Cartography Course (1)-Cartography Cartography
First, introduce the simplest windows drawing.
Pure white tutorial, don't scold me.
Windows drawing is the necessary software for every bar friend who has installed Windows system, and it is basically the first software for every bar friend who has been exposed to computer drawing.
Let's not talk nonsense. Look at the material first: the big picture of Tantu Three Kingdoms.
The result is a sneak peek (in fact, the painting is rather slag and the burr is quite obvious)
First, preparation before painting
Drawing software is raster drawing software, which has no layer function. It is a software that tests people. Once painted, it is difficult to modify. So it is necessary to set up the software before drawing, so that we can work for a period of time.
First of all, you need to call out the grid and ruler, that is, check the contents in the picture below, and you can see the dense small grids. Why is it called the power grid? Or is it because drawing is a grid drawing software, and each grid is a pixel, and every picture we make actually changes the color of the related pixels? In order to draw the map more accurately, it is necessary to call out the grid.
The way to not check the grid.
Check the grid.
Next, I will introduce a function that will be used-zoom in, in the lower right corner. The maximum magnification is 8 times, which is basically enough.
Next, get familiar with the functions we want to use, mainly pencils. I believe everyone will.
Draw boundaries and rivers
Start drawing borders and rivers. The key to drawing is to draw one at a time. Don't be greedy. Drawings cannot be modified afterwards. Pay special attention to this.
the bidding cities
Find the city you want to represent on the base map, using a rectangle or a circle. This can be anything, as long as it is a symbol. Make a mark first. Why don't we wait until the map is almost finished? The reason is that we can still see the bottom map at this time. After a while, the base map will disappear, and we can't find the location of the city, except for people with excellent memories.
Note that the city note is not written at this time, only the symbol is marked.
Draw a white edge and paint it at the bottom.
After the boundary line and river are drawn, the next step is to clean up the filled area, which I generally call white edge drawing. It is to draw rough white edges on both sides of the boundary first, which is convenient for later rubber and filling.
After drawing the white edge, you can clean up the unnecessary parts. There are several ways to clean up: choose delete, eraser and white fill.
Select Delete:
Effect of rectangle rough deletion
Arbitrary polygon deletion
Eraser deletion
Preliminary treatment of small details
Delete the effect of various background colors.
If you think this is enough, you must have a headache when you fill in the color. The next thing to do is to check the leakage.
Fill in the black and check for leaks: Fill in the black, and small holes that are not obvious at first will come out. Fill in black and then white as a whole, which is basically perfect.
@zerphiren
color in
Everyone will definitely use paint buckets, because the previous painting work is perfect and the coloring work is easy. What I want to say here is that the most common problems in drawing software are burrs and loopholes, which can only be solved relatively perfectly through perfect bottoming work, which is also the place with the largest workload in drawing.
pay attention to
Select the annotation style in these places.
Last resort, cancel, this is a regret medicine for painting, but only three times. If you don't win three times, you have to fill in the blanks and draw again, or close the software without saving.
China map stick figure 1. First, draw the general outline of the map of China. Note that the map of China looks like a rooster.
2. Draw a curve to represent the Yangtze River.
Draw a curve to represent the Yellow River.
4. Draw another curve to represent the Pearl River.
5. Draw an approximate circular figure to represent Hainan Island.
6. Draw an ellipse to represent Taiwan Province Province.
How to draw a map of China quickly and teach you how to draw a map of China?
Step 1: isosceles triangle
1. Draw a horizontal line segment AB, bisect AB, and make a vertical line through the second bisector;
2. Take point C on the vertical line, so that AC = AB3. Connect with the trend to complete isosceles △ABC.
Step 2: parallelogram
1. Draw a line segment BD, so that BD is slightly inclined to the horizontal line by about 10. In short, guarantee ∠ CBD >; 90, and BD = AB
2. Similarly, divide BD into three equal parts and use the second bisector as a vertical line (note that it is not the vertical line of BD); 3. Take point E on the vertical line and connect CE, DE, __E‖BD, _ E‖BC；; 4.__E and CE are divided into three parts.
ladder-shaped
1. Make ED extension line;
2. Make a plumb line through the midpoint of BD;
3. Let the first bisector f of BD be FG_ (not parallel to the extension line, but slightly to the right of its parallel line); Make the two vertical lines on BD just bisect FG;
4. Make GH‖BD, cross the extension line at H, and then divide DH into three parts.
Step 4: Arc shape
1. The first bisector passing through points D, E and CE is an arc (the arc pendulum should not be too prominent, it will determine the direction of the southeast coastline);
2. Arc through point A and point C (also pay attention to control the arc pendulum);
3. Take a point P on the vertical line CP to make P equal to the upper bisector of FG, and then make an arc through the two bisectors of P, B and FG. (Note that the three arcs should be as smooth as possible and not necessarily part of a circle. Step 5: continent outline.
It is highly recommended that you refer to the map of People's Republic of China (PRC) when practicing drawing, preferably on the blackboard. )
Let's talk about the "chicken head" part first.
