Historical Records includes twelve biographies (recording the political achievements of emperors in past dynasties), thirty biographies (recording the rise and fall of vassal states and governors in Han Dynasty), seventy biographies (recording the words and deeds of important people, mainly describing the characters and ministers, and the last one is the preface), ten tables (chronology of major events) and eight books (recording various laws and regulations, such as etiquette, music, temperament, calendar, astronomy, etc.). [ 1]
Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. His original biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations. Historical Records is also an excellent literary work, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature. It is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme", which has high literary value. Liu Xiang and others think that this book is "good in order and reason, argumentative but not flashy, qualitative but not vulgar". [ 1]
Purple tongzhi sword ps: occasional examination
Zi Tong Zhi Jian (often referred to as Tong Jian) is a multi-volume chronological history book edited by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 294 volumes, which took 19 years to complete. Mainly based on time and events, it began in the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC) and ended in the 6th year of Xiande, Zhou Shizong after the Five Dynasties (959 AD), covering the history of 16 dynasties and 1362 years.
In this book, the editor summed up many experiences and lessons for the rulers to learn from. Song Shenzong thinks that this book is "in view of the past, it has the resources for governance", that is, to strengthen the rule by taking historical gains and losses as a warning, so it is named "Managing with Capital". Zitongzhijian has 294 volumes, about 3 million words, and Kaoyi and Catalogue have 30 volumes.
Zi Tong Zhi Jian is China's first chronological general history, which occupies a very important position in China's official history works. [ 1]
The Book of Songs ps: It is very useful for learning to understand poetry, and you can write it.
The Book of Songs is the beginning of China's ancient poetry. This is the earliest collection of poems. Collected poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period (1 1 century to the 6th century), * * * 31,among which 6 poems are Sheng poems, that is, there are only titles but no contents, which are called Six Sheng Poems (. [ 1]
The author of The Book of Songs is anonymous, and most of them cannot be verified. They were collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius. In the pre-Qin period, the Book of Songs was called "The Book of Songs", or it was called "The Book of Songs 300" by integers. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
Confucius once summarized the purpose of the Book of Songs as "innocence" and educated his disciples to read the Book of Songs as their standard of speech and action. Among the pre-Qin philosophers, many people quoted The Book of Songs, such as Mencius, Xunzi, Mozi, Zhuangzi and Han Feizi. Quote the sentences in the Book of Songs to enhance your persuasiveness. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, The Book of Songs was regarded as a classic by Confucianism and became one of the six classics and five classics.
The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty. [2]
The Analects of Confucius ps: I have known it since I was a child.
The Analects of Confucius was jointly compiled by Confucius' disciples and his disciples, and was written in the Han Dynasty. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and reflects Confucius' thoughts more intensively. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism. It is mainly based on quoting classics and supplemented by narration, which embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, and "Four Books and Five Classics" with Shi, Shu, Li, Yijing and Chunqiu. There are 20 books and 492 chapters in the book, which is the first "documentary". It is one of the ancient works that China is spreading and learning.
The Analects of Confucius has three versions in ancient times, namely, ancient theory, Lu theory and Qi theory. The Analects of Confucius, which is popular now, is a version formed by Lu Lun and Gu Lun, while Qi Lun was lost in the Han and Wei Dynasties. [ 1]
According to Jiangxi Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, after the first round of infrared scanning, the Analects of Confucius, which is suspected to have been lost about 1800, was found in the bamboo slips unearthed from Hou Yin's tomb. [2]
Ps of Tao Te Ching: Personally, I prefer some sentences in it, which are well written.
Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Laozi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as the moral truth, with five thousand words and five thousand articles by Laozi. It was a work of China before the separation of the pre-Qin philosophers in ancient times. It was highly praised by the philosophers at that time and was an important source of Taoist philosophy. Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters. [ 1]
Tao Te Ching takes the philosophical meaning of "virtue" as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, mostly for the purpose of politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" theory, which has profound meaning and wide tolerance and is known as the king of all classics. [ 1]
Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.