Charlotte Bronte's masterpiece Jane Eyre
British charlotte browntie
Charlotte Brontexq: Jane Eyre
Bronte, C. (1816 ~ 1855), a British female novelist. Sister of emily bronte. Born in an isolated village in Yorkshire, northern England. Father is a poor priest. She was sent to a boarding school with poor living conditions and strict religious rules with several other sisters. Charlotte worked as a teacher and tutor, and also went to Brussels, Belgium to study French and classical literature with her sister Emily in 1842.
Charlotte's works mainly describe the loneliness, resistance and struggle of poor petty bourgeoisie, and belong to the "excellent school" headed by Dickens, which Marx called. Jane Eyre is her first novel and masterpiece, and it is still welcomed by readers.
Every adult has a childhood, and every child once had a seven-color dream. Dreams are illusions: illusory, ethereal and easily lost. However, there are only a few girls who cling to their dreams. They cling to the weaving of dreams, and finally turn their fantasies into reality and gain the eternal value of life. This is a cultural phenomenon provided by the three Bronte sisters writers who appeared in the British literary world in the 19th century.
1. Suffering and Loneliness
In the wasteland of Haworth, Yorkshire, northern England, a priest's house made of gray stones stands alone. In the midsummer of 1821, the hostess of the priest's house was unable to get to bed because she was in the late stage of tuberculosis. Her six young children cleverly gathered in their "small bookstore" to read or talk in a low voice, while the seven-year-old sister gently conveyed the news from the newspaper to her sisters ... < P > This is a group of gifted and sensible children. The painful shadow of her mother's serious illness made them quiet and consciously replaced it with the mutual care and attachment between brothers and sisters. Outside the priest's house is an open, empty moor, where friends often walk arm in arm. Everyone takes care of each other, and the older ones know to take care of their little sister who is still faltering.
When my mother died, Maria, the oldest of the six children, was only eight years old, followed by Elizabeth at six, Charlotte at five, Branwell at four, Emily at three and Anne at one year and eight months. The disease didn't stop there. Only three years later, Maria and Elizabeth were killed by the same disease one after another. For this family, fate is cruel, but as far as the survivors are concerned, life can be created by themselves. Lonely environment and bleak family circumstances not only failed to destroy the will of the remaining children, but also reminded them of the blooming of wisdom and the precocity of thought and character. Four children who live together and are similar in age have firmly embarked on a new course of life with their unique way of life.
There is no school near the pastor's residence, and the children's only basic knowledge is mainly taught by their father and menstruation. The lonely mountain villa is almost isolated from the world. The children have no outside friends and no foreign communication and entertainment. Stone houses and wilderness are their only activities. From the cultural point of view, the space occupied by cultural isomorphism should at least take villages, tribes, or ethnic groups as units, but this group of children created a specific cultural space by themselves, and became a "local isomorphism" in a closed and almost primitive natural environment in the form of "family members". There are two newspapers in their home all the year round. In their early years, they published two books of poetry and a progressive essay. Their father and mother, who are still arrogant as "writers", have a lot of books. Children with strong thirst for knowledge greedily draw nutrition from newspapers and books and learn about the outside world, which makes them have an indissoluble bond with books and newspapers-books and newspapers expand their horizons, open their wisdom, and books and newspapers sprout their imagination. From this point of view, the terms "a culture" and "a certain culture" seem to be used to mean both a unique aggregation of cultural characteristics and cultural aggregation, and also a cultural aggregation of a group of cultural characteristics found in a particular society. The specific family combination and cultural assembly shown by the Bo sisters paved a clear way for them to go to literature and climb the literary world in the future, while loneliness and suffering became the internal motivation for them to talk and vent later.
Second, childlike interest and genius
One night in p>1826, the priest who came back from a trip brought back a set of twelve puppets for the children. The next morning, when his only son, Branwell, appeared at the door of his sisters' house with a wooden soldier, the surprised sisters jumped out of the bed and each grabbed a soldier and named it immediately. Charlotte's villain is the most beautiful, and she calls it the Duke of Wellington. One of Emily's little people looks serious, and they call it "serious Han"; Anne's eccentric appearance and small size naturally made her a "waiter"; Branwell also picked one for himself and called him Bonaparte. Furthermore, they galloped their imagination, turned twelve puppets into twelve living warriors, and began their imaginative intellectual games. On the basis of fantasy stories, they wrote a play-the children's first novel-Young People (1826), when these young writers were only four children aged six to ten. In this year, ten-year-old Charlotte also wrote a short story "Once upon a time, there was a little girl whose name was Anne" (1828). In the game, children often appear as their own ideal figures to perform and argue with each other. Their thinking, imagination, language, logical argument and other abilities are rapidly improved in entertainment and writing activities, and their desire and interest in creation are becoming stronger and stronger. They become smart, and everything around them-the stories of characters in books and newspapers, the verbal actions of family members, the outdoor desert wilderness, tenacious heather, splashing waterfalls and roaring storms can arouse their inspiration and inspire their creative feelings. Accordingly, they are engaged in tireless writing with their immature handwriting, and one new work after another is born in the hands of children. Such as the script Our Partner (1827) inspired by Aesop's Fables; I can't sleep at night, and several people talk nonsense about occupying an island, which leads to the name of the island, assuming the leader of the island, and making up many stories that happened on the island, which not only leads to the script Islander (1827), but also constructs two huge kingdom systems, namely "Angeria Kingdom Story System" edited by Charlotte and Branwell, and "Gondal Kingdom Story System" edited by Emily and Anne. This continuous conception and creation almost ran through their short life. Although they left home to study or work as tutors several times later, their respective creations never stopped, and their creative themes and styles continued to expand. There are more than 1 manuscripts preserved, including plays, fables, poems, novels, diaries and other genres. Among them, Charlotte created the most. There is a list of all Charlotte's works from 1829 to 183, with 22 volumes of contents, dates and titles, when she was only thirteen years old. Young writers are full of interest and confidence in their own creation. In order to get some recognition or psychological satisfaction, they jointly set up a "small magazine" to record and comment on their activities and works, and at the same time, with illustrations, the children's painting talent can also be revealed. Small magazines used to be published once a month. Of course, their authors, "printers" and readers were limited to four small partners. Although the children's initial creation is still immature, it is this strong interest in creation and the spirit of being diligent in practice that laid a solid foundation for the sisters' future success.
