"The God of Beauty in Troubled Times" is a historical essay by contemporary writer Liang Heng.
The original text is as follows:
Li Qingzhao is remembered by people for his famous song "Slow Voice". It is a kind of bleak beauty, especially the sentence "Searching and searching, deserted and lonely, miserable and miserable" has simply become her personal exclusive brand, shining brightly in the history of literature, unprecedented, and no one dares to match it. Therefore, she was regarded as the embodiment of sorrow. When we walked through the dust and smoke of history to chew on her melancholy, we discovered that in the three thousand years of ancient Chinese literary history, she was the only woman who stood out and reached the pinnacle. And the interpretation of her is "how can the word "shou" be so good? ?
In fact, Li Qingzhao had too much joy before writing this poem.
Li Qingzhao was born into an official family in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. His father, Li Gefei, was born as a Jinshi and served as an official in the court. His status was not low. He was a scholar and writer, and he was also a student of Su Dongpo. My mother is also a lady from a famous family and is good at literature. Such a background was very valuable for a woman at that time.
The influence of her official family background and political activities gave her a broad vision and noble temperament. The influence of literature and art allowed her to perceive life in a more profound and subtle way and experience beauty. Because there are no photos from that time, we have no way of knowing what she looked like now. But based on the speculation about her background, and referring to the charm revealed in her later poems, it seems that she was born a beauty.
Almost as soon as Li Qingzhao became sensible, he began to receive aesthetic training in traditional Chinese culture. Almost at the same time, she was creating, judging others, and studying literary theory. Not only can she enjoy beauty, she can also control it, and she has jumped to a very high starting point, and at this time she is still a girl waiting to be married.
Please look at the following three poems:
[Huanxi Sha]? The embroidered hibiscus smiles, and the duck flies sideways to line the fragrant cheeks. Only when the eyes are moved are people guessed. One side is charming and full of charm, half of the paper is filled with tenderness and hatred, and the moon is moving and the shadows of flowers are about to come back again. (Precious duck, hairstyle.)
[Huanxi Sha]? The spring light is cold and the food is cold, the jade furnace sinks into the water and the remaining smoke curls up, and the dream returns to the mountain pillow to hide the flowers. In the future, petrels are fighting for grass, Jiangmei has passed willow trees, and the rain at dusk makes the swing wet. (Sinking in water, the name of a fragrance; fighting with grass, a kind of game.)
[Point crimson lips] Stop playing on the swing and get up to straighten your slender hands. The dew is thick, the flowers are thin, the sweat is thin and the clothes are light. When guests come in, their socks and gold hairpins slip away. He walked away shyly, leaned against the door and looked back, sniffing the green plums. (Chan? Socks, no shoes.)
An innocent girl, with beautiful hair and fragrant cheeks, a face like a flower and a jade, with the beginning of love, and the budding love of spring, which is difficult to suppress. She lay in the boudoir, or looked at the curls of agarwood innocently, or got up to write a love letter, and then went to the back garden to fight with her female companion for a while. It is not surprising in thousands of years of feudal society that rich ladies from official families enjoy a comfortable life and receive a certain amount of education.
What is surprising is that Li Qingzhao did not first learn writing, become proficient in needlework, and then wait to get married as usual. She devoured all her father's books, and the juice of culture made her not only as beautiful as a flower on the outside, but also as graceful as a bamboo on the inside. She has mastered the rhythm of poetry as freely as fighting grass or swinging on a swing. But when it comes to criticizing historical figures, one has a strong sense of confidence and is as grand as a rainbow.
The Anshi Rebellion between Kaiyuan and Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty and its suppression were a major event in Chinese history, and there have been many comments by later generations. The poet Yuan Jie of the Tang Dynasty wrote the famous "Ode to the Zhongxing of the Tang Dynasty" and asked the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing to inscribe it on the wall, which is known as Shuangjue.
Zhang Wenqian, who lived at the same time as Li Qingzhao, was one of the "Four Scholars of the Su Sect". He was already famous for his poetry and was considered a big figure. He once wrote a poem about this stele, lamenting: "Heaven sent two sons." It is said that in the future, there will be mountains ten feet high and cliffs covered with blue. Whoever brings this stele into my room will make my eyes open when I see it."
