Chen Baisha: Chen Baisha, a great scholar of the generation, whose real name was Chen Xianzhang (1428-1500), also known as Gongfu, Shizhai, and Biyu Old Man. Because he was a native of Baisha Township, Xinhui, he was called Mr. Baisha in his later life. Baisha is today's Xinhui District, Jiangmen City. Chen Baisha was a famous thinker, educator, calligrapher, and poet in the Ming Dynasty. He was known as "a great Confucian of his generation" and "a person from Lingnan". According to Ming history, he was tall and tall, with a very intelligent appearance, eyes like stars, and seven moles on the right side of his face that looked like the Big Dipper constellation. He has been enlightened since he was a child, has a photographic memory, and has great integrity. He wants to be the first class of people in the world, what Mencius calls "a citizen of heaven." When he was 19 years old, he took the provincial and rural examinations, and when he was 20 years old, he took the national college entrance examination and was ranked first, so he was able to go to the capital to study in the Imperial College. He studied under the famous teacher Wu Yubi and made great progress in his knowledge.
After this period of study life in the Imperial College, Chen Baisha was influenced by his teachers and friends and became more and more interested in learning. After returning to his hometown, he built a sun terrace in his home without asking for help. He often sat there quietly, thinking deeply, and became more knowledgeable.
In the 18th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1482), Peng Shao, the chief envoy of Guangdong, recommended him, and Xianzong approved it, but he excused his mother's long illness. Zhu Ying, the censor of the governor Youdu, said to him, if you don't go, I will be guilty of bullying you. Chen Baisha had no choice but to go to Beijing. Soon, I went to the emperor to ask permission to support my mother until her death. Xianzong approved it and granted him the post of review of the Hanlin Academy. He said in the poem: "Wealth and honor are not my wish, and an imperial hometown cannot be expected." The life he lived was just as he said: "I bought both a hoe and a book, half a farmer and half a Confucian."
He devoted his life to reading and lecturing. In his lectures, he vigorously promoted his ideas: Politically, he advocated "lower taxes, reduced corvee, and less punishment" to reduce the burden on farmers. In Neo-Confucianism, he advocated the first step of "consciousness", the second step of "knowing doubts" and the third step of "sitting quietly". He said: "Learning is not difficult or easy, it depends on people's self-consciousness. Only when you realize that you are retreating, you are making progress." He also said: "Senior students learn to know doubts. Small doubts lead to small progress, big doubts lead to great progress. Those who doubt will realize it." A chance. A moment of enlightenment, a moment of progress." In addition, he advocated "taking nature as the basis" and "mainly meditation", and required students to sit quietly to clarify their random thoughts.
He was a famous scholar and Neo-Confucianist at that time. His theory was widely accepted and approved by students. Chen Baisha became an important figure in the history of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties who inherited the past and changed the trend. Neo-Confucianism, represented by views such as "nature is the sect, self-forgetfulness is the greatest, and non-desire is the main thing" and "the heart is reason", founded the "Lingnan School" in the field of philosophy, also known as the "Jiangmen School".
Chen Baisha is versatile, good at poetry, calligraphy, and plum painting. When he was living in the mountains, the supply of pens was inconvenient, so he bundled thatch to make pens, and then started another family, named Mao Bizi. His calligraphy and paintings are recognized as fine works with high artistic value and have always been cherished by people of his time. He has written more than 2,000 poems, and his poems have a very high style. Zhang Yi commented on his poems that they are "specialized and of a divine quality, something that the ancients could not achieve."
From his poems, it is not difficult to see that he is a very affectionate person, such as the memory poem written to his proud disciple Li Chengji: "I met you and smiled once last year; I haven't smiled for many years; there is no one in the mountains who laughs, it's not true love." It can be imagined that between their master and disciple, "there is a true respect for each other and there is no disobedience", so Li Chengji once traveled from Jiayu, Hubei to Xinhui, crossing the river. Floating on the sea, there are thousands of water and land, and I went to explore the white sand four times. What a feeling of admiration!
