Drinking was written by Tao Yuanming in 416 AD during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
First, the original text:
build house is in the human territory, and there are no cars and horses.
what can you do? The heart is far from self-centered.
under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are returning.
there is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten to say it if I want to distinguish it. ?
2. Translation:
I built a house in a place where many people live together, but I didn't hear the disturbance of secular communication.
ask me why I can do this? When your thoughts are far away from the world, the place where your heart is will become quiet.
Picking chrysanthemums under the fence in the east, I looked up and accidentally saw Nanshan.
in the evening, the mountains are hazy and the sun sets, and birds fly back to the mountains with them.
There is real pleasure in seclusion here, but I want to identify it, but I don't know how to express it.
III. Origin:
Drinking by Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty
IV. Creation background:
In 416 AD, Emperor Wu of Song mobilized the whole country's troops to crusade against the post-Qin Dynasty in five ways from east to west. Luoyang was first conquered, and the old capital of the Western Jin Dynasty was recovered. In the second year, he conquered Chang 'an. After a hundred years of vicissitudes, Chang 'an was finally recovered by the Jin army. When the news reached the south of the Yangtze River, the ruling and opposition parties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were jubilant.
Emperor Wu of Song greatly expanded his personal rights through the Northern Expedition. In order to please Emperor Wu of Song, the imperial court made Emperor Wu of Song a prime minister, in charge of state affairs, and named him Duke Song, and added nine tin to ten counties in the food city, which was above the princes. Emperor Wu of Song pretended to refuse. A discerning person knows at a glance that the court is in the hands of Emperor Wu of Song. If he wants something, the court has to give him something by imperial edict. It's only a matter of time before he wants to be emperor, and today's emperor has to give way to him quickly.
that autumn, Tao Yuanming was always unhappy. He had already seen through that the luck of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was exhausted, and it was only a matter of time before Emperor Wu of Song usurped the throne. He was sad and depressed about it all day. As long as the Eastern Jin Dynasty exists, the great-grandfather Tao Kan's achievements will be brilliant and shine on his country. Once the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, it would be written off. He also thinks that everything is developing and changing, and the rise and fall, honor and disgrace are constantly changing alternately. It is as big as a country and as small as a family. It's no use worrying about these things. Drink more wine and have a good sleep.
as long as Tao Yuanming gets the wine, there is not a night when he doesn't get drunk. He realized that life, like lightning, is fleeting, so he should be magnanimous and carefree. Maybe by drinking, I, Tao Yuanming, can go down in history.
V. Appreciation:
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers. The first four sentences are one layer, which shows the poet's feelings after getting rid of the troubles of worldly customs, and shows the poet's thoughts and feelings of disdaining officialdom and not colluding with the rulers. The last six sentences are a layer, writing about the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.
"build house is in the human world, but there are no chariots and horses." Although the poet lives in the dirty world, he is not bothered by the worldly customs. "The noise of horses and chariots" is a portrayal of all kinds of ugliness in the officialdom, such as fighting for each other, fighting with each other and trying to get a job. However, Tao Yuanming's "build house is in a human condition" is not a very remote place. How can he not hear the noise of chariots and horses? The poet seems to understand the reader's psychology, so he used a rhetorical question "Ask you what you can do" and then answered "I am far from my heart". As long as the mind is far away from the hustle and bustle of those dignitaries, other aspects are naturally not entangled with them. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life, which tells us that people's spiritual world can be self-purified. Under certain conditions, as long as they give full play to their subjective initiative, they can change the influence of the objective environment on themselves and find joy in life everywhere. The word "far-minded" reflects the poet's spiritual world, which is beyond dust and refined and has no thoughts of fame and fortune.
"Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" is a famous sentence that has been popular for thousands of years. Because of the spiritual realm of "the heart is far away from itself", I will leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the fence and look up at the mountain. It is so self-satisfied and so extraordinary! These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood with the description of objective scenery. The word "carefree" is used beautifully, indicating that what the poet saw and felt was not intended to seek, but met unexpectedly. Su Dongpo praised these two sentences: "The second time I picked chrysanthemums, I happened to see the mountains, but I didn't mean it at first, but I was happy with the situation." The word "see" is also used wonderfully, and "see" is an accidental occurrence. The beautiful scenery of Nanshan just sets off the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, synthesizing the "land without me" that I forgot. If you use the word "hope", you will have Nanshan in mind before you look at it intentionally. As a result, you will lose your naive interest in forgetting your plane. What is the beauty of Nanshan, which makes the poet praise it so much? Then there is "the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are returning", which is also the scenery that the poet inadvertently saw. In the beautiful dusk scenery of Nanshan, the birds fly back to the mountains together, and everything is free and adaptable, just as the poet is free from the shackles of officialdom and carefree, and the poet realizes the true meaning of nature and life here. "There is truth in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say." What does the poet realize from the birds of nature, Nanshan, sunset and autumn chrysanthemum? Is it the natural law that everything moves and goes to its proper place? Is it a yearning for an ancient simple and self-sufficient ideal society? Is it a philosophy of life that lets nature take its course? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet didn't express it clearly, but asked questions implicitly for the reader to think about, while he "wanted to distinguish himself and forget his words." If combined with the previous "build house is in a human condition, but there are no chariots and horses", the "true meaning" can be understood as the real meaning of life, that is, life should not be squandered on fame and fortune, and should not be defiled by the filth of officialdom, but should go back to nature and appreciate its infinite freshness and vitality! Of course, this "true meaning" has a great connotation, and the author didn't say it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless imagination and are memorable.