Quatrain
Du Fu [Tang Dynasty]
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
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This poem "Jueju" was written when the poet lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and described the beautiful spring scenery around the Caotang.
Poetry cuts in with vibrant natural beauty, creating a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In the first two sentences, the poet described this beautiful scene in an implicit way from different angles. Cui is new green, which is the color when everything recovers and germinates in early spring. "Two" and "one" are relative; Horizontal and vertical, it opens a very beautiful natural landscape. In this poem, the word "Ming" is the most vivid, and the oriole is described more vividly by anthropomorphic methods, and a hundred birds are paired, which constitutes a picture full of vitality and festive atmosphere. The oriole sings on the willow, which is the vitality of moistening things quietly. The next sentence is about the anger of nature, which is more obvious. Egrets flying in this fresh sky is not only a comfort of freedom, but also an upward struggle. Furthermore, the first sentence says that the oriole sings on the willow, and the next sentence says that the egrets fly to the sky, which broadens the space a lot. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet's tangible vitality fills the whole environment and shows the prosperity of early spring from another angle.
In the third sentence, "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling", the poet looks out of the window, because the air is fresh and the sun is shining in early spring, so he can see the snow-capped mountains in Xiling. The last two sentences have pointed out that it was early spring, and the autumn snow in winter wanted to melt, giving readers a moist feeling. There is a word "containing" between "window" and "snow" in this sentence, which shows that when the first snow melts, moisture wets the frozen window lattice in winter, which can better write the poet's feelings about the vitality with moisture in early spring. "Xiling" means that when the first snow in front of the window melts, the poet thinks of Xiling near the thatched cottage and the long snow on Xiling Mountain, and replaces the residual snow on the window with the snow on Xiling Mountain, which makes the artistic conception more extensive. In addition, the poet has the ambition to serve the country since he was a teenager. After decades of obstacles, he finally had the opportunity to re-exhibit, and the years of war were put down. This is the same as the poet's thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the Millennium snow on the ridge, thus giving the poet a stubborn sense of melting snow.
The last sentence further described Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When the ship came from "Wu Dong", this sentence means that the war has been decided, the traffic has resumed, and the poet misses his hometown when he sees things. The use of the word "berth" has its profound meaning. Du Fu has been wandering for many years without landing. Although there is still a little hope in his heart, that hope has been greatly reduced. The word "Bo" just describes the poet's complex mood between hope and disappointment. While "Wan Li" implies the difficulty of achieving the goal, which is juxtaposed with "Qian Qiu" in the third sentence and describes the difficulty of achieving the goal in time and space. Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms has been praised by many scholars as the wise master since ancient times. The author refers to Sun Quan as the representative of Dongwu, alluding to Du Fu's hope for the emperor of the dynasty. The combination of "Bo", "Wan Li" and "Dongwu Ship" is precisely to write the word "Nan".
The whole poem seems to be four independent scenes, but the poet's inner feelings make its content consistent, and the fresh and elegant scenery entrusts the poet's inner complex emotions and forms a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. On the surface, it is a vibrant picture, but in the cheerful and bright scene, it entrusts the poet with the loss of time, loneliness and boredom, and also writes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. Beyond that kind of hope, it is more the poet's sadness about disappointment.
2. Appreciation of Simple Thousand Poems
House of Bamboo
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
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This poem describes the leisure life and interest of hermits, the leisure life of the poet sitting alone under the moon and playing the piano. With simple and beautiful words, it conveys the poet's calm and indifferent state of mind, showing the realm of tranquility and appealing to both refined and popular tastes.
The environment in which the poet started his activities was quiet. The word "independence" at the beginning left a prominent impression on readers, and the word "independence" also runs through the whole article. "Dark fire" refers to the depths of bamboo forest. "The Songs of Chu Nine Songs Shan Gui" said: "I can't see the sky anywhere else." As the name implies, the "Bamboo Pavilion" is a house built deep in the bamboo forest, and Wang Wei sits alone in it. His friend Pei Di wrote in the same poem: "No one in the world is the only mountain bird." Only the first sentence of the poem shapes the image of a leisurely solitaire.
The second sentence inherits the poet's carefree, alone, and expresses his feelings by playing the piano and whistling. We know that Wang Wei is a musician, so after passing the Jinshi exam, he became a great success. However, it is obvious that he is sitting alone in the bamboo pavilion playing the piano, not for people to appreciate, but to express his embrace. "Long whistle" refers to chanting poems loudly in a long sound, such as Su Shi's Waiting in the Woods: "Come home in the morning and evening, and the old songs will be long." It is obvious that playing the piano is not enough to express your feelings, and then I sang again. The poem he sang may be this "Bamboo House".
