Joyce's criticism, or Qiao Xue, has become a science, even an industry. In the history of western literary criticism, it can be equated with Shakespeare's criticism, that is, Shakespeare's research. It is of great significance to understand Qiao Xue's research on Joyce. Qiao Xue can learn from the general criticism: previous criticism and new criticism. Generally speaking, the four aspects are relatively independent and overlap with each other to some extent. General criticism focuses on the whole of a writer's works, which generally includes interpretable, critical and critical writing. < Ulysses >: Criticism has gone through a tortuous course from bad comments to good comments, from being at a loss to in-depth study; & lt The criticism of A Night of Awakening focuses on reading or criticism, which is different from the criticism in Qiao Xue, which together constitute a double gem.
Joyce's finnegan wake has no Chinese translation, and his translator has collapsed or even perished before completing his historical mission. He is really a tormenting character: torturing translators from generation to generation, torturing "Joe fans" one after another, and even torturing groups of "fake Joe fans". I don't know what is written in finnigan's Wake. I have no ability and courage to translate Joyce's works, let alone translate them.
These two nights, I often dream of the wake. Although I didn't sit down alone all the time, at midnight, I was inseparable, and I was only accompanied by my unexposed ice coffin. I don't have to approach her with my hands and eyes. I can see her figure beside her, so far and so close. The miracle of wrinkles disappears, which is a stream of consciousness. If you think it's gone, it's gone Empty darkness, cold room, no sound, but there are voices everywhere, ethereal, low whispers, it seems that there are thousands of voices crying. Why did they come? I have no time to think in front of the dead.
Wherever she goes, she never seems to disappear. The only difference is that she used to stand, but now she is lying, hiding in the cold ice coffin with her eyes closed. I often wonder, when the ice coffin can no longer be refrigerated, can the person lying inside stand up again? We all know nothing about the plot in Finnegan Wake, so can I imagine him standing up from it on that day and those days? Tang Xianzu said that life can be dead, and death can also be born. This is all a dream. Finnigan's soul can't fly out of God's mind.
I often think, people are alive, what is living? What form represents that he still exists in this world. Is it consciousness or body? When he leaves, people will say, he left, he sailed the crane west, or he went to see God. People cry when they leave. They lose consciousness. You call him and he doesn't respond. You call him and he doesn't work. When he finally stepped into the burning flame, people were still crying and lamenting. You can't see him at this time. When did he leave us? His body is there. Does he still exist? Or did he leave when he lost consciousness?
When Joyce wrote about the body of Father James in the mourning hall in Sisters, I always felt that he was not as far away as people thought. He holds the golden holy grail in his hand-it's just a form-he closes his eyes, dresses in a holy and neat way, and has a solemn expression, just like the image of his priest. They spoke in front of his soul, but he could hear in a trance-although Joyce didn't think so-there was not much difference between life and death, because the priest didn't need to be cremated after his death, and James could lie there all the time, even though he was unconscious.
There are countless dreams in finnigan's Wake, and I believe they must have come back to life-or never died at all.
Finnigan's wake started in Riverrun-
Riverrun, after Eve and Adam, from the corner of the coast to the corner of the bay, takes us back to Hoth Castle and its surroundings through the recycled Commodius Vickers.
(The long river flows silently forward, through the church of Eve and Adam, from the winding river bank, through the big bend bay and along the spacious avenue, taking us back to Hosburg and the suburbs. )
Interestingly, Finnegan's wake actually ends with the definite article The: "The way a lonely person loves a long-term person". This ending is connected with the beginning of the novel "Running River, Pastier and Adam", which constitutes the cycle of the novel and is used to express endless cycles. 192 1 In July, Joyce wrote to her friend Harriet Weaver that the last chapter of Ulysses "has no beginning, middle and end", which became the first book of finnigan's wake. Joyce pointed out that Ulysses is a "book by day" and finnigan's "Wake" is a "book by night", which means it is even more unclear. He adopted the unique "dream language" in the world language history, and created a world different from reality through language.
Joyce even created nine words 100 and 1 a 10 1 in finnegan wake. The most famous is Babadar &; Shy; Gallagher & shy; Takamine & shy; Aaron & shy; Konn & shy; Bronn company. Shy; Tony & shy; Ai Long & shy; Thun & shy; Thun & shy; Trovarrhoun & shy; Oscan & shy; Too hoo Hu Dening & shy; Thurnuk, Joyce spelled out the word "lightning strike" with 100 letters, which simulated continuous thunder and consisted of the word "thunder" in more than ten different languages (including Japanese and Hindustan). Every kind of thunder has its own background. The whole book is like a maze of words. Joyce created many new words in her novels to achieve visual and auditory effects. For example, mushymushy and stuffstuff are used to simulate the sound of making love, and peek, peepette, trickle and triss are used to simulate the sound of urinating. These words are often mixed with more than 60 languages and dialects such as French, German, Italian, ancient Greek and Roman. Sometimes half of a word is French. He also disrupted the spelling rules, rearranged the word order and syntax, and formed various puns. In the first and third chapters, the word "global" is inserted with eight lines of comments (pages 54-55) between gl- and -obal, which is not found in any authoritative dictionary in the world. The number of such words is about 30 thousand words, and less than half of the words have been deciphered so far, even the words that claim to be deciphered. Some words in the book were even misspelled, because the typist couldn't read the scribbled handwriting and didn't know the so-called manuscript, but Joyce didn't correct it when proofreading (as if the author had intended it). Another feature of finnigan's Wake is that it often digresses, and the story is mixed with irrelevant stories and even interspersed with advertisements. The plot of the book tends to be chaotic and there is no coherent and complete plot. After the book was published, few people appreciated it more than Ulysses. At that time, at the height of World War II, few people could spend much time reading it. Some critics think that finnigan's The Wake is difficult to read, which is the peak of the stream of consciousness and a sign of its decline.
Ragan, a French psychologist, gave up after reading 15 pages. Joyce himself said, "This book will keep critics busy for at least 300 years." Joyce expert Tingdahl spent nearly 30 years to complete the Guide to the Resurrection of finnigan. American writer Wilder loves to read Finnegan Wake, but he warns young friends never to watch it again, because it is a waste of time. British critics interpret Ulysses and finnegan wake as "the author tries to write it as a world history, a book in which everyone participates;" The author tries to establish a modern metalanguage, an esperanto for the art of fiction. " (James Joyce by Malcolm bradbury, Foreign Literature and Art No.2, 1999. )
"Qiao Xue" experts generally believe that Joyce's rich and colorful books are only the expression of personal talent. He started with it and had to end with it. This road is doomed to be impassable. From 65438 to 0945, the writer Xiao Gan wrote in Zurich: "There lies a traitor in world literature. He used his talent and knowledge to explore the extreme peak, which can be said to be a waste of talent and went to a dead end. What it is, it is difficult to judge this century. "
1993 Booker Prize winner Roddy Doyle lashed out at Joyce at the memorial seminar in new york: "I only read three pages of Finnegan Wake, and I feel sorry for wasting my time."
1On April 25th, 955, finnigan's Wake was adapted by Millie Manny into The Sound of Flash, which was performed at the Poets Theatre in Cambridge, USA. The word "quark" in physics comes from the long poem Finnegan Wake: "Call quark to Big Mike three times." (Three quarks are the rendezvous point! )
The Book of Freedom: An Interpretation of finnigan's Wake by China native Dai Congrong has been published.