Flowers fall in Chai Men to cover the morning glow, and the number of faint crows flies by.
After singing Yu Xiaoli, I saw firewood and fishing all the way back from a distance. Zhou Dunyi, one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, proposed to achieve the highest moral realm of "purity and perfection" through "quietness" and "no desire", and he did practice it all his life. Huang Tingjian spoke highly of him: "The character is very high, and his mind is free and easy, such as romantic. Good at reading, elegant and elegant ... cheaper than fame, sharper than ambition, thinner than happiness, thicker than others, and the Philippines is dedicated. " (preface to Lianxi poetry) made a comprehensive evaluation of Zhou Dunyi's personality, academic quality and politics. Zhou Dunyi is free and easy, and has a saint style. He often travels with monks and Taoists, playing the piano and reciting poems. He has a unique way of thinking about everything in nature, and his "elegance" is the embodiment of the concept of integration with everything. He is good at understanding the way of nature in the landscape, reflecting his personal mind and cultivation. The widely circulated Ailian Theory reflects this noble emotion. His poems are few, and the most praised by later generations is Spring Festival Evening. Let's enjoy this new Confucian poem. The first and second sentences of the poem are about the evening scenery: "Flowers fall in Chai Men to cover the sunset glow". At dusk, the afterglow of the sunset shines obliquely in the yard. Chai Men is closed, the breeze has passed, the petals have fallen, there are countless piles of red flowers on the ground, and spring is about to leave; "The crow flies into the forest", it's getting late. On the other side of the forest a little further away, crows returning from foraging are flying around in the Woods, looking for their home. These two sentences are composed of Sunset, Falling Flowers, Chai Men, Crow and Lin Ping. There is nothing strange about this picture. There are many such themes in the poems of the previous generation. So what is unique about Zhou Dunyi's Spring Festival Evening? These two poems, a close-up view and a long-term view, seem to be opposite, but they are completely wrong. The second sentence describes the crow's smooth return, while the last sentence is like a montage in the movie. Three images constitute a dynamic picture: on the static background of "sunset" and "Chai Men" in the small courtyard, it is a dynamic scene of "falling flowers", while with Li He, it is a scene of youth dying and peach blossoms falling red. Li He's two words were given when he was drinking at the banquet, while Zhou Dunyi was on the scene of the Spring Festival Evening when he was "singing a break", showing his leisurely mood when he was "singing a break". Look at the following two sentences.
"Yu Yu Xiao Li is dry, and I saw the fish coming back all the way from afar." It turned out that the scenery before the Spring Festival Evening was exactly what the poet saw when he walked out of the railing of the study when the book was intoxicating and the sky was getting dark, and the people returning from the mountain path also attracted the poet's attention: woodcutter, fisherman and farmer, each carrying firewood, fishing net, hoe and rake, walked all the way to the village talking and laughing. The fourth sentence reminds people of Wang Wei's "Weishui Farmhouse": "In the setting sun, the narrow path leads home. A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy. There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves. Fu Tian Jojo, kindly greet each other. " In rural areas, people are self-sufficient and self-reliant, and rely on hard work to get rich fruits. The mentality of peace of mind accords with the poet's indifferent and calm feelings.
The first, second and fourth sentences of this poem "Spring Festival Evening" are seen in the poet's small building and form a relatively independent picture. The third sentence seems that the poet is not in the picture. But from the reader's point of view, whether Zhou Dunyi consciously put himself in the poem or not, the silhouette of the poet's "dying in a small station" has been completely integrated into the whole picture. Flowers fall and birds fly back when they are tired. The double aesthetic taste in the poem is reminiscent of the modern poet Bian's "Broken Chapter": "You stand on the bridge and watch the scenery, and the people watching the scenery are watching you upstairs. The bright moon decorated your window, and you decorated other people's dreams. " Combined with this modern poem full of aesthetic philosophy, Zhou Dunyi is like a landscape man on the bridge. Shan Ye's poems decorated his secluded life, but his poems decorated the readers' dreams for thousands of years, and the readers were "the people upstairs".