In describing the scenery in the poem, only six words are used to form three words, namely "secluded place", "deep forest" and "bright moon". For the moon that shines on the earth, there is nothing new and ingenious about using the word "Ming" to describe its brightness. It's a common saying. As for the first sentence "Huang" and the third sentence "Lin", they are actually the same thing, both of which repeat the bamboo forest where the poet lives, adding the words "secluded" and "deep" in front of the bamboo forest, but the explanation is neither "three poles and two poles of bamboo" as mentioned in Yu Xin's Xiao Yuan Fu, nor "green hills and bamboos" as mentioned in Liu Zongyuan's poems. Here, it's like writing the scene at will, without any effort to describe and describe it.
Write three or four sentences about your inner world, and no one can understand them. "It's too light for anyone to hear" is the proper meaning of this poem. If he didn't care what people knew and didn't know, he wouldn't have written this poem. Since he wrote this poem, it shows that he still hopes someone can understand him. Unfortunately, he was only accompanied by a bright moon in the sky. Writing "I don't know" at the beginning and "Moonlight" at the end can also be said to echo each other.
When writing about people's activities in poetry, only six words are used to form three words, namely, "sitting alone, playing the piano and whistling". For the characters, they didn't describe how they played Xiao Shu, and they didn't express their emotions. For the piano sound and whistle, I didn't spend any ink to write its timbre and sound. On the surface, the words used in the four poems are unremarkable. But when the four poems are combined together, they have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they contain a special artistic charm. As a masterpiece in Wang Wei's Wang Chuan Bie Ji, its beauty lies in its naturally attractive artistic conception. It does not win with words, but regards beauty as a whole. Its beauty lies in its absence. To appreciate and appreciate its beauty, we should take its appearance as its spirit, and its spirit is contained in the artistic conception. As far as artistic conception is concerned, it not only gives people the feeling of "secluded amorous feelings" ("My Servant Poems"), but also makes people feel that the scenery of the secluded forest on this moonlit night is so ethereal and clear, and the people who play the piano and shout during it are so carefree, dusty and seamless. On the other hand, in language, we can see the flavor from nature, from plain high rhyme. Its natural and simple style beauty and artistic conception beauty complement each other.
It is conceivable that the formation of a poem's artistic conception depends entirely on the consistency between the character's mind and the internal quality of the scenery written, without the help of external hue. Therefore, when I am integrated with things, feelings and scenery, the poet can, as Si Kongtu said in Poetry and Nature, "look down on everything, don't take the neighbors, and go their own way to become spring scenery" and enter the artistic world of "thin words and feelings, leisurely days". Of course, when we say "everywhere" here, we don't mean that poets have no choice but to choose materials easily; When we say "start a spring" here, we don't mean that the poet didn't make arrangements when he was in charge, but he believed it. The poem describes the surrounding scenery, choosing bamboo forests and bright moons, which is consistent with the quiet environment to be expressed; Express your feelings in poetry, one chooses to play the piano and whistle, and then the other expresses it with the tranquility and clarity of mind. This is the immediate matter, and the reason why he wrote this scene and this matter has his own mature poetic thought. Judging from the combination of the whole poem, the poet wrote a piano and whistle while writing a secluded forest on a moonlit night, expressing tranquility with his voice. As for the last sentence of the poem, it not only contrasts with the "people don't know" in the previous sentence, but also plays a role in breaking the dark night. The contrast between these sounds and silence, as well as light and shadow, is ingenious and ingenious in arrangement.
3. Appreciation of Simple Thousand Poems
Send someone away in Yishui.
Luo [Tang Dynasty]
In this place, Jing Ke bid farewell to Yan Taizi Dan, and the strong man was sad and sorrowful.
No one was there at that time, and the water is still cold today.
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This poem describes the author's mood when he bid farewell to his friends in Yishui, and compares today with history. The first two sentences are places where poets bid farewell to their friends by chanting ancient things; The last two sentences are nostalgic words that hurt the present, expressing the poet's feelings. The whole poem is profound in meaning and desolate in style.