Although the lonely priest's house is narrow and almost isolated from the world, the spiritual life of the family members is extremely colorful. Several intelligent children who love each other, are willing to imagine and are diligent in writing have turned a remote and desolate place into a cradle for cultivating talents with their own efforts. Robert F. Murphy, a famous American anthropologist and educator, said: "Anthropology closely combines romanticism with the enlightenment spirit, which leads to the historical and bizarre merits from romanticism, while the enlightenment spirit is committed to finding order and internal rationality in colorful human expressions." [1](P17) In this sense, although the Bronte sisters are in a remote place, the geographical barrier has not caused them to lose the fresh thoughts and unique romantic spirit that human beings should have. On the contrary, they have promoted their own enlightenment with romantic imagination, and enriched their romantic imagination with the development of enlightenment. Romance and enlightenment accompanied the Brandt sisters through their unforgettable childhood.
III. Ideals and Success
With the growth of age and the pressure of finding a way out of life, first of all, Charlotte and Branwell began to take the initiative to attack the society, trying to open the road of publishing and writing. From 1835 to 1839, they wrote letters and sent works to the editors of the famous ebony magazine in Britain at that time, as well as famous poets Southey, Coleridge and Wordsworth, all of which were met with different degrees of "cold reception". Among them, in her reply to Charlotte, Southey also earnestly advised: "Literature cannot and should not be a lifelong career for women. The more women devote themselves to her due duties, the less leisure they have to engage in literary activities, even if it is just a pastime." [2](P4) Despite repeated setbacks and not being appreciated and recognized by those literary elites, the Charlotte sisters are not discouraged. They are still obsessed with their ideal creation, and their feelings are on paper and inkstone, and their dreams revolve around the pen. Unfortunately, under the double blow of frustrated ideals and frustrated love, Branwell drank himself to self-harm, and it was chilling to sink down.
in may p>1846, the poetry of the three sisters was published, but the response was mediocre, and two more books were sold in the following year. Although the publication of poems failed to achieve the expected results of the sisters, their respective novel creation and publication plans were quietly and nervously carried out. The following year, three novels were released and accepted by two publishing companies respectively. At the end of 1847, the novels Jane Eyre by Kohler Bell (Charlotte Brontexq), Wuthering Heights by Ellis Bell (emily bronte) and Agnes Gray by acton Bell (anne bronte) were published almost at the same time, which caused great sensation in the British reading circle and enthusiastic attention from the critics, and people were resented by the works. In the second year after the publication of the three novels, when the influence and status of the works were still high, the true identities of the three Bronte sisters were forced to be exposed because of disputes between publishers-an ordinary priest family suddenly appeared three writers, all of whom were women. This almost mythical news undoubtedly added endless mystery and sacred glow to both the works and the authors.
For more than 1 years, people have been amazed by the appearance of the three Bronte sisters, which has been passed down as a much-told story. However, when we praise the "genius", we can't help but think about it: it is also rare for a miserable family to jointly produce three outstanding female writers and read Chinese and foreign literature and history. From the course of life, the three Bronte sisters were born in misery, lonely and struggling, but the Boswell family is a spiritual home full of poetry and imagination. Suffering, loneliness, isolation, death, failure and pain have not defeated their will and annihilated their pursuit. On the contrary, living in adversity has inspired them to make unremitting efforts for their ideals. Unreachable ideals belong to dreams, and turning dreams into reality is a success. The three Bronte sisters, with their delicate bodies and years of hard work, overcame hardships, broke through isolation, and were not afraid of cold reception and failure. They lived poetically on the "land" and worked hard to cultivate the garden of art and weave the ideal blue sky. This is not a fictional "myth", but a real life, as Marx said: "It is only because of people. If you have ears with a sense of music, you can feel eyes with a sense of beauty in form. In short, those feelings that can become people's enjoyment, that is, the feeling of confirming that you are the essential strength of people, are only partially developed and partially produced. "The Bronte sisters confirmed this judgment of philosophers with their genius efforts.