1. The first couplet writes about the environment of "sleeping alone". It exaggerates the desolate and cold atmosphere through the delineation of scenery such as "Qingqiu", "Jingwu" and "Candle". The chin couplet writes about what he saw and heard while "sleeping alone". The sound of horns sounded sadly in the long night, and the moonlight was infinitely beautiful, but there was no one to appreciate it, so he stayed alone and couldn't sleep, expressing the poet's depressed mood. 2. The neck couplet and the tail couplet directly express the poet's worries about state affairs and concern for his relatives in his hometown when he was "sleeping alone", and express his unwillingness to feel homeless and depressed temporarily in the shogunate.