In the thirteenth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Chen Baisha died of illness in his hometown and was given the posthumous title of "Wen Gong". In the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court ordered the construction of a family temple in Baisha Township, namely the Chenbaisha Temple in Jiangmen. To this day, there are many relics of Chen Baisha left in Jiangmen, such as Diaoyutai, Biyu Tower, Baisha Tomb, etc. They were once destroyed in the past but have been restored for tourists to visit.
In ancient times, studying was the key to becoming an official, and "those who excel in learning will become officials." However, Baisha was willing to be lonely, thought hard and taught, and eventually became a master. He not only created his own school of thought, but also influenced a generation of disciples, which is truly admirable. The restoration of many Chen Baisha ruins in Jiangmen also reflects the admiration and memory of him by future generations.
Liang Qichao: Liang Qichao (1873~1929), a modern thinker and one of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898. The courtesy name is Zhuoru, the nickname is Ren Gong, and the other name is the owner of the ice-drinking room. A native of Xinhui, Guangdong. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since he was a child, and passed the national examination in 1889. In 1890, he went to Beijing to take the examination and failed. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed through Shanghai and saw "Yinghuan Zhilue" which introduced world geography and Western books translated by the Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which opened my eyes. In the same year, he met Kang Youwei and became his disciple. In 1891, he studied at Wanmu Thatched Cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and doctrines, and embarked on the path of reform and reform. He was collectively known as "Kang Liang" at that time. In the spring of 1895, he went to Beijing again for the examination, and assisted Kang Youwei in initiating a "public petition" for candidates taking the examination in Beijing. During the reform movement, Liang Qichao was active. He once took charge of the editorial affairs of Beijing's "Global Gazette" (later renamed "China and Foreign Journal") and Shanghai's "Shiwu Bao", and went to Macau to organize the "Knowledge News". Many of his political comments had a great influence on society. In 1897, he served as the chief teacher of Changsha Current Affairs School and promoted reform ideas in Hunan. He returned to Beijing in 1898 and actively participated in the "Hundred Days Reform". In July, he was summoned by Emperor Guangxu and ordered to submit his "General Discussion on Reform", and was awarded the rank of Sixth Grade. He was responsible for handling the affairs of the Translation and Bookstore of the Capital University Hall. In September, the coup occurred, and Liang Qichao fled to Japan, where he once had contact with the revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen.
During his stay in Japan, he successively founded "Qing Yi Bao" and "Xin Min Cong Bao" to advocate reform and oppose revolution. At the same time, he also introduced a large number of Western social and political theories, which had a great influence on the intellectuals at that time. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he tried to make the revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai and accepted Yuan's wishes. He merged the Democratic Party with the Communist Party and the United Party, reorganized the Progressive Party, and competed with the Kuomintang for political power. In 1913, the Progressive Party's "Talent Cabinet" was established, and Liang Qichao served as the Chief Justice. Yuan Shikai's ambition to become emperor was increasingly exposed. Liang Qichao opposed Yuan's claim to be emperor, and planned with Cai E to rebel against Yuan by force. At the end of 1915, the War to Protect the Country broke out in Yunnan. In 1916, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi, actively participated in the anti-Yuan struggle, and made important contributions to the rise and development of the national defense movement. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao served as the Chief of Finance and Supervisor of the General Administration of Salt Affairs of the Beiyang Government controlled by Duan Qirui. In September, Sun Yat-sen launched a war to protect the Dharma. In November, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also resigned and retired from politics. At the end of 1918, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned personally about many problems and shortcomings of Western society. After returning to China, he preached that Western civilization was bankrupt, advocated the promotion of traditional culture, and used the "inherent civilization" of the East to "save the world." Liang Qichao is also a famous scholar. He has a wide range of interests and is knowledgeable. He has profound attainments in many fields such as literature, history, philosophy, and Buddhism. From 1901 to 1902, he wrote "Narrative of Chinese History" and "New Historiography" successively, criticizing feudal historiography and launching a "historical revolution". After returning from his trip to Europe, he focused his energy on cultural education and academic research activities, and wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "History of Pre-Qin Political Thought", "Methods for Researching Chinese History", "History of Chinese Culture" " and other works of high academic value. He wrote extensively throughout his life and left behind a collection of "The Ice Drinking Room" with a total of 148 volumes and more than 10 million words. In academic research, he has covered a wide range of subjects, including Chinese and Western studies, including ancient and modern times. He has made achievements in the fields of philosophy, literature, history, classics, law, ethics, religion, etc., and is most famous for his historical research achievements. He wrote many works in his life, totaling more than ten million words, and has many collections of works, among which "The Collection of Drinking Ice Room" is relatively complete.