This poem was transferred to the boudoir, entered the embroidery room, and reached Li Qingzhao's ears. She immediately joined in a poem: "Fifty years of work is like an electric sweep, Huaqing flowers, willows, Xianyang grass. Five squares are provided for cockfights, and no one knows how old they are in the heaps of wine and meat. Hu soldiers suddenly come from the sky, and rebelling against Hu is also a traitor. Diligent government Horses walk in front of the building, and the pearls and green stones are covered with fragrance and dust. Why are they invincible in battle? It is said that many horses died in the lychee. "Moshan Cliff."
Look at the momentum of this poem, it seems that it was written by a woman in a boudoir. Describing scenes, commenting on merits and demerits, and lamenting worldly affairs, Li Bai and Xin Qiji, who are romantic and unrestrained, are not allowed to do so.
Li's father Gefei was surprised when he first saw this poem. When this poem spread outside, it caused a lot of restlessness among the literati. A daughter of the Li family has just grown up, and her writing moves like a dragon and a snake makes a sound of thunder. The girl Li Qingzhao quietly enjoys the beautiful halo woven by her pampering and talent.
Love is the most beautiful chapter in life. It is a ferry where a person will start from here, from a boy to a young man, from the warm wings of his parents to an independent life, including the continuation of a new life. . Therefore, it is full of the anxiety of expectation, sparks of collision, refreshing warmth, and the sadness of failure. It can play the most complex and shocking symphony. The lives of many great men shine with brilliance at this moment.
When Li Qingzhao was filled with all the happiness that a girl in a boudoir can get and fell in love, her wonderful life reached a new level, leaving us a love classic.
Her love is not like Romeo and Juliet in the West, nor is it like Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in the East. It is not the kind of sweetness that can only be enjoyed after going through all kinds of difficulties and life and death. . Instead, he started very high, fell into the honeypot at the beginning, and then stood on the top of the mountain and lived in the Crystal Palace.
Her husband Zhao Mingcheng is a handsome young man, and the two are literary confidants, so they share the same love. Zhao Mingcheng's father was also an official in the court, and the two families were well matched. What's even more rare is that in addition to the general literati's interest in poetry, poetry, music and chess, the two of them also have a more congenial career combination - the study of epigraphy.
In the feudal era where free love was not allowed and one had to rely on the words of a matchmaker and the wishes of parents, it was truly a God-given match for the two of them to have such a love ending. Just like Lu You's "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix" left us with the sadness of love, Li Qingzhao left us with the other side of love - the sweetness of love. This love story, affectionately polished by Li Qingzhao's wonderful pen, has become the spiritual enjoyment of Chinese people for more than a thousand years.
Please read this song "Magnolia with Reduced Words":
On the flower seller's basket, I bought a branch that is about to bloom. The tears are stained lightly and evenly, but still have traces of the dawn dew.
Panlang guessed that slave noodles are not as good as flower noodles. The hairpin on the temples is slanted, and I want to teach him how to do it.
This is the sweetness after marriage and the coquettishness of your husband. It also reveals her confidence in her own beauty.
Look again at this farewell poem "A Cut of Plum Blossoms":
In the autumn with the fragrance of red lotus root remaining in the jade mat, I undressed my clothes lightly and boarded the orchid boat alone. Who in the clouds sent a brocade book? When the wild goose returned, the moon was full on the west tower.
The flowers float and the water flows, a kind of lovesickness and two places of leisurely sorrow. There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I just frown, but it is in my heart.
The sorrow of separation is hard to separate. The deeper the love, the more intense the longing. The other is a sweet secret chew.
What’s more important is that Li Qingzhao is by no means an ordinary little woman who can only sigh a few words, “I’ll keep an empty room.” She practiced literature in her empty room and perfected this art. This most ordinary expression of love turned into a proposition creation competition between the couple and became a record of their climb to the peak of art.
Please read this song "Drunken Flower Yin·Double Ninth Festival":
The mist is thick and the clouds are full of sorrow forever, and the auspicious brain sells the golden beast. It’s the Double Ninth Festival and the Double Ninth Festival. Jade pillows and gauze kitchens make it cool in the middle of the night. After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves. There is no way to lose one's soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers.
