The launch significance of Shenzhou XIII was around 202110/6 0: 23. China's Long March II F carrier rocket was successfully launched with Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft, which was a complete success.
The launch significance of Shenzhou XIII 1 Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft is the last task in the key technology verification stage of China Space Station. The spacecraft was developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. This flight will verify the last key technologies needed for the construction and operation of the space station and lay an important foundation for China to build the "Tiangong".
If all goes well, after spending about six months in space, the three astronauts who took off on the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft will return to the Dongfeng landing site in China. China's manned spaceflight project will be officially transferred to the next stage-the construction stage of the space station.
"God" in China
Before the launch of Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft, Tianhe core module, Tianzhou No.3 cargo spacecraft and Tianzhou No.2 cargo spacecraft of China Space Station had formed a "I"-shaped configuration.
10 10 16, after Shenzhou XIII arrived in space, it successfully made the first radial rendezvous and docking with Tianhe and Tianzhou assembly, that is, it quickly rendezvous and docked with Tianhe core module under the word "one". "Radial rendezvous and docking is the key and one of the key technologies to be verified in the Shenzhou 13 mission." Gao Xu, deputy chief designer of shenzhou spaceship, told the reporter of China Aerospace.
China has never conducted radial rendezvous and docking in previous manned space missions, but only by mastering the radial rendezvous and docking technology can we ensure that in future manned space missions, Tianhe core module can simultaneously dock two spacecraft from its "forward" and "radial" directions, and then six astronauts can fly in orbit at the same time.
The sun's shading may lead to insufficient energy supply for the spacecraft. The solution of the spacecraft designer is "borrowing"-after the spacecraft is docked with the Tianhe core module, the two will realize grid-connected power supply. When the spacecraft is short of energy, the Tianhe core cabin can provide power for it.
Occlusion also brings thermal control problems. "Half of the ship is very hot and half is very cold. The place where the sun shines is 130 degrees Celsius, and the place where it can't shine is MINUS 130 degrees Celsius. " Fu Yang, chief designer of shenzhou spaceship thermal control subsystem, said. To this end, the thermal control team from the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group laid a thermal control pipeline on the surface of the spacecraft, designed a new coating for the spacecraft return cabin, and at the same time adopted the method of heating the bulkhead of the return cabin to ensure the thermal balance of the hull.
In addition, the development team also solved the problems of control, orbit, measurement and control brought by radial rendezvous and docking. The docking mechanism of the spacecraft has also been upgraded to improve the lateral buffering capacity, thus successfully completing the radial rendezvous and docking.
Another key technology that Shenzhou XIII spacecraft will verify is its six-month long-term in-orbit flight, which will set a record for the longest space stay of Chinese astronauts. Gao Xu introduced that since Shenzhou VIII, shenzhou spaceship has been developing according to 180 days in orbit. "We are confident to complete the task of 180 days."
Shenzhou XIII is the last spacecraft launched before China Space Station entered the construction stage. It has its own "magic" and "unique" features. Radial rendezvous and docking and 180-day on-orbit flight are the keys to realize the manned and long-term care of China Space Station. Only by mastering them can China have an indestructible "Heavenly Palace".
"Five ships" in parallel
Strictly speaking, the Shenzhou XIII mission is not just a spaceship mission. This is a "big test" of China's space manufacturing and management capabilities, which is crucial for China to build and operate the space station.
In August this year, for the shenzhou spaceship test team that just entered the launch site, Shenzhou was in a parallel state of "five ships": one in the sky, two in the launch site, one in the test center and one in the assembly plant. Chang Yuedong, deputy commander-in-chief of shenzhou spaceship, told reporters that the team should reasonably arrange the recovery mission of Shenzhou 12, the launch mission of Shenzhou 13, the emergency rescue mission of Shenzhou 14, the test mission of Shenzhou 15 and the carrying mission of Shenzhou 16.
Such high density and intensity is the new normal for China to enter the construction and operation stage of the space station. It can be seen that the construction and operation of China Space Station should not only master the necessary key technologies, but also stand the comprehensive test of manufacturing and management capabilities.
China Aerospace learned from an interview with Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center that in August this year, when the shenzhou spaceship test team entered the launch site, there was still one month before the Shenzhou 12 spacecraft returned from space. In the meantime, on the one hand, they have to prepare for a new spacecraft launch mission; On the other hand, we should also make preparations for the recovery mission of Shenzhou 12. In view of the emergency rescue mode adopted by manned space flight, the launch of the new spacecraft should take into account Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14.
Chang Yuedong introduced that China plans to launch Shenzhou XIV spacecraft next spring. According to the plan, the Shenzhou XV spacecraft, as its emergency backup, will also enter the site with the test team next year. At present, this spaceship is being tested in Beijing. As the first ship of the next batch of spacecraft, Shenzhou 16 is also an imminent delivery node. Taken together, the experimental team has five "Shenzhou" in hand. The difficulty of operation can be imagined.
How to control this "Shenzhou" fleet, so that multiple ships can run in parallel in an orderly way?