He returned to China in 1912 and traveled to Europe from 1918 to 1920. After returning to China, he spared no effort in lecturing and writing. His research focused on pre-Qin scholars, Qing Dynasty scholarship, history and Buddhism. He started teaching part-time at Tsinghua School in 1922. In 1925, he was appointed as a tutor at the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. His scope of guidance included "Philosophers", "History of Chinese Buddhism", "Academic History of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties", "Academic History of the Qing Dynasty", "Chinese Literature", "History of Chinese Philosophy", "History of China", "Historical Research Methods", "Confucian Philosophy", "History of East-West Exchange", etc. During this period, he wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Mozi's Cases", "Research Methods of Chinese History", "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "The Love Sage Du Fu", "Research on Qu Yuan", "Pre-Qin Political Thought" "History", "History of Chinese Culture", etc. His main works are included in "Collected Works of Drinking Ice Room". In 1927, he left Tsinghua Research Institute. Died of illness in 1929. Liang Qichao introduced Western culture and new literary concepts in literary theory, and initiated the innovation of various literary styles in modern times. There are also many achievements in literary creation: prose, poetry, novels, operas and translated literature are all published in the world, and prose has the greatest influence.
Liang Qichao*** has 9 children: Sishun, Sicheng, Siyong, Sizhong, Sizhuang, Sida, Siyi, Sining, and Sili. Among them, Sishun, Sicheng, Sizhuang was born to Mrs. Li, and Siyong, Sizhong, Sida, Siyi, Sining and Sili were born to Mrs. Wang. Many of them later became outstanding talents.
Liang Sishun (Ling Xian) (1893~1966), the eldest daughter, once lived in Japan and worked as her father's Japanese translator. She died of illness in 1966.
Liang Sicheng (1901~1972), the eldest son, a famous architect, was elected as the first academician (humanities group) of Academia Sinica in March 1948; his wife is Lin Huiyin.
Liang Siyong (1904-1954), the second son, was a famous archaeologist. In March 1948, he was elected as the first academician (humanities group) of Academia Sinica.
Liang Sizhong (1907-1932), the third son, served as the artillery school officer of the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang. He died early due to illness.
Liang Sizhuang (1908-1986), the second daughter, was a famous librarian.
Liang Sida (1912-), the fourth son, has been engaged in economic research for a long time.
Liang Siyi (1914-1988), the third daughter, was engaged in social activities.
Liang Sining (1916-2001), the fourth daughter, defected to the New Fourth Army to participate in the Chinese revolution. Now retired, living in Jinan, Shandong.
Liang Sili (1924-), fifth son, is a famous rocket control system expert. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993.
Feng Ru: China’s first aerospace person, formerly known as Feng Jiuru. Born on January 12, 1884 in a poor peasant family in Enping County, Guangdong Province. He only studied for a few years in his childhood and then dropped out of school to herd cattle. He loved making toys such as kites, cars and boats since he was a child. I am full of yearning for mythological stories, especially flying stories.
In 1895, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1895-1895, Feng Ru, who was only 12 years old, bid farewell to his parents in tears and traveled across the ocean with his relatives to make a living in San Francisco, the United States.
After arriving in San Francisco, through learning English and scientific and technological knowledge and witnessing the rapidly changing advanced machines, he realized that a country's prosperity must depend on machines, so he studied harder and specialized in machine manufacturing.