This is a thoughtful message sent to Zhao Mingcheng by Li Qingzhao when he was away from home. Deeply in love and longing for you, they are vividly expressed through the autumn wind and yellow flowers. According to historical records, after Zhao Mingcheng received this poem, he was first moved by love, and later inspired by the artistic power of the poem, and vowed to write a poem that surpassed his wife's.
He thanked the guests behind closed doors and got 50 poems in three days. He mixed Li's poems among them and asked friends to comment. Unexpectedly, his friends said that only three sentences were the best: "No way can destroy the soul, the curtain rolls in the west wind, people "Thinner than Huanghua." Zhao sighed. This story has been widely circulated, and you can imagine how the couple enjoyed the sweetness of playing the piano and playing the piano while admiring each other.
This also makes all the talented and beautiful men and women in future generations who cannot get corresponding quality love feel a little sad. Li Qingzhao himself recalled that period of life in "The Preface to the Records of Jinshi": "Yu Xing occasionally remembered that after every meal, he would sit in the Return Hall and refer to the pile of books and history, saying which page and line of a certain volume something was on. No matter whether he wins or loses, he will drink tea one after another. He will raise his cup and laugh. When the tea falls into his arms, he will not drink it. "What happiness and joy this is, how can the word "sweet" be used." This honey-like life nourishes her graceful grace and vigorous artistic creation.
But God had long discovered Li Qingzhao’s broader artistic talent. If she were only allowed to write a little bit of sorrows and sorrows in such a relaxed way, Chinese history and literary history would pass by her in vain. As a result, the universe exploded, time and space surged, new personality tests, and new proposition creation were all pushed in front of Li Qingzhao.
After 167 years of peace and prosperity in the Song Dynasty, like the "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" style, evil stars fell from the sky and a nomadic nation emerged in the north. The Jin people smashed the Qionglou Jade Garden in the capital Bianjing (Kaifeng) with a hammer, and also took away the Hui and Qin emperors. The Zhao and Song Dynasties hurriedly fled south in 1127 AD, beginning the most humiliating period in Chinese history for the country and the nation. One page.
Li Qingzhao’s love nest in Qingzhou, Shandong Province also fell apart and the family began to live a wandering life. In the second year of his journey to the south, Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the prefect of Jiankang in the capital. Unexpectedly, something that was a national humiliation and a shame to his family happened at this time. Late one night, a rebellion broke out in the city. As the local governor, Zhao Mingcheng, instead of taking the lead in directing the fight against the rebellion, secretly used a rope to lower the city and escaped.
After the matter was settled, he was dismissed by the court. Li Qingzhao, a weak woman, showed great integrity in this matter and was very ashamed that her husband ran away from the battle. After Zhao was dismissed, the couple continued to flee along the Yangtze River toward Jiangxi. The journey was inevitably a bit awkward and they lost the harmony of the past.
When he arrived at Wujiang Town, Li Qingzhao learned that this was the place where Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide. Unconsciously, his heart was ups and downs. Facing the vast river, he recited this eternal song: Live to be a hero. Death is also a ghost hero. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. Behind her, the husband listened to the sound of these words, with a look of shame on his face and deep self-blame in his heart.
In the second year (1129), Zhao Mingcheng was recalled to Beijing and resumed his post, but he died of a sudden illness.
People cannot live without love, a flowery woman cannot live without love, and an emotional poetess cannot live without love. Just when her artistic tree was growing vigorously under the water of love, God mercilessly cut off her love river. Li Qingzhao was doted on by love and praised by her family as soon as she understood love. Now she was trapped on a dry river bed. How could she not feel worried?
After losing her home, Li Qingzhao began three major tribulations in the rest of her life.
The first major hardship is remarriage and divorce, and the pain of love life.
After the death of Zhao Mingcheng, Li Qingzhao had no fixed place and was haggard physically and mentally. Soon she married a man named Zhang Ruzhou. History differs on why Li Qingzhao remarried, but the hardship of living alone is probably the main reason.
This Zhang Ruzhou was also a polite gentleman when we first met him. After getting married, Zhang took good care of her, but his true colors were soon revealed. It turned out that he wanted to take possession of Li Qingzhao’s surviving wife. cultural relics. Li regarded these things as his life, and the "Inscriptions on Gold and Stone" had not yet been compiled into a book, so of course they could not be lost.
In Zhang's view, since you marry me, your body and everything about you will belong to me and be controlled by me. What independent pursuits will you have? The two first had conflicts over the control of cultural relics, but gradually discovered that their ambitions and tastes were very different, and they were truly bedfellows.