Gao Xu introduced that on the one hand, the team needs to improve its management level and arrange various tasks reasonably; On the other hand, we should also cultivate generalists, improve personnel reuse rate and expand personnel deployment space. In addition, they also need to improve the efficiency of R&D and production through digital means and product creativity. Gao Xu explained that productization is to realize the solidification of product state and process and improve the versatility of products. For example, he said that some stand-alone products in shenzhou spaceship are now common with Tianzhou cargo spacecraft, which has obviously improved the development efficiency.
Shenzhou "password"
In shenzhou spaceship Experimental Team, there are many examples of improving efficiency through innovation, and comprehensive testing is one of them.
Comprehensive test refers to the data interpretation of the whole ship from assembly to launching to ensure that each time node reaches the corresponding state. "If it is not reached, it may trigger a failure mechanism and even stop launching in severe cases." Diao Weihe, chief designer of shenzhou spaceship Comprehensive Test, said.
At present, shenzhou spaceship's high-density launch puts forward higher requirements for the professional ability of comprehensive testing. It is obviously not advisable to rely on crowd tactics. Besides, where are so many testers?
After several years of exploration, the "Shenzhou" team found a new test mode. Diao Weiwei summed it up as: (1) a data interpretation mode with machines as one post and personnel as two posts; Long-distance and long-distance collaborative testing mode between Beijing and launch site; Two "one-button" test processes. The core of the new model is automation. "Machines are more reliable than people, with less human influence and more reliable test results." He said.
How to ensure that the new model is effective? Before the electrical survey of Shenzhou-12 spacecraft, the development team called all relevant personnel of each subsystem and spent four months designing, deducing and verifying more than 6,000 parameters. It not only verified the normal data, but also artificially created some fault data through fishing law enforcement, and the results were seen through one by one.
1800 hours of verification finally dispelled the doubts of all parties. "There will be no missing or wrong judgments, because each of us has verified it." Yan Weihe said.
The benefits of the new model reform are very significant. To complete the comprehensive test of a spaceship, Shenzhou XI needs 40 people, Shenzhou XII needs 30 people, and Shenzhou XIII only needs 20 people. Time has also been compressed, with 70 days for Shenzhou XI, 70 days for Shenzhou XII and 45 days for Shenzhou XIII.
Diao Weiwei said: "In automatic interpretation, we pursue' once and for all' because we are facing the test of the operation of the 10 space station. At the same time, I also believe that other models will not have such a big driving force. "
Every launch of shenzhou spaceship is the focus of national attention. With the advancement of China's space station construction, the Shenzhou team is facing an unprecedented test. They are pushing the reform of the aerospace manufacturing industry with their greatest efforts, the most positive thinking, the most positive behavior and the most extensive wisdom.
Perhaps this is the password for this team to undertake arduous tasks and successfully complete the "Shenzhou Dream" of the Chinese nation.
The launch significance of Shenzhou XIII 2110/6 At about 0: 23, China's Long March II F carrier rocket was successfully launched with Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft, and the launch site was located in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This is the second manned mission within one month after the successful return of Shenzhou 12 to the ground in September this year 17.
The astronauts on the shenzhou spaceship are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu. Among them, Zhai Zhigang carried out the Shenzhou VII mission in 2008 and became the first person to leave the cabin in China. Wang Yaping carried out the Shenzhou-10 mission on 20 13, and gave a "space lecture" for the first time, demonstrating various wonderful experiments under weightlessness to students. Of the three, Ye Guang Fu is the youngest and the first astronaut to perform a space mission.
Shenzhou XIII will perform five major tasks.
1. Carry out experiments on key technologies of space station assembly and construction, such as mechanical arm assisted cabin transposition and controlled operation;
2. Conduct 2-3 extravehicular activities, and install large and small mechanical arms, dual-arm combined adapters and suspension devices to prepare for the subsequent space station construction tasks;
3. It is necessary to further verify the healthy life and job security technology of astronauts staying in orbit for 6 months;
4. Carry out scientific and technological experiments and applications in space medicine, microgravity physics and other fields, and carry out diversified popular science education activities;
5. Comprehensively evaluate the functional performance of each system in the project to perform space station tasks and the matching between systems.
More challenging docking method: radial docking
Legend: Schematic diagram of radial docking of Shenzhou XIII.
At present, both Tianzhou-2 and Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft are in the docking state with the core cabin. After Shenzhou 12 returned to the ground, the "axial docking port" (forward docking port) on the vacated core cabin was occupied by Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft. Tianzhou-3 docked at the docking port on the original Tianzhou-2, so that the front and rear axial docking ports of the core cabin were occupied, and the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft could only dock vertically at the "radial docking port".
If you have been paying attention to the development of shenzhou spaceship, you will remember that on September 17, on the eve of the return of Shenzhou 12, a simulation drill of radial docking was conducted.
Radial butt joint is more difficult than axial butt joint. Radial docking means that the spacecraft approaches from below the core module, and there is a certain deviation between the orbital height of the spacecraft and the core module, and this vertical docking mode makes attitude control more difficult. What I have done before is axial docking. The spacecraft and the core module are at the same height, which makes it easier to dock and maintain posture.
Since it is so difficult, why do you have to butt radially? To put it simply, in the future, astronauts can dock two manned spacecraft at the same time when they carry out space handover in the space station.