"Not here in yan dan, a strong man will be crowned" tells the story of the place where the poet bid farewell to his friends. The tragic farewell scene and the impassioned emotions of the characters are summarized by "the crown of a strong man" to express the poet's deep respect for Jing Ke. At this time, it is natural to say goodbye to friends by the Yi River and think of Jing Ke's story. However, this way of writing poetry gives people an abrupt feeling. It abandons the common contents of farewell poems such as friends' communication, parting and parting thoughts, but goes straight into history. This vivid brushwork reflects an uncontrollable anger in the poet's heart. He cherishes the present by recalling the past and combines the past with the present. So as to prepare the conditions for the lyric behind and brew the atmosphere.
"There was no one in the past, but the water is still cold today" is a saying that cherishes the past and hurts the present, expressing the poet's feelings. The center of this poem is the fourth sentence, especially the word "cold" at the end of the poem, which is the finishing touch, rich in meaning and deeply expresses the poet's feelings about history and reality. The word "cold" contains the feelings in the scene, binds the feelings and the scene together, and forms meaning with images. Scenery and imagery are concrete descriptions of objective things; Emotion and meaning are the poet's aesthetic comprehension and feelings about objective things. Poets in natural objects and readers in artistic objects have found the objective existence of beauty and the great expression of life and personality, thus transferring this subjective feeling and meaning to objective scenes and images, endowing nature and art with life and objective things with subjective souls. This is the "empathy" in poetry creation and appreciation. The word "cold" is the material symbol of this empathy and the most successful place for this poem.
When the poet bid farewell to his friends on the bank of Yishui, he felt not only the cold water, but also the cold heart. Where are those lost times before me? Behind me, are the future generations? " The poet had to pour out his hard-won ambition and endless resentment to his best friend. The poet's memory of Jing Ke is not only a comfort to himself, but also an encouragement to his friends. The title of this poem is "Farewell", but it doesn't say who to bid farewell to and what to bid farewell to, but the grand farewell scene of "generously relying on the sword to sing your farewell" is just around the corner. History itself is a strong farewell, which is the same as the event that the poet sent his friend away. Farewells in ancient and modern times are all on the banks of Yishui River, and the places are the same.
These two poems are antithetical forms, one ancient and one present, one light and one heavy, one slow and one urgent, one bright and one dark, and two clues. At the same time, it shows that Yi Shui transcends ancient and modern times and poetry transcends time and space. Finally, it is unified in the word "cold" of "the water is still cold today", and the whole poem is integrated. It is not only an eulogy of history, but also an expression of feelings, which fully affirmed the life value of the ancient hero Jing Ke, and at the same time poured out the poet's ambition and anguish, and expressed his hope for his friends. The conception of this poem is very clever.
This is a farewell poem in title and an epic in content. Although the title of this poem is "Giving away", it doesn't tell us the parting of friends or who the readers are. However, the sender must be the best friend who cares about each other. Because only in this way, the poet is willing and able to irresistibly spit out the pieces in his heart when he leaves, saving all the usual farewell words.
Wang long-term lack of talent, loss of ambition, forced to suffer, patriotism can not be demonstrated. When he bid farewell to his friends, he expressed his admiration for ancient heroes by chanting ancient things, and also entrusted his deep feelings for reality, pouring out his great anguish that he was full of blood and had nowhere to flow. With strong and deep feelings and subtle and refined techniques, the whole poem got rid of the influence of the delicate poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty, which marked the maturity of the five-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty and opened the way for the healthy development of Tang poetry.
4. Appreciation of Simple Thousand Poems
Stork tower
Poet of Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
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The extraordinary ambition of the poet in this poem reflects the enterprising spirit of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Write what you see in the first two sentences. "Mountains cover the day" is about mountains, and "All rivers run into the sea" is about water. The poet watched a sunset sink to the endless rolling mountains in front of the building, and Ran Ran disappeared at the end of his vision; I watched the Yellow River roaring south in front of the building and downstairs, then turned east in the distance and flowed to the sea. The poet captured the rivers and mountains of Wan Li with extremely simple and plain language, with a short span of ten words with high image and high generalization, and the picture was broad and distant. There are two sentences in Du Fu's Song of Wang Zai's Painting Landscape: "Traveling in ancient times, talking about Wan Li recently". Although it is about painting, it can also be used to talk about poetry. These two poems written by Wang Zhihuan's landscape make it possible for Wan Li to be close at hand and Wan Li to be close at hand.