Zhang Ruzhou was first proud of possessing such a beautiful lady, and then gradually became angry because he could not capture her heart and control her behavior. Finally, he completely tore off the veil of the scholar and started fighting with fists and kicks. . In front of the Chinese tent, under the red candle, Li Qingzhao looked at this pretty boy and was really furious. Once upon a time, it was difficult to find water in the sea, but I kept my noble heart and never bowed my head.
Li Qingzhao regarded his personality as more precious than his life, so he decided to break up with him whenever he could stand such cowardice. But it was not easy for women to get divorced in feudal society. In desperation, Li Qingzhao took a dead end and reported Zhang Ruzhou's crime of deceiving the emperor.
Li Qingzhao’s second greatest hardship was that he was displaced physically and mentally and fled everywhere.
In August 1129, her husband Zhao Mingcheng had just passed away, and in September Jin soldiers invaded the south. Li Qingzhao began to flee with heavy books and cultural relics. She basically followed the emperor's escape route. The king is the representative of the country. But the poor and hateful Gaozong Zhaogou did not have this consciousness. He did not represent the country, but his own little life.
He fled from Jiankang, passed through Yuezhou, Mingzhou, Fenghua, Ninghai, Taizhou, and wandered all the way to the sea, and then crossed the sea to Wenzhou. Li Qingzhao, a lonely widow, eagerly pursued the direction of the monarch. She hired ships, begged people, went to relatives and friends, and took the books and cultural relics she and Zhao Mingcheng had collected throughout their lives, and persevered in this way.
Zhao Mingcheng had a trust during her lifetime that these cultural relics could not be thrown away even at the risk of her own life, and "Inscriptions on Gold and Stone" had not yet been published. This was the spiritual sustenance of her life. She also had the idea that these cultural relics would be difficult to preserve by herself during the war, and she hoped to catch up and deliver them to the imperial court, but she was never able to catch up with the emperor. She wandered to Quzhou in November of that year, and then to Yuezhou in March of the next year.
During this period, the 20,000 volumes of books and 2,000 volumes of gold and stone rubbings she had stored in Hongzhou were burned and looted by the Jin soldiers who invaded from the south. The five large boxes of cultural relics that he took with him when he arrived in Yuezhou were broken through the wall and stolen by thieves. In November 1130, the emperor saw that there were too many people following him to escape, so he simply ordered the dismissal of all officials.
Li Qingzhao felt even more disappointed when he watched the dragon flag and dragon boat disappear into the vast sea. According to the concept of feudal society, the country includes the land, the monarch, and the people. Nowadays, half of the country has been taken up by others, and the king has driven them away like rats, and the people have been displaced in all directions. The country is no longer a country, and the king is no longer a king. How can she, a subjugated citizen with no place to live, not suffer from great sorrow? Li Qingzhao's body and mind endured painful suffering in the oil pan of history.
About when she was taking refuge in Wenzhou, she wrote this poem "Tian Zi Picking Mulberries": Who planted the banana tree in front of the window? The atrium is filled with shadow. The atrium is filled with shadows, and the leaves are feeling relaxed and full of emotions. It rains in the middle of the night on the sad pillow, and it rains every bit. Little by little, I am worried that the northerners are not used to hearing it. What kind of people are "Northerners"? They are wandering people and people who have subjugated their country. Li Qingzhao is one of them.
Most of the foreign invasions in Chinese history came from north to south, so the flight of "Northerners" has become a historical phenomenon and a literary phenomenon. "People in the north are not used to getting up and listening." What did we hear? I heard the shouts of Zu Ti Zhongliu beating the water, I heard Lu You's sigh that "the survivors shed tears in the dust, looking south to the king's master for another year", I heard Xin Qiji's "It's worth looking back, under the Buddha's Temple, there is a sacred crow shrine drum" Feeling helpless, I seemed to hear the sad song "My home is on the Songhua River" again.