1. Draw a small cap from * * to the right, cut at the midpoint of GH, and draw an elongated "W" to connect H (pay attention to controlling the depth of cutting); 2. Draw a section vertically downward from H and switch vertically at the first bisector of HD; 3. Then draw a super-stretched "Le" and connect it to the second bisector, which represents this super-abnormal "chicken mouth" (pay attention to its inclination); 4. The description of Bohai coast is difficult and embarrassing; It has three notches, the upper notch represents Liaodong Bay, the left notch represents Bohai Bay and the right notch represents Laizhou Bay. Therefore, we must first make clear the location of Beijing so as not to be "eaten" by Bohai Bay. Beijing is probably just above the second bisector of BD.
Draw the Liaodong Peninsula with a "V" (pay attention to controlling the inclination), then bend out of Liaodong Bay, continue to the left (the inclination is consistent with Liaodong Peninsula), and sag to the left when approaching the BD line (pay attention to keeping the distance between the notch and Beijing, after all, Tianjin is separated in the middle), and then draw a "several" connection D; 5. It's better to draw from Shandong Peninsula: Shandong Peninsula looks like a thumb, with the same inclination as Liaodong Peninsula. When approaching the first bisector of Germany, turn out vertically to the lower right, and the intersection with the arc line is the "Yangtze River estuary";
Simply draw a small gap to represent Hangzhou Bay, then go south along the arc to reach point E, then draw a small gap to represent the Pearl River Estuary, then follow the arc to the intersection of the middle vertical line and the arc, which is the root of Leizhou Peninsula, and then lead down to Leizhou Peninsula. 6. Yunnan border area is old, pour more oil! Let's summarize the outstanding parts with four sharp corners. The base angle and the first bisector of CE are roughly on the same vertical line, and the horizontal direction does not exceed Leizhou Peninsula. You can draw this sharp corner first, and then draw an overhanging "Ji" to the right to connect with the root of Leizhou Peninsula (note that the head of "Ji" is inside the arc, and the boundary of Guangxi follows the arc);
Then use a "W" or "M" to represent the three sharp corners at the lower end, draw the sharp corner at the upper left near the first bisector, and then use a gap to connect with the three sharp corners below (pay attention to controlling the direction of these four sharp corners, not on a horizontal line, but gradually move to the upper left), and the Yunnan piece will be finally completed; 7. There will be an old fire next. However, at the critical moment, we can simply handle it. The gap formed by the intersection of two arcs can be simply summarized as a "?" The shape can be, (it doesn't need to be portrayed too clearly like the above picture, and there is time to portray it);
Then insist on drawing an arc from point C, and after a short walk, draw a gap to the inside of the arc (here "Bhutan"); Then continue to walk along the arc until there is a protrusion in the middle of the arc (the size should be controlled, similar to the gap in Bhutan);
Then, starting from point A, it is connected with the protrusion in the shape of "a pair of braces connected end to end" along the arc, and the "chicken butt" is basically completed; 8. It will be easy in the future. Starting from point A, it inclines slightly to the upper right for a period of time, then suddenly rises linearly when it reaches the first bisector of AB, and then connects to point P with an overstretched "W". At this time, the top of the chicken butt forms three sharp corners (note that their trend is gradually to the upper right); 9. Draw an abnormal "3" from point P along the arc and connect it to point B; 10. Inner Mongolia is our last line of defense, which is a little old and needs refueling.
Start with * *, and draw a big gap along the direction of line segment FG to the first bisector (control the depth of the gap, not too deep); Walk a short distance along the line segment and suddenly turn right to form a bulge; Then draw a thumb-like shape and connect it to the second bisector; Another small bump, and then connect it to point B with an overstretched "V" along the arc.
Chinese mainland is finally finished. 1 1. Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Island are icing on the cake. Hainan Island is simply drawn as an inclined "water drop" or "grenade" with its tip opposite to Leizhou Peninsula. The sketch of Taiwan Province Island is "duck head" (or other), and the duckbill is at the lower end, with the lowest end not exceeding the Pearl River Estuary and the highest end not exceeding the first bisector of ed. The distance from the mainland is equal to the width of the island, and the trend is naturally parallel to the mainland coast (please ensure that Taiwan Province Island is slightly larger than Hainan Island). 12. The "nine-dash line" in the South China Sea is similar to a "Lickitung". It has been licked all over the world, but it is always licked back. Its transverse width is roughly equal to that between Hainan and Taiwan Province Province, and its longitudinal length is roughly equal to the line segment DE. (_K, call it a day! )
(It is worth pointing out that according to the above method, we get a simplified China profile, but this is enough. If you want to be more accurate, you must describe it more; But these are all flashy. What we need is something in the outline, such as the distribution of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, mountains and topography. These all need to be explored by ourselves, so I won't go into details here. After all, the more we know about some things, the worse it will be for us. Finally, I wish you all a happy drawing. )