ", "Farmer's Sigh", "Autumn Rain Sigh", etc. all show sympathy for the difficult life of farmers from different angles. Yang Wanli first learned the Jiangxi Poetry School, focusing on the rhythm of words and sentences. After the age of 50, his poetry style changed, from imitating his predecessors to imitating nature, forming the unique Chengzhai style. Chengzhai style pays attention to the so-called "living method", that is, it is good at capturing fleeting interests and expressing them in humorous and accessible language. For example, in "A Call to the Feng Bo": "The Feng Bo persuades you to drink a glass of wine, why do you need a drama to shock the old man!" This fully reflects the characteristics of the Chengzhai style. The "Chengzhai Poetry Talk" does not focus exclusively on poetry, but also contains some literary theory. The poems he wrote are famous for "Wuxi Fu" and "Hai Fu". Only 15 of his poems exist today. Their style is fresh and full of interest, which is quite similar to his poems. He was also proficient in the study of "Yi" and wrote "Chengzhai Yi Zhuan", which used historical evidence to prove "Yi" and was criticized by classics scholars. He has written 133 volumes of "Chengzhai Collection" (including 10 collections of poems and articles in various genres), including the "Sibu Congkan" edition; 42 volumes of "Yang Wenjiegong Poems Collection", including a Qianlong edition; 20 volumes of "Chengzhai Yi Zhuan", including The Song Dynasty edition of Baoshu Tingying; "Chengzhai Poetry Talk" is one volume, and there is a "Continuation of Poems in Past Dynasties" edition. Yang Wanli advocated the war of resistance throughout his life and opposed surrender. In many "letters", "policies" and "notes" to the emperor, he repeatedly stated the country's ills and denounced the mistake of surrender. His patriotism was beyond words. He was an upright and upright official, and tried his best not to disturb the people. The poet Xu Ji at the time praised him as "as clean as water, but poor but with gold" ("Tou Yang Chengzhai"). After his term as deputy envoy to Jiangdong was completed, he should have had a surplus of ten thousand yuan, but he abandoned it all in the official treasury and returned without taking any money. He was upright and upright, spoke out when things happened, pointed out the ills of the times, and had no scruples, so he was never of great use. In fact, he did not bother to seek promotion when he was an official. When he was a Beijing official, he was ready to be dismissed at any time. Therefore, he prepared the travel expenses home from Hangzhou in advance, locked them in a box, hid them in his bedroom, and warned his family not to buy them. I am afraid that my luggage will be cumbersome when I leave my job and return to my hometown. Later, during the fifteen years of leisure and family life, it was still the time when Han Yuzhou was in charge of the government. "Han" promised to reward each other with high-ranking officials, but Wan Lijian refused to do so, saying that "officials can be abandoned, but 'notes' cannot be made." "From just a few things, you can imagine his personality.
The poet Ge Tianmin praised him as having "a backbone as iron as a heart as stone" (see "Collections of Sages of the Southern Song Dynasty. Collection of Ge Wuhuai"), which is not a posthumous compliment. Yang Wanli loved the countryside throughout his life, sympathized with farmers, and wrote many poems reflecting farmers' lives. For example, "Compassion for Farmers", "Farmer's Sigh", "Autumn Rain Sigh", "Compassion for Drought", "Bamboo Technique Song of Crossing Baisha", etc. write about the hardship and suffering of farmers' life, "Song of Four Seasons", "Sowing Yangko", etc. They write about the hardships and joys of farmers, and "Looking at the Rain" and "The Miscellaneous Happiness on the Road to Descendants", etc., write about the joy and hope for good weather and living and working in peace and contentment, all of which are of relatively high ideological and artistic quality.
[Edit this paragraph] Text and annotations
Xiaochi Song Yang Wanli Spring eye ① Silent cherishment ② trickle, the shade of the tree shines on the water and the love is clear and soft ③. The little lotus ④ has just revealed its sharp corners ⑤ , and a dragonfly has already stood on its head ⑥ . ① Spring eye: the outlet of spring water. ② Cherish: Cherish. ③Qingrou: Soft scenery on a sunny day. ④Xiaohe: refers to the tender lotus that has just grown out of the water. ⑤Tianjian: the tip of the tender lotus that has not yet unfolded. ⑥. Head: Above
[Edit this paragraph] Today's translation
Small pond The silent spring is like a trickle of cherished spring water. The shade of the trees reflected on the water likes the softness of the scenery on a sunny day. The sharp corners of the fresh lotus leaves have just emerged from the water, and dragonflies have already landed on them.