In 1134, the Jin invaded the south again, and Zhao Gou abandoned the capital and fled again. Li Qingzhao fled to Jinhua for the second time. The national destiny is in dire straits, and worries weigh heavily on my heart. Someone invited her to visit the nearby Shuangxi scenic spot, but she sighed deeply and had no intention of traveling: the wind had settled in the dust, the fragrance and flowers had all gone, and she was tired of combing her hair day and night. Things are different and people are not the same. Everything stops. I want to speak and shed tears. I heard that the spring in Shuangxi is still good, so I plan to take a boat trip. I'm afraid that the boat in Shuangxi cannot carry many sorrows.
Li Qingzhao was in exile with no fixed destination. The country was in fragments and people were everywhere. Even a boat could not carry him. This reminds us of Du Fu's poem when he was on the run, "The flowers splash with tears when I feel sad, and the birds are frightened by the hatred of others."
Li Qingzhao's sorrow at this time is no longer the family sorrow or love sorrow of "one kind of lovesickness, two idle sorrows". Now that the country has been destroyed and the family has died, even if he really has the old sorrow, it is hard to find it. . At this time, she was worried about "Li Shu" in "The Book of Songs", it was Xin Qiji's worry that "now I know all the feeling of sadness", it was the great worry of the country and the nation, she was worrying about heaven.
Li Qingzhao adhered to the ancient motto "Poetry expresses ambition, and song expresses forever". What she sings about in her lyrics is mainly an emotion, while what she directly expresses in her poems is her own mind, ambitions, likes and dislikes. Because her name is too vivid, most people only see her melancholy side. If we read her poems, we will be able to better understand the anguish, struggle and pursuit behind her words, and we will know exactly what worries her.
In 1133, Emperor Gaozong suddenly thought that he should send people across the country to visit the two emperors of Hui and Qin, and inquire about the possibility of suing for peace. But when I heard that I was going to enter the realm of tigers and wolves, no one in the court dared to comply. Upon seeing this, Minister Han Xiaozhou reported himself bravely and was willing to take the risk. Li Qingzhao was concerned about state affairs day and night. He was very excited when he heard this, and his sorrow suddenly turned into hope and pride, so he wrote a long poem as a gift.
She said in the preface: "There are those who are easy to settle down. Their fathers and ancestors all came out of Han Gong's family. Now the family has been replaced. The son's surname is humble and he dare not look at the father's car. He is also poor and sick, but the gods have not yet Weak. Seeing this big order, we must not forget to write a chapter of ancient poems and poems to convey the meaning of the poem. "At that time, she was a poor and ill woman, haggard in body and mind, and a widowed woman, but she was still so concerned about state affairs.
Needless to say, she has no status in the court, and even in society, it is not her turn to discuss these things. But she stood up and loudly praised the awe-inspiring righteousness of Han Xiaozhou's move: "I wish to serve the spirits of heaven and earth, and the power of the ancestral temple. Holding the purple mud edict, I went straight into Huanglong City." "I have been warmed by Han's kindness after taking off my clothes, and I can't leave the song." "The road is easy and the water is cold."
She would like to say a few words of farewell as a folk widow: "It's the same with the concubine of Lu Yan, she poured her blood into the secretary's office", "Don't beg for Sui Dynasty pearls and peace." Bi, just begging for new information from the hometown." "My descendants have been traveling south for a few years, and they have wandered with the wandering people. They want to send their blood and tears to the mountains and rivers, and scatter them on the soil of Dongshan."
There is a reason for this in Jinhua, Zhejiang. It was a famous building named after Shen Yue's poem "Eight Odes" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Li took refuge here and climbed up the tower to look at the remaining half of the southern country. He couldn't help but sigh in the wind: The eight-yong tower has been passed down through the ages, and the mountains and rivers will be left behind for future generations to worry about. The water leads to the southern country for three thousand miles, and the air pressure is in the fourteen states of Jiangcheng.
Just looking at the momentum of this poem, it doesn’t look like it was written by a wandering woman. It is more like a general who is eager to regain lost territory or a minister who is worried about the country. That year I went to Jinhua specifically to pay homage to this famous building. As time goes by, the building has been crowded into a deep alley by newly built private houses, but it still stands out from the crowd and remains as strong as before.
An old man who was looking after the building was also a fan of Li Qingzhao. He told me several folk versions of Li Qingzhao’s stories and gave me a few pages of newly collected handwritten poems by Li Qingzhao. I looked up at the dilapidated buildings and down the alleys, feeling deeply that the soul of the poet would never leave and would remain in this world. While Li Qingzhao was taking refuge in Jinhua, he also wrote a poem called "Ba Ma Fu".