Write the last two sentences. "But you have broadened your horizons by 300 miles", a poet's endless pursuit, wanting to see farther and see where his eyesight can reach. The way is to stand higher and "go up a flight of stairs". It can be inferred from the second half of the poem that the first half of the poem may have been written on the second floor (not the floor), and the poet wanted to see the distant scenery as far as possible, and even climbed to the roof. The word "Lou" at the end also plays the role of a point, indicating that this is a poem about climbing stairs. This poem seems to describe the process of climbing stairs straightforwardly, but its significance is far-reaching and people can explore it. "A thousand miles" and "the first floor" are imaginary numbers, which are both vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "to be poor" and "to be better" contain many hopes and longings. These two poems are not only novel and unexpected, but also very natural and close to the first two poems, thus pushing this poem to a higher level and showing readers a broader vision. It is precisely because of this that these two sentences with simple philosophy have become famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages, and this poem has also become a swan song.
As far as the whole poem is concerned, this poem is said by the Japanese monk Konghai in On the Chamber of Secrets in the Mirror. Some people say that poetry should not be reasonable. This should only mean that poetry should not be blunt, boring and abstract, not that philosophy cannot be revealed and promoted in poetry. Just like this poem, it perfectly dissolves truth, scenery and events, making readers feel comfortable instead of reasoning. This is a mode to express the philosophy of life through thinking in images according to the characteristics of poetry.
The writing of this poem has another feature: it is a quatrain full of antithesis. When Shen Deqian chose this poem in the Tang Dynasty, he pointed out: "Four languages are correct, and it is not too expensive to read, so the bones are high." There are only two couplets in the quatrains, both of which are antithetical sentences. If it is not full of momentum and clear-cut, it will easily appear dull or fragmented. In this poem, the previous combination is the opposite name, the so-called "right and wrong", the sentence is extremely neat, heavy and powerful, which shows the grandeur of the scene written; The latter is a flowing pair. Although the two sentences are relative, there is no trace of confrontation. The poet is also very mature in using dual skills.
Meng Qian Bi Tan pointed out that "only Li Yi, Wang Zhihuan and Chang Dang can describe the scenery" in the poems left by the Tang people in the stork house. Li Yi's poems are seven-rhythm poems; Wandering poem is also a five-line poem, also called "In the Lodge of the Heron". The whole poem is as follows: "On birds, they rise above the ground. Ye Ping is surrounded by the sky, and the river breaks into mountains. " The poetic scene is also magnificent and can be called a masterpiece. However, Wang Zhihuan's poems were the first, but in comparison, he lost in the end, and Wang's poems had to be once and for all. Zhou Fugang said that this poem has the power to transcend time and space. This power is the unity of beauty and philosophy, the harmony of objectivity and subjectivity, and the great artistic reproduction and creation.
5. Appreciation of Simple Thousand Poems
Send Guo sicang
Poet of Tang Dynasty: Wang Changling
On the spring night, the Huaihe River helped each other and loved each other. I kept Guo Sicang coming again and again.
However, the guest can't stay, and only the bright moon follows him. My thoughts are like the Huaihe River, and the spring tide is rolling and can't be calm.
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This is a work expressing friendship and a farewell poem. The whole article describes the poet's deep feelings for his friends, which is very detailed.
The poem begins with a picturesque description, indicating the time and place. This is a place near the water. The green of Huaihe River is reflected on the door. It should be at night. The shadow of the sun in the water during the day should be flickering, and the color can't be seen clearly. Only the calm water on a quiet night will give people a green doorway. Of course, this guess is because the poet also wrote the left-behind sentence. It should be that it is getting late and the host and guest are inconvenient, so the poet will give birth to the meaning of staying overnight. The last two short sentences both have the meaning of blessing. In particular, the rising moon is used to compare the development that friends will get, which shows that the poet not only hopes to be an official, but also hopes to be an honest official. The poet really treats his friends with a kind heart. In spring, the Huaihe River tide rises every night. The poet uses the tide to describe his thoughts of his friends. Even if there are exaggerated elements here, the invisible mood is visualized, and the poet's yearning suddenly becomes vivid. The function of metaphor has both explanation and understanding.
In Wang Changling's farewell poems, the author uses the clear water of Huaihe River to express his master's nostalgia, and uses the bright moon and spring tide to express his sadness of parting. Starting from the environment, he lets the surrounding scenery express his feelings and thoughts.
In this work, the feelings of friends are written concretely and profoundly, and the materials are distinctive and targeted.