# Poetry Appreciation # Introduction "Jingxi" is a philosophical poem written by Du Xunhe, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. It tells people to be prepared for danger in times of peace, to worry about gains and losses, and to be prepared for danger. Let’s learn about Du Xunhe’s Du Xunhe with Wu. Welcome to read!
"Jingxi"
Du Xunhe of the Tang Dynasty
People are cautious about the dangerous rocks in Jingxi, and never hear of anyone overturning them.
But it is a place where there are no rocks in the level water, and it is often said that there is sinking.
Appreciation
This is a philosophical poem. The first two sentences, "The rocks in Jingxi are dangerous, people are cautious, and they do not hear about overturning people all the year round." It shows that people are "born in sorrow" reason. Precisely because Jingxi River has rapid rapids, dangerous shoals, dense reefs and dangerous waterways, people attach great importance to it. They are extremely cautious when passing by, and concentrate on bypassing the dangerous shoals, and finally "safely". The last two sentences, "But there are no rocks in the plain, and it is often said that there is sinking" illustrate the principle of "dying in peace and happiness". In the calm, slow-flowing waters, there are neither rocks nor whirlpools. However, it is in this seemingly safe place that the bad news of shipwrecks often comes. The reason is that in a relatively "comfortable" environment, people become careless and lose their vigilance. "Misfortunes often accumulate in the smallest things," and it is inevitable that the boat will capsize and people will drown.
The whole poem tells a simple truth through the comparison of the before and after results: the more dangerous the place, the more careful people will be, and fewer accidents will occur; while in flat and stable places, people tend to Being careless can lead to problems. It inspires people to be prepared for danger in times of peace and be prepared for danger, so that life can go smoothly.
Extended reading: Introduction to Du Xunhe
Du Xunhe (about 846-about 906), whose courtesy name was Yanzhi, was from Jiuhuashan. Han nationality, from Shidai, Chizhou (now Shitai County, Anhui Province). He came from a humble background. He became a Jinshi in his middle age. He was not yet awarded an official position, so he returned to his hometown to live leisurely. He once praised Zhu Wen with poems. Later, Zhu Wen took over the Tang Dynasty and built Liang Dynasty. He was appointed as a Hanlin scholar and knew how to make imperial edicts. Therefore, he was included in the "Old History of the Five Dynasties·Liang Shu" ("Old History of the Five Dynasties·Volume 23·Liang Shu No. 23· There is a biography in "Biography Thirteen").
He wrote that "the purpose of poetry never forgets to save things" ("Autobiography"), so he reflected a lot on the chaos and darkness of the late Tang Dynasty and the suffering that the people suffered from it, such as in Mt. The widow had no way to escape the conquest; in "The Traveling Encountered a Rebellion in the County to Show Comrades", the officers and soldiers searched for jewelry, killed civilians indiscriminately, and even demolished ancient temples and dug up graves; in "Visiting Hucheng County Again", the cruel officials and the county people's Injustice is a true portrayal of social life in this period. His poems are also clear and simple, and they are all modern style poems, but they are also superficial and not very readable. He calls himself bitter chanting, but from a technical point of view, this may not be the case. "Canglang Poetry Talk" lists them as one, but Weng Fanggang disagrees. In "Shizhou Poetry Talk", he said: "Xian Tong's ten philosophers are all lacking in character... Du Xunhe and Yan Canglang's eyes are integrated into one, which is also very simple." "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" quoted from "Shogunate Yan Xian Lu", which is also said to be vulgar and vulgar, but Gong Ci is the best in the Tang Dynasty.