"Horse fighting" was originally a gambling game at that time, but Li took advantage of the topic and quoted a lot of allusions from famous ministers and generals in history, describing the war and the iron horse, wielding the momentum of the army on the battlefield, and condemning the Song Dynasty. inability. At the end of the article, she directly expresses her ambitions as a martyr in her later years: "Mulan Hengge is a good woman, but she no longer has the ambition to travel a thousand miles. I hope that the general will cross the Huai River!" From these poems, we can see that she really "does not dare to forget about the country because of her humble position." , How worried about the world and the country.
"I hope the general will cross the Huaihe River", which reminds us of the ancestors who heard the chicken dance, and the famous anti-Jin Dynasty minister Zongze in the Northern Song Dynasty who still hugged him and shouted: Cross the river when he was critically ill. This is the cry of a female poet, a "concubine"! It's so different from her early days of leisure and sorrow. How many political worries and national pains are added to this sorrow.
Later generations commented that Li Qingzhao often stopped at her melancholy, but they did not know that deep in her soul, there was always a spark of struggle and a cry for ideals. She is worried because she cannot see a way out! She does not obey the powerful and does anything against her will. She was related to Qin Hui, the powerful official of the dynasty, and Qin Hui's wife was her second uncle's daughter and cousin.
But Li Qingzhao had no contact with them. Even when her marriage was at its most difficult, she would rather seek help from distant relatives than visit the Qin family. The Qin Mansion was completed and there was a big banquet for relatives and friends, but she refused to attend. She was not satisfied with "studying poems with amazing lines", but "wanted to send blood and tears to the mountains and rivers". She hoped to regain the lost ground and "hold the purple mud edict directly into Huanglong City".
But what did she see? It is the false prosperity of the capital city of Pian'an, it is the strange things of the imperial court that attacks patriots and persecutes loyal people, and it is the cry of blood and tears of the militants and national heroes. In 1141, when Li Qingzhao was 58 years old, Yue Fei was imprisoned and killed by Qin Hui. This case alarmed the capital and shocked the whole country. Dark clouds fell over the city, and Guangyu was troubled. Li Qingzhao felt uneasy, and our poetess fell into deeper sadness.
The third greatest hardship Li Qingzhao encountered was the loneliness that transcended time and space. ?
The pain in her emotional life and her worries about her country and nation have pushed her into a deep sea of ??suffering. She is like a lonely boat drifting helplessly in the wind and waves. But if it is just these two points, it is not the most hurtful, painful, lonely and cold. In life, divorce is inevitable from time to time; loyal ministers are abandoned from generation to generation.
What's more, she is a weak woman who was born in troubled times?
The problem is that in addition to encountering national disaster and emotional sorrow, it is also so difficult for her to realize the value of an ordinary person. Li Qingzhao, who is gradually entering his twilight years, has no children and guards a lonely small courtyard with no relatives around him. It is difficult to ask about state affairs and he is afraid to mention family matters again. Only the autumn wind sweeps the yellow leaves and hovers in front of the door. Occasionally, one or two old friends come to visit. .
She has a friend named Sun, whose daughter is ten years old and extremely smart. One day when the child came to play, Li Qingzhao said to her, you should learn something. I am old and I am willing to teach others what I have learned in my life. I didn't want the child to blurt out: "It's not a girl's business to do algae." Li Qingzhao couldn't help but gasp. She felt dizzy and held on to the door frame to barely prevent herself from falling.
Tong Yanwuji, it turns out that talented and affectionate women are really superfluous in this society. But she has always thought about caring about national affairs, writing books, preaching and teaching. Her collection of cultural relics is overwhelming, she is rich in knowledge, and her words are famous in Beijing. However, in the end, she has no way to serve the country, no love to support, and no knowledge to pass on. Others regard her as weird.
Li Qingzhao felt like she was falling into an abyss with no boundaries. A terrible loneliness hit her. No one in the world could understand her heart.
She walked blankly among the fallen yellow flowers in late autumn in Hangzhou like Mrs. Xianglin, and recited this poem "Sound of Sound" which condensed her life and all her pain, and also established her position in the history of Chinese literature. "Slow Voice":
Looking and searching, deserted and miserable. It is most difficult to breathe when it is warm and then cold. Three cups and two cups of light wine are no match for it. The wind comes late at night. The wild geese are passing by, and I am sad, but it is an old acquaintance. ?
