First, correctly grasp the content of poetry
The question seems difficult to understand, but it is actually easier to answer. Appreciating and analyzing the content of poetry mainly depends on what it praises, praises, confides, discovers, pursues, explains, criticizes, describes, worries, thinks and expresses. As long as we study the whole content of poetry, we can make a correct interpretation.
(A) from the meaning of the title to understand the rich and profound connotation of poetry
As the saying goes, the title is the eye of the article. In many ancient poems, titles have obvious implications for the extensive and rich contents in the text.
(2) Appreciate the unique and profound artistic conception of the poem from the "cold" and "hot" scenery described in the poem.
When the ancients wrote poems, they often used scenery to express their feelings and melted their feelings into the scenery. In many poems, "cold" and "hot" scenery are often "barometers" of writers' emotional changes.
(3) From the twists and turns of the writer's life, we can get a glimpse of the writing intention of poetry.
As the saying goes, "Poetry expresses ambition". Ancient poets often incorporated their own life experiences and personal honors and disgraces into their own poems, which provided a certain basis for us to understand the profound theme of poetry.
(4) Explore the theme of poetry from the meaning of allusions in poetry.
Ancient poets often use allusions to express broad and profound themes when creating.
Second, correctly understand the language of poetry. Special attention should be paid to the understanding of disyllabic words, which should be completed on the premise of thoroughly understanding the whole poetic context, and we must never expect literalness. The additional semantics of some words (emotional color, contextual semantics) should be considered in combination with the poetic context. To understand a poem, we should start with the whole poem, whether it is scenery or lyric, whether it is true or imaginary, and whether it is profound.
Strong philosophy, or straightforward and popular image, and then make a correct explanation.
Thirdly, to grasp the image of poetry, we should contact the author's life experience, writing background, the text content of poetry and the relevant information materials provided by the examination questions as much as possible. See whether poetry writes about natural scenery or expresses the feelings of human culture; See whether to rely on the natural scene and give it a personalized image, or directly appear as a lyric hero; Look at whether poetry expresses "self" interest or "self" feelings.
Fourthly, to judge the style and genre of poetry, we need to master the common sense of poetry. We should seriously study and master the poems in textbooks and related knowledge essays, such as "Excellent Tradition of Ancient Poetry" and "Appreciation of Ancient Poetry Art".
Fifth, the judgment of artistic skills is based on the mastery of various artistic techniques, and you should carefully ponder your own experience when reading. The exam can test expression, rhetoric and expression. Rhetoric mainly includes metaphor, antithesis, parallelism, metonymy, parody, description and so on. The main methods of expression are: comparison, contrast and symbol; There are positive descriptions and side descriptions; There are real writing and imaginary writing; Affection and scenery, affection and scenery and so on. Usually, we should pay attention to learning and mastering these.
Classical Chinese reading
Let me make a suggestion, that is, do the last question (question 7) first. Why? The teacher has repeatedly asked everyone to "read through twice" when answering the reading questions, that is, read through the full text and all the questions. But some students just can't do it. They often explain the first word without reading the text. When they can't do it, they go back to find sentences that contain explained words. In order to overcome this practice, I suggest doing the last question first. Because this question examines the understanding and analysis of the full text, it is impossible not to read the full text, which can guide you to read the full text before doing these four questions. In addition, the four options of the 7 questions are very helpful for understanding the meaning of the text, and there are also some hints for doing the first 2 questions.
Reading classical Chinese should pay attention to the implementation of the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, and translation should be carried out to the point.
The examination of classical Chinese undoubtedly focuses on the examination of classical Chinese knowledge (of course, ideological content is not ignored). Therefore, we must pay attention to the implementation of the basic knowledge of classical Chinese in preparing for the exam. As for the translation of classical Chinese, it is the most effective way to examine students' classical Chinese level.
Translation is based on a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the meaning of sentences, and the test paper requires literal translation, that is, the implementation of each word, which we should pay special attention to. The steps of translation, first of all, should read through the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, be aware of it, and avoid rushing to translate as soon as it comes up. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down temporarily and weigh them after you finish translating the context. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs. The so-called word realization is mainly to judge the usage and meaning of each function word and content word, and find out the interchangeable words, ancient and modern synonyms, flexible words and so on. And make an accurate explanation, but also grasp the characteristics of sentence patterns and the tone of sentences. Pay special attention to keywords when translating, otherwise it will be difficult to accurately translate the meaning of the text.
In particular, when translating classical Chinese, we must make full use of the draft paper at hand. Write down the sentences to be translated first, then compare them one by one, implement them word by word, and then combine them into reasonable and fluent sentences. You can't copy the test paper until it is checked correctly.