Luo Guanzhong, a writer and dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was originally named Luo Caiben, whose word runs through the middle. Born in Hangzhou, his ancestral home is Taiyuan. Luo Guanzhong was born in the social unrest at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. He had his own political ideals, disagreed with the popular customs, and participated in the uprising against the Yuan Dynasty. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, he devoted himself to literary creation. Today, the novels signed by Luo Guanzhong are Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Biography of the History of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and Biography of the Three Sui Demons. Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as Romance of the Three Kingdoms) is Luo Guanzhong's masterpiece. It is "not very deep in writing and not very vulgar in words". Its grand structure describes the sharp and complicated political and military struggles in the Three Kingdoms period, shapes many vivid characters such as Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, exposes the brutal crimes of feudal rulers, and places people's desire for political clarity and social stability. This novel has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation. Luo Guanzhong has many artistic talents. Apart from novel creation, there is also the zaju Zhao Taizu's Dragon and Tiger Meeting.
For a long time, there have been many opinions about the birthplace of Luo Guanzhong, the author of the classic novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms in China, such as Taiyuan in Shanxi, Dongyuan in Shandong, Qiantang in Zhejiang and Cixi in Zhejiang. The academic debate for more than 2 years has been inconclusive. Meng Fanren, who has made great achievements in the field of China's classical literature and history, after more than 2 years' painstaking research, thinks that in the historical materials of the sequel to Record the Ghost Book discovered by China at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the records of Luo Guanzhong's Taiyuan origin, Roche's nickname, personality, works and whereabouts are important materials for determining Luo Guanzhong's native place. The Roche Family Tree and its descendants, which he discovered in the countryside of Qingxu County, Taiyuan City, were verified to be from the "Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty", where the Roche family lived. Luo Guanzhong's original name was "Luo Caiben", and later it was called "Robben", with the word "penetration". This "Roche Genealogy" was first compiled in the first year of Qin Long, Mu Zong in the Ming Dynasty, and has been revised for many times, and it has been preserved by Luo Lizhong, a descendant of the 22nd Roche. There is no doubt that Luo Guanzhong was born in Qingxu, Taiyuan. Meng Fanren repeatedly read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other Luo Guanzhong's works, and found that these works contain many stories of the author, including a large number of dialect slang unique to Qingxu area, which further convinced him of his conclusion. He also studied the historical materials of the site of Jinyang Ancient City in the suburbs of Taiyuan, and verified that the ancient Tang Yaochu moved to Taiyuan, leaving his name as "Tang Cheng". Jin 'an rebuilt Jinyang before 497 BC; A series of important historical events, such as the rise of troops in Taiyuan in the Li and Tang Dynasties and the establishment of the "Tang Dynasty" and the destruction of Taiyuan City by Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Kuangyi brothers in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and their influence on Luo Guanzhong's literary creation, confirmed his discovery of Roche's native place.
Shi Naian, a novelist at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, originally from the eastern capital, talked about Qiantang. Zeng Zhongshi was a scholar, worked as an official, and did not agree with the current situation. He abandoned his official and went home to write. With Qing Liu Tian as a fellow disciple, Mr. Qingtian Zeng Shihu Yuan, Shi Naian was ashamed, and his friendship was ruined. Shi Naian has a wide knowledge of ancient and modern times and is brilliant. He is proficient in all kinds of techniques, such as poetry, astronomy, geography, medical divination and astrology. At the beginning of Hong Wuchu, he was hidden in Jiangyin, set up a museum to teach students, and learned a lot from scholars. Everyone solves difficult problems, and when the test is like a ring; People who are sick in the neighborhood go to the clinic themselves, and all the medicines are cured, and the group is a god. It is said that Qingtian Liu Bowen is good at politics but bad at the army, and he is good at learning. If I don't be an official, I will be an official, and I will be an assistant. I will be a general, and I will hold hundreds of soldiers to decide the world, just like a chess game. After tasting the story of the water margin, he wrote the Water Margin for 12 times, which was exquisite in writing and exquisite in shape, engraved by Fang Jiaxi and popular far and wide. Jia thus became rich. This book was later spread and flowed into the Forbidden City. When Mao saw it, he hated it and said, "This book advocates chaos. There must be an evil plan in people's hearts. If you don't remove it, you will be in great trouble. " Secretly ordered Xinjiang officials to arrest them. When the soldiers arrived in Japan, Nai 'an had already fled, and I didn't know what to do.