The yellow flowers are piled up all over the ground, and they are haggard and damaged. Who is worthy of picking them now? Watching the window, how can you be alone in the dark? The phoenix trees are covered with drizzle, and at dusk, it rains bit by bit. This time, how could there be such a thing as "sorrow"! Yes, her worries about her country, her family, her love life, and her studies, how could she be called just one word?
What is Li Qingzhao looking for? From her life experience and poetry and articles, we can at least see that she is looking for three things.
First, the future of the country and the nation. She doesn't want to see the mountains and rivers broken, she doesn't want to "float and join the wandering people", "she wants to send her blood and tears to the mountains and rivers". In this regard, she is similar to her contemporaries Yue Fei, Lu You and later Xin Qiji. But as a woman, she can neither gallop on the battlefield like Yue Fei, nor go to court to discuss matters like Xin Qiji, nor can she even have political and literary friends like Lu and Xin who can happily drink and curse at the table and slap the railings. She didn't even have a chance to interact with them, so she could only worry alone.
The second is to find happy love. She once had a beautiful family and a happy love, but it was shattered in an instant. She also had a dream of finding true love again, but it was broken even more miserably, and she was even shackled and imprisoned. It was also recorded in the history books as the "Endless Night Festival", and suffered this strange humiliation during and after his lifetime. What could she say? I can only worry alone.
The third is to find your own value. With extraordinary talent and diligence, and with the power of love, she completed the masterpiece "Inscriptions on the Stone" academically, and reached an unprecedented height in her lyricism. However, that society did not take it as a surprise or take it as a credit. Even the ten-year-old girl said, "Talent is not for women." Even later, when Lu You wrote an epitaph for the woman surnamed Sun, he thought this was a good statement.
With a passionate patriotic poet like Lu You also believing that "talent is not for women", what else could Li Qingzhao say? She had no choice but to chew on her desolation alone, and had only one worry.
Li studied epigraphy and cultural history. Of course she knew that from the Xia and Shang Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, there were only a few women with talents and writings, and she was the only one with excellent lyricism. It is said that rare things are valuable, but she was regarded as an alien, rebellious, and superfluous.
She looked around for two thousand years, the night was like a rock, the wind and rain were like darkness, who did she know? Lu Xun had a poem about a singing girl: "The lanterns illuminate the banquet in the wealthy house, and the charming girl wears makeup to serve the jade king. Suddenly recalling the family affection under the scorched earth, pretending to look at the stockings to cover up the traces of her voice."
Li Qingzhao is a A singer who was enslaved by the feudal society. She was serving this society with makeup and beauty, but suddenly she thought that all her pursuits had been lost, and none of what she sang had been realized. She couldn't help but feel sad, so she had to "pretend to talk about yellow flowers and Autumn wind".
The tragedy of Li Qingzhao is that she was an educated woman born in the feudal era. As a woman, she is at the bottom of feudal society. As an intellectual, she is at the commanding heights of social thought. She sees many things that others cannot see and pursues many realms that others do not pursue. This inevitably leads to loneliness. of sorrow.
Originally, in the three thousand years of feudal society, many people came and went and lived with peace of mind and went with the flow. You see, in the Northern Song Dynasty, after crossing to the south in fear, wasn't it met with wind and rain, and the title of minister and son lingered for 152 years? Although Lu You, a contemporary of Li Qingzhao, angrily shouted: "The ministers have the party to exclude Zongze, but no one uses Yue Fei." But aren't the adults in the court still serving as officials and living in debauchery?
Look, despite the troubled times, haven’t there been many literati who have been holding folding fans, singing about the wind and moon, playing chess, calligraphy and painting all their lives? Look, how many women, just like the woman named Sun, live their lives without learning any vocabulary or pursuing love? But Li Qingzhao did not. As a commoner, she thought about her responsibilities as a minister and national affairs; as a woman, she sought equality in personality and the respect of love.
Whether dealing with political affairs, studies, love, or marriage, she will never follow the crowd or make do with it. This inevitably leads to loneliness that transcends time and space and inextricable sorrow. She is carrying a heavy cross, combining national, family, marriage and academic difficulties. All political, cultural, moral, marital and personality conflicts and tribulations caused by the feudal autocratic system are reflected in her yellow flower-like face. On the thin body.
