Characteristics of modern music
The development of music in the 20th century was colorful and dazzling, and many schools appeared.
The overall characteristics can be divided into five aspects:
Melody of 1: Traditional music is based on fluency, natural ups and downs, and regular progress. However, in the 20th century, the melody of music is often unsmooth, jumping violently, sometimes not reading sentences, and sometimes avoiding the melody factors in traditional music, replacing the melody with other vocal methods.
2 Rhythm and beat: Rhythm is the skeleton of traditional music, which is well organized; In modern music, the rhythm is free and changeable. Some use polyrhythm without rhythm, some without rhythm and bar lines, some are freely arranged by the players, and some are? Only rhythm? Harmony: traditional music is based on harmony and triad; Modern music breaks this concept. Based on sound sense, there is no chord structure and function of traditional music. Eleven chords and thirteen chords are commonly used, and sound groups and plate sound groups are adopted. Even the concept of chord no longer exists.
4 mode and tonality: traditional music is centered on major and minor modes, while modern music is often atonal. Some create their own scales and sequences, while others do not move in the melody category, thus losing the meaning of mode and tonality.
On the orchestration: traditional music optimizes the combination of various musical instruments, and the timbre emphasizes balance; Modern music, on the other hand, emphasizes the extreme range and noise commonly used by individual instruments, highlights percussion and seeks new timbre and vocal instruments.
The 20th century is a period in which various musical styles coexist, and there is no comprehensive summary. Unconventional electronic music and figurative music have no traditional elements such as melody, rhythm, harmony and tonality, but completely break away from traditional music. So these music can't be explained by traditional concepts, and we can only gradually understand them through sound. There is no doubt about the vitality of the trendy music in the 20th century. It is not the negation or substitution of tonal music, but the supplement and expansion of tonal music, and also the exploration of new music language.
Overview of modern music
In professional music terminology, modernist music generally refers to all professional music creation from 65438+ impressionist music in the late 20th century to today. From the perspective of historical style, modern music refers to music works supported by non-traditional composition techniques and non-functional harmony system in the 20th century. It doesn't represent all the music works created by 20. Music system is different from traditional music system and pop music system. Gradually formed a unique modern harmony as a theoretical support. Its music is characterized by its complex harmonic structure, mostly musical works with vague tonality, polytonality, pan-tonality and atonality.
The main schools of modern music
Impressionist music
This kind of music is the first art school that rose in the field of painting from the end of 1 9 to the beginning of the 20th century. Its style originated from a painting by Monet, Impression: Sunrise. Impressionist painters pay attention to the change of light and color, and express their love for life and nature in ordinary themes. Impressionist music is the pioneer of music schools in the 20th century. Before the First World War, it was produced under the influence of impressionism in the field of literature and painting, and was retained as a new musical style title because of the appearance of Debussy's symphony suite Spring. Music mostly takes natural scenery or poetry and painting as the theme, actively expresses the instantaneous impression of objective things, and has a mysterious or hazy artistic conception. It does not give priority to melody, but attaches importance to harmony and the color function of orchestration; Break through the system of major and minor tones and use diatonic and pentatonic scales; Increase the possibility of chord structure: replace triad and seventh chord with ninth chord, eleventh chord and thirteenth chord; Weakening the function of harmony, blurring tonality, using a lot of tone sandhi, and using more small genres. The representative figure of this music genre: French composer Debussy, deeply influenced by symbolist writers and poets such as Malamei, was inspired by the new sound of Jawa Gameland's band at the 1 8 8 9 Paris International Expo, and was also inspired by Musorgskiy's original music; He praised Wagner, but thought Wagner's road was unique and not applicable to others. Therefore, he embarked on a unique road of music creation and became the originator of impressionist music. Representative works include piano works, prints, moonlight, orchestral works, pastoral afternoons, and opera pelias and Melissa.