Du Xunhe came from a humble background. He went to Chang'an several times to take the exam, but failed and returned home. When Huang Chao's uprising army swept across Shandong and Henan, he returned home from Chang'an. From then on, he "lived in tobacco for fifteen years" ("Coming out of the mountains after the chaos and met with high-ranking officials"), and lived a life of "the world is rich in articles, and the mountains are fertile for farming" ("The Works in the Mountains after the Rebellion"). Wen gave him a name from the Ministry of Rites, and he won the eighth Jinshi in the second year of Zhong Dashun (891) ("Jian Jie Lu"). The year after he won the title, due to the political situation, he returned to his old mountain. Tian Kai was in Xuanzhou, and he valued him very much and used him for work. In the third year of Tianfu (903), Tian Bo rebelled against Yang Xingmi and sent him to Daliang to contact Zhu Wen. Tian Bo was defeated and died. Zhu Wen recommended him and awarded him the title of Bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and the title of Foreign Minister, Host and Guest Officer. He died of a serious illness within ten days. "Tang Feng Collection" is published in Ming Jigu Pavilion. Liu Shiheng, a recent scholar, compiled the "Posthumous Letters of the Sages of Guichi" and included an addendum. In 1959, the Shanghai office of Zhonghua Book Company took Liu's edition as the original version, supplemented and collated it based on "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", and compiled it into "Du Xunhe's Poems", which was jointly published with "Nie Yi's Poems". There is also an early Qing engraving of the Complete Works of One Hundred Famous Tang Poem Masters, entitled "Collected Works of Du Xunhe", and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House photocopied three volumes of the Song and Shu engraving of "Collected Works of Du Xunhe".
Extended reading: Du Xunhe’s literary contribution
Du Xunhe has devoted his life to poetry. He said that he has been unfulfilled for hundreds of years, and it is difficult to teach him not to sing for a day. Poetry ("A Leisurely Residence in Autumn"). When he ascended the throne, he compiled three volumes of his poems into "Collection of Tang Feng". There are more than 300 poems in existence, all of which are rhymed poems and quatrains.
There are roughly three major schools of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty: the first is the Wen-Li School, which is famous for its beauty, and is represented by Han Xie; the second is the Jiadao School, which is mainly about cold, thin and bitter chants, and is represented by Li Dong and others. Representatives; the third is those who focus on reflecting social reality and people's livelihood hardships and inherit the mantle of Yuanbai's New Yuefu, represented by Pi Rixiu and others; Du Xunhe, who claims to be a travesty poet and the poorest in the world ("Residence in the Suburbs"), There are nearly 130 five-rhymed poems preserved in the collection of poems. Among them, the works that express life in the mountains and forests and the realm of silence basically belong to the Jia Dao school. It's not that he can't write poems in the style of Wen and Li. The "Spring Palace Resentment", which is listed in the first volume of "Tang Feng Collection" and has always been popular, is said to be the best palace poem in the Tang Dynasty. There is also a popular proverb: "Du has 300 poems, but only in the Tang Dynasty." In one couplet: The wind is warm, the birds' voices are broken, and the sun is high, and the shadows of flowers are heavy. The metaphorical technique of using the unfortunate life experience of the palace maid to symbolize his unappreciated talent shows the author's superb artistic skills.
However, the main achievement of Du Xunhe's poetry is the few works that sympathize with the suffering of the people and are connected with the spirit of Yuan Bai.
Du Xunhe claimed that the purpose of his poems was not to forget about saving things ("Autobiography"), and also said that his speech was related to current affairs, and his chapters reflected the national style ("Autumn Mountains"). Therefore, he wrote the poem "The Journey of the World". Xian Zhu Wen and Bai Juyi wrote allegorical poems for the emperor, ministers, people, things, and things for the same purpose. There are two poems in "Shi Shi Xing", one is entitled "The Widow in the Mountains" and "Meeting the Old Man in the Village after the Chaos", which profoundly depict the heavy suffering caused by the war to the rural people. "Visiting Hucheng County Again" and "The Village House Where I Live" denounced a group of officials who started their career by massacring the people. "Lvbo encounters rebellion in the county to show comrades", which exposes the crimes of local vassals and towns taking advantage of the situation. In the poet's pen, he reproduces the miserable world of the people's miserable life during the years of melee in the feudal town after the Huangchao Uprising was suppressed. In addition, works such as "The Silkworm Woman", "The Sick Old Man of Xiashi County" and "The Field Man" reflect the people's deep suffering from tax exploitation. "Snow" and "Snow in the Mountains" vividly reflect the unfair phenomenon of class antagonism.