As her name indicates, "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up to the rocks." What Li Qingzhao pursues in his heart is a transcendent and refined personality, which inevitably leads him to be like Qu Yuan, who said, "Everyone is drunk, but I am sober alone." It is inevitable to have the sadness of surreal idealization.
There is a book called "One Hundred Years of Solitude". Li Qingzhao is lonely for a thousand years. Looking around the female world, there is no one like her, and no one knows anyone around her, so she went back thousands of years to seek connection with the heroic overlord. "To this day, I still miss Xiang Yu." , refused to cross Jiangdong." Also, she couldn't have known that a thousand years later, when the feudal society was about to expire, another woman who was close to her would appear - Qiu Jin. Qiu Jin looked back at the Three Thousand Years of Night and sighed: "Autumn rain and autumn wind" It’s so sad!”
If Li Qingzhao is a numb person like the girl surnamed Sun or Xianglin’s wife in Lu Xun’s works, forget it; if Li Qingzhao is Du Shiniang who fights with death, Forget it. She just resisted the world with her heart and summoned the sky with her pen. With her extremely high artistic talent, she carefully spun the melancholy, turning the melancholy into beauty, and created treasures of lyrics that people can enjoy endlessly forever.
The special charm of Li Ci is that it is like the author's character. He has a persistent and tenacious masculinity amidst the lingering resentment. Although he expresses sorrow, he actually writes true feelings and ambitions, so he can endure it. People will read it for hundreds of years. Zheng Zhenduo commented in "History of Chinese Literature": "She is original and independent from a group of poets.
She is not influenced by other poets. It seems that poets are not affected by her. She is so outstanding that mediocre writers can never catch up with her.
Countless poets and poets have written countless stories of separation and love. Most of the poems were written on behalf of the heroine. Before the Qing Dynasty, all these poems were as worthless as dirt." Thus, the story of her life and the sorrow in her heart were transformed into a sad and tragic beauty. , she and her words will always hang high in the starry sky of history.
With the progress of the times, many of Li Qingzhao’s painful things and feelings have been answered. However, when we occasionally look back at the wind and rain a thousand years ago, we can always see the yellow flower standing in the autumn wind. The God of Beauty who is looking for something in the world.
Extended information:
Article analysis:
Mr. Liang Heng commented that Li Qingzhao was the god of beauty, which shows that he had an excellent impression of Li Qingzhao. In the text, the author quotes Li's poems in many places in chronological order and analyzes them deeply. When he writes about Li Qingzhao's tragic fate, he expresses endless emotion.
Mr. Liang Heng gave Li Qingzhao this evaluation: "She resists the world with her heart and summons the sky with her pen. With her extremely high artistic talent, she meticulously detailed this overwhelming melancholy. Fine textiles turn sorrow into beauty, creating treasures of poetry that people can enjoy forever.
Introduction to Li Qingzhao:
Li Qingzhao, nicknamed Yi'an Jushi, is Han nationality and lives in Jinan, Qizhou. (now Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province). She was a female poet in the Song Dynasty and a representative of the Wanyue Ci School. She was known as "the most talented woman in the history". In the early period, she wrote mostly about her leisurely life, but in the later period, she often lamented her life experience and had a sentimental mood. Formally, he makes good use of the line drawing technique, creates his own approach, and the language is clear and elegant. He puts forward the idea of ??"not being a family" in his lyrics, and opposes the method of writing poems. There are not many poems left. The chapters are timely and historical, and the words are generous.
Li Qingzhao's creative style:
Li Qingzhao is good at poetry and prose, and is known as "Yi'an Ci". ", "Shu Yu Ci", named after its titles and collections. She not only has profound literary accomplishment, but also has a bold creative spirit. Generally speaking, her creative content is due to her life in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The changes show different characteristics of the early and late periods.
The early period: it truly reflects her life in the boudoir and her thoughts and feelings. The themes focus on writing about natural scenery and parting and lovesickness.
The later period: It mainly expresses the emotions of nostalgia and mourning for the dead, and expresses the deep sadness, loneliness and melancholy in my lonely life.
Baidu Encyclopedia - The God of Beauty in Troubled Times
Baidu Encyclopedia - Li Qingzhao