Expressionist music
This kind of music is an art school that rose in Germany and Austria at the beginning of the 20th century before the First World War. As the antonym of impressionism, it appeared in the field of painting and poetry in Germany, represented by Kandinsky, and then extended to the field of music. There are certain social reasons for its appearance: at that time, Germany practiced autocratic rule, and social contradictions were prominent and turbulent, which led to the expression of some artists and their subjective feelings; They think that the world is full of suffering, ugliness and terror, so they express their subjective feelings with exaggerated and distorted abstract geometric figures. 1 9 1 8, Austrian composer Thyssen used expressionism to comment on music works, from which expressionism style appeared and gradually became popular in the music field. Expressionist music has the characteristics of anti-tradition, incoherent melody, irregular beat, extreme dynamic change, unclear structure, sharp and discordant chord sounds, and most importantly, it uses the phonology of12. Therefore, the lyricism of romanticism, the logic of classicism and the color beauty of impressionism can't be found in expressionist music, which is very strange. Expressionist music abandons the description of the surrounding world, emphasizes the expression of inner experience, directly pursues deep feelings, and advocates that music should express people's ideological essence and inner soul.
Main representative: Schoenberg, Austrian composer and music theorist. He and his two students, Berger and Wei Boen, are both representative composers of 1 2 music, and have become? New Vienna Conservatory of Music? Schoenberg's representative works include Pietro on the Moon, Survivor of Warsaw, Variations of the Band and so on.
Neoclassical music
Also called? New baroque music? It was one of the popular schools of modern music during the two world wars in the 1920s. Aesthetically, neoclassical music pursues balanced, stable and rational music, opposes the inflated subjective consciousness in post-romantic music and expresses strong personal feelings. Oppose heteronomy, support self-discipline, put forward the idea of returning to Bach and adopt it? Music is music? Absolute musical form pays more attention to the technology and form of music than the content, and replaces emotional expression with musical form. Specifically, it pursues the balance and symmetry of melody and rhythm. Advocate a fresh and standardized music structure and oppose a free and loose structure; Advocate pure music, revive the genre form before romanticism, and oppose title music; Advocate miniaturization and indoor band preparation, and oppose huge band preparation. However, this school often combines the musical forms of Bach and other composers with the new musical language of the 20th century, and tends to adopt the method of extended tonality or even atonality, with complex harmony, often adding the novel and discordant sounds of the 20th century, sharp, novel and discordant sounds peculiar to the orchestration, and changeable musical instrument timbre, so it did not return to the functional tonality system of the classical period, nor did it really reflect the true colors of the music of the Baroque period.
So people call this a retro music school? Neoclassical music? To distinguish it from the classical period. The representative figure of neoclassical music school: Stravinsky; Russian-American composer, representing composers Firebird, Sacrifice to Spring and Puccinia.
Neo-nationalist music
Compared with the nationalist music in the19th century, the depth of neo-nationalist music in the 20th century in eulogizing the national content and people's life has been weakened, and composers pay attention to the connotation of folk music itself and the new discovery of its characteristics. In the processing of music materials, neo-nationalist music emphasizes the absorption of people's inherent characteristics and melodies, and creates according to folk modes, scales and rhythms. In the absorption of musical features, this kind of music is more or less influenced by some new composing techniques. The representative figure of this music genre: Bartok; Hungarian composer, whose representative works include piano textbooks such as Small Universe and Dedicated to Children. Opera "The Castle of Duke Bluebeard" and so on.
In addition to the above four kinds, music in the 20th century also appeared: differential music, noise music, sequence music, occasional music, electronic music and other musical forms. Since 1970s, the development of music in the 20th century has shown a diversified trend. No style occupies a central position. Composers pay attention to the creation and discovery of new techniques, new acoustics and new tricks, and make more use of the new expression techniques accumulated in the past decades to combine with traditional music to create. Romantic trend of thought is gradually returning, and atonal music is quietly withdrawing from the music trend.
Introduction to Impressionist Modern Music
This kind of music is the first art school that rose in the field of painting from the end of 1 9 to the beginning of the 20th century. Its style originated from a painting by Monet, Impression: Sunrise. Impressionist painters pay attention to the change of light and color, and express their love for life and nature in ordinary themes. Impressionist music is the pioneer of music schools in the 20th century. Before the First World War, it was produced under the influence of impressionism in the field of literature and painting, and was retained as a new musical style title because of the appearance of Debussy's symphony suite Spring. Music mostly takes natural scenery or poetry and painting as the theme, actively expresses the instantaneous impression of objective things, and has a mysterious or hazy artistic conception.