While Feng Ru was studying in New York, two major events occurred that shocked the world and Feng Ru. In 1903, the Wright brothers of the United States successfully flew the first powered manned aircraft. In 1905, the Russo-Japanese War broke out, fighting in the three eastern provinces of our country, and our compatriots were ravaged. These two incidents not only further stimulated Feng Ru's patriotic enthusiasm, but also made him more clear about the direction of his struggle. In 1906, Feng Ru swore: "It (referring to manufacturing machines) is not enough to save the country. I heard that the sharp weapons used by the military are inferior to those of planes. I swear that I will advocate it and develop a unique skill to return to the motherland. If you fail to succeed, you would rather die." He also said: "For China to be strong, it must use all aircraft in the air, just like all waterways use ships." Feng Ru was not only the first Chinese to propose the idea of ??aviation to save the country and devoted his life to it, but also the earliest military aviation pioneer in modern my country. thinker.
In 1906, after studying machine manufacturing in New York, Feng Ru returned to San Francisco and began to recruit apprentices to make machines. He also began to collect information on designing, manufacturing and flying aircraft.
After 10 years of diligent study and work practice, Feng Ru finally became an expert proficient in mechanical and electrical technology. He successively developed advanced electromechanical equipment such as water pumps, pile drivers, generators, wired telephones, and wireless telegraph machines, and was quite famous in the local area. "The San Francisco Voice" called him: "a very famous mechanic and inventor" and the "San Francisco Examiner" even praised Feng Ru as "Oakland's genius inventor". At that time, a wealthy overseas Chinese business group invited him to preside over a plan to develop the motherland's electric power industry, but he believed that the establishment of an aircraft manufacturing industry was more urgent and important. Therefore, he politely declined the invitation, and in May 1908, he raised funds to establish the "Guangdong Manufacturing Machinery Factory" at 359 East Ninth Street, Oakland, with the goal of manufacturing aircraft. At that time, only three people, Huang Qi, Zhang Nan and Tan Yaoneng, participated in the company. They spent all their money, including discounts on tools and materials, but the amount was only more than 1,000 yuan. Although there are few people and few resources, they are developing aircraft in a factory of nearly 7.5 square meters, which reflects the spirit of the Chinese nation to work hard to develop the aviation industry.
After years of hard work, Feng Ru finally completed the first aircraft designed and manufactured by the Chinese in September 1909, less than 6 years after the launch of the world's first aircraft. Thus squeezing into the forest of early world aviation.
Chen Shaobai: Chen Shaobai (1869~1934) was named Bai, his childhood name was Wenshao, his nickname was Kuishi, and he was a native of Jiangmen Waihai. In 1888, he entered Gezhi Academy in Guangzhou and met Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong the following year. In January 1890, he was recommended by Sun Yat-sen to the Hong Kong College of Western Medicine. Often with Sun Yat-sen and You Lie. Yang Heling talked about fighting against the Qing Dynasty together and was called the "Four Bandits". In 1895, together with Sun Yat-sen, Yang Quyun and others, he established the headquarters of the Xingzhong Society in Hong Kong and planned the Guangzhou Uprising. After the uprising failed, he fled to Japan. In 1897, he went to Taiwan and established a branch of the Xingzhong Society. In 1899, he returned to Hong Kong and founded (China Daily), served as president and editor-in-chief, and organized the publication of (China Xunbao), actively promoted the revolution, and debated with the royalist (Business Daily). In 1900, he contacted Bi Yongnian, Pingshan Zhou and other leaders of the Ge Lao Association in the Yangtze River Basin and the Triad Association in Guangdong and other places to establish the Xinghan Association in Hong Kong and elected Sun Yat-sen as the president. In October, the Sanzhoutian Uprising broke out in Huizhou and was responsible for relief work in Hong Kong. . In 1905, the Hong Kong Tongmenghui branch was established and he served as president. The following year, he resigned as president of (China Daily) and engaged in business. After the liberation of Guangzhou in 1911, he served as director of the Foreign Affairs Department of the Guangdong Governor's Office. He later resigned and organized Guangdong Airlines Company as general manager. In 1915, he and Li Yutang established Shanghai Insurance Company and served as chairman. In 1921, he served as an advisor to Sun Yat-sen's Presidential Office and assisted Sun Yat-sen in supervising the Northern Expedition. After 1922, he devoted himself to the construction of his hometown. He died in Peiping (today's Beijing) in 1934. He wrote "The Essentials of the Revolutionary History of the Xingzhonghui" and "The Revolutionary History of the Xingzhonghui".