[Edit this paragraph] Reading
① Content analysis: The poet uses fresh and lively language to vividly describe the quiet and vibrant scene of the small lotus pond in early summer, expressing The poet's sincere love for natural scenery. ②Writing characteristics: Personifying the dragonfly adds to the interest of the poem. ③Recitation guidance: Spring eye/silent/cherishing/trickle, shade of tree/lighting water/love/clear and soft. The little lotus has just exposed its pointed horns, and a dragonfly has already stood on its head. It is necessary to highlight the words "xi", "qingrou", "jianjian" and "li". Among them, "cherish", "love", and "jianjian" should be pronounced a little longer when reading, reflecting the artistic conception; finally, "standing on the head" should be read word by word, so that the listener will have endless aftertaste.
[Edit this paragraph] Brief analysis
This poem is a fresh sketch. Everything is so delicate, so soft, and so affectionate. Every sentence is like a poem, every sentence is picturesque, showing the bright early summer scenery, natural and simple, and truly touching. This poem describes a spring, a trickle, a pool of tree shade, a few small lotus leaves, and a small dragonfly, forming a vivid picture of a small pool, showing the intimacy and harmony between all things in nature. relation. The two sentences at the beginning, "The spring is silent and cherishes the trickle, and the shade of the tree shines on the water, loving the clear and soft", which brings the reader into a small, delicate, soft and pleasant realm. A trickle slowly flows out of the spring without any sound; Under the rays of the setting sun, the green trees throw their shade into the water, with mottled light and dark clearly visible. The word "Cherish" turns ruthlessness into affection, as if the spring is flowing slowly and silently because it cherishes every drop; the word "Love" gives life to the green tree, as if it likes the clear and soft scenery. Use water as a mirror to show your graceful grace. In the third and fourth sentences, the poet is like a clever photographer, using a quick lens to take a very interesting shot: "The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and dragonflies have already stood on it." The time has not yet reached midsummer, and the lotus leaves have just begun. A sharp corner emerged from the water, and a small dragonfly stood on it. One is "talented" and the other is "early standing", taking care of each other, vividly depicting the scene of the dragonfly and the lotus leaf cuddling together. Yang Wanli advocates learning from nature when writing poems. He has a strong interest in natural scenery. He often uses fresh and lively writing styles and simple and popular language to describe the ordinary scenery he sees every day. He is especially good at capturing the characteristics and fleeting changes of the scenery. It forms an interesting picture, so the poem is full of rich flavor of life. Modern Translation of Ancient Poems The spring is silent because it cherishes the thin flow of water, and the shade of trees reflecting on the water is because it likes the gentleness of sunny days. The little tender lotus has just exposed its tightly wrapped leaf tips, and a lovely dragonfly has come flying early and is standing on it. Appreciation of famous lines - "The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it." This poem expresses the author's love for life. Through the description of the spring water, shade of the tree, little lotus, and dragonflies in the small pond, it depicts to us It creates a simple, natural and vivid picture with unlimited vitality, but also full of life interest: the spring silently leaks a trickle, as if cherishing the crystal spring water; the green trees love to cast their own shadows in the soft atmosphere of sunny days. Melted into the pool water; the tender lotus leaves had just stretched their pointed corners out of the water, and a naughty dragonfly was already standing lightly on it. The whole poem focuses on the "small", vividly and meticulously describing the vivid and dynamic new scene in the small pond in early summer, and is used to describe the newly emerging newcomers. Lotus leaf, unexpanded lotus leaf. The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it. "Little Pond" by Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty [Today's Translation] The small lotus leaf has just revealed its pointed corners, and a dragonfly has already rested on it. [Appreciation] The title of the poem "Little Pond" focuses on the word "small" throughout the poem. Poems need to have different themes and contexts. Some major themes need to be written about a magnificent realm and grand momentum; some themes are very small, just a detail in life, but they can be written about tranquility and interest.
Therefore, Wang Guowei said: "There are different realms, and they are not judged as good or bad based on what they are." ("Ren Jian Ci Hua")