Water Margin is also called Water Margin and Loyalty Water Margin. "The Water Margin" is a novel in the Ming Dynasty. Its author has different opinions in the Ming Dynasty. Some people say that Shi Naian cooperated with his student Luo Guanzhong, and now most of them think that it was written by Shi Naian. It is the first novel describing the whole process of peasant uprising in the history of Chinese literature. It was not written by one person for a while, but was compiled by literati on the basis of folk oral legends and artists' talking and singing. In the first half of the book, officials forced the people to revolt, and heroes such as Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen were "forced to revolt" one by one. After Song Jiang went up the mountain, he wrote several wars against local tyrants and government troops. In the second half, Song Jiang was wooed, attacked Liao and Fang La, and ended in tragedy. It reflects the law of the occurrence and development of peasant uprisings. The actions of the uprising heroes are from small to large, from individual resistance to collective action, from unorganized to organized, and finally merged into a mighty uprising army. The author fully affirmed and enthusiastically eulogized the heroes of the uprising, especially some heroes from the lower classes, such as likui jy, Sanruan, Wu Song, Shi Xiu, etc., who suffered the most from exploitation and oppression and had the strongest resistance, and went through fire and water for a just cause. These traitors of the imperial court, the so-called "unforgivable" sinners, are all respectable and lovely, shining and moving. The dark forces of the feudal class were fully exposed, from Zheng Tu and Ximen Qing at the grass-roots level to Liang Zhongshu and Gao Lian at the upper level, as well as their patrons Cai Jing and Gao Qiu, and they were written in an ugly way, in sharp contrast with Liangshan heroes. The structure of this book is strict, with officials forcing the people to revolt and defending heaven as the main line. Every story, such as Lin Chong going up the mountain, Wu Song killing the tiger, and outwitting the birth outline, is relatively independent. Language is based on spoken language, which is bright, concise, accurate and vivid. The narrative is vivid and vivid. Generally speaking, the artistic level of the book is unbalanced, and the second half is not as good as the first half.
Wu Cheng'en (about 15- 1582) was born in Shanyang County, Huai 'an (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu).
The Journey to the West, a famous novelist in Ming Dynasty, is one of the four famous novels in ancient China.
Wu Cheng'en was born in a family that was reduced from a junior official to a small businessman. His father, Wu Rui, was optimistic and broad-minded, and pursued the philosophy of happiness. He was named Cheng En, and the word Ru Zhong, which meant that he could study as an official, inherit from the emperor and benefit the people, and be a loyal minister in history.
when Wu Cheng'en was a child, he was diligent and studious, with a quick glance and ten lines. When he was a teenager, he was already famous in his hometown. Apart from being eager to learn, he especially liked to search for strange things and read books such as immortals, ghosts, foxes and monkeys. For example, unofficial history, a novel such as The Record of 1 Strange Tales and Youyang Miscellaneous Stories, has developed a hobby of hunting strange things in this colorful mythical world, which has a great influence on his creation of The Journey to the West.
Wu Cheng'en, who entered his youth, is a wild and unrestrained young man who despises the world. The low social status, poverty and hardship made this great genius wild and uninhibited, which attracted a flood of laughter. Gone are the days when he was praised by others.
When Wu Cheng'en was about 2 years old, she married a girl named Ye in her hometown, and after the marriage, she was very affectionate. Although Wu Cheng'en is wild and uninhibited, he is virtuous and loyal to his wife.
In the ten years of Jiajing, Wu Cheng'en got excellent results in the annual examination and scientific examination of the government school, obtained the qualification of a student in the imperial examination, and went to Nanjing with friends to take the provincial examination. However, his talent was not as good as his companion's, and he, a village-renowned wit, fell into Sun Shan.
The following spring, his father passed away with regret. Accepting the lesson of his first failure, Wu Cheng'en worked hard at the essay in the next three years, but he still failed in the exam in the autumn of the thirteenth year of Jiajing. Wu Cheng'en was so ashamed and resentful that he fell ill this winter.
The defeat of two provincial examinations, coupled with the death of his father, is a heavy blow to Wu Cheng'en. In his view, failing to get a juror in the exam is not only unreasonable, but also shameful to parents and ancestors. However, he didn't think that he didn't have the ability to pass the exam, but he just had bad luck. He thought that "fame and wealth have their own lives, and it is foolish to have to get it?"
The pressure brought to Wu Cheng'en by the hardship of life is not less than the failure of scientific research. After his father died, he needed to manage all the expenses of his family, but he didn't have the ability to support the door, let alone the means to support his family. The source of family life, in addition to getting back six buckets of rice from the university every month, can only eat the inheritance left by my father.
Wu Cheng'en, who tasted the ups and downs of social life, began to think about the problems of social life more clearly and deeply, and used his own poems to fight against the unreasonable society.
Wu Cheng'en, who was poor all his life, tried his best to complete the famous The Journey to the West at home and abroad, and passed away in about ten years of Wanli with mixed feelings of sadness and joy.
Although he never made it, he and his The Journey to the West have achieved a glorious and lofty position in the history of China studies, which will shine forever.