The bow should be drawn with strength, and the arrow should be used with length. To shoot a man, shoot a horse first; to capture a thief, capture the king first. There is also a limit to killing people, and all countries have their own borders. If you can control the invasion of the mausoleum, how can you kill more people? ——Tang Dynasty·Du Fu's "Nine Poems on Going Out of the Fortress·Sixth" Nine Poems on Going out of the Fortress·Six of them The bow should be drawn to draw strength, and the arrow should be used to draw long. To shoot a man, shoot a horse first; to capture a thief, capture the king first.
There is a limit to killing people, and all countries have their own borders. If you can control the invasion of the mausoleum, how can you kill more people? Discussion, Philosophy of War Translation and Annotations
Translation
When drawing a bow, you must draw the hardest one, and when shooting an arrow, you must shoot the longest one. To shoot a man, you must first shoot a horse; to capture a thief, you must first capture their leader.
There must be restrictions on killing, and every country has its borders. As long as we can stop the enemy's invasion, is it just to kill more people? Creative Background Appreciation The author is Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poet first wrote nine poems "Out of the Fortress", and then wrote five poems about "Out of the Fortress"; adding "before" and "after" to show the difference. "Qian Chu Fortress" is about the current events of Ge Shuhan's conquest of Tubo in the last years of Tianbao. It is intended to satirize Tang Xuanzong's aggressive military campaigns. This chapter was originally listed as the sixth poem and is one of the more famous ones. The first four lines of the poem are very similar to the battle hymns popular in the army at that time. They are rich in charm, full of rationality and interesting, and are very popular in discussions. Therefore, Huang Sheng said that it is "like a ballad, like a proverb, and the most wonderful place in Yuefu". Two "dang" and two "first", witty words and inspiring thoughts, put forward the key to the combat steps, emphasizing that the troops must be strong, the morale must be high, there must be strategies to deal with the enemy, and wisdom and courage must be used together. The four sentences are arranged in a row, like a collection of family treasures, like a summary of combat experience. However, looking at the whole article, it is not the main theme of the work, but just a lining for what follows. The last four sentences reveal the ultimate purpose of going to the border to fight. "There is a limit to killing people, and all countries have their own borders. If you can only control the invasion of the mausoleum, how can you kill more people?" The poet made an impassioned speech, expressed his heart directly, and made a deafening call. He believes that the purpose of having strong troops is to defend the border, and not to attack the border. Whether it is "shooting horses" to subdue the enemy, whether it is "killing" as a last resort, whether it is "capturing the king" with a strong army, the limit should be to "control the invading mausoleum", and should not be used to fight indiscriminately, let alone To be able to do something with military force, he invaded foreign countries. This idea of ??using war to fight war and using strong troops to stop aggression is a noble theory and a good policy for border security; it reflects the interests of the country and the aspirations of the people. Therefore, Zhang Hui said in "Du Shi Fu Cui" that these sentences are "big economic language, spoken by the garrison soldiers." In terms of artistic conception, the author adopts the technique of first promoting and then suppressing: the first four sentences start with popular and philosophical ballads and proverbs, telling how to train soldiers and use force, and how to defeat the enemy; the last four sentences describe how to control martial arts and avoid killing. , forcing out the original purpose of "stopping war and using force". The auxiliary writing is done first, and the main writing is done later; the auxiliary writing and the main writing seem to be slipping, but in fact they are continuous. They seem to be contradictory, but in fact they are dialectical. Because without reliable armaments, it is impossible to stop foreign aggression; but it is also undesirable to rely on strong armaments and resort to militarism. Therefore, the poet advocates supporting strong troops but also limiting them to "controlling the invasion of mausoleums", which is in the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Pu Qilong said with great understanding in "Reading Du Xinjie": "The first four (sentences) are soaring, and the lower four (sentences) suddenly fly around, the rabbit rises and the falcon falls, like this! Such!" The "flying" mentioned here " and "swift" refer to the galloping momentum and waves in the work; the "rabbit rises and the falcon falls" mentioned here refers to the profound theme of "supporting strong troops and opposing militarism" that is naturally forced out of the galloping momentum. Among the works of the Tang Dynasty, there are few works that win by argument, but this poem is famous for it; it has won praise for its high intention, righteousness, philosophy, and momentum. Du Fu (712-770), whose courtesy name is Zimei, who calls himself Shaoling Yelao, is known as "Du Gongbu", "Du Shaoling", etc., Han nationality, native of Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City, Henan Province), a great realist in the Tang Dynasty A Marxist poet, Du Fu is respected as the "Sage of Poetry" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du". He was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. About 1,400 of his poems have been preserved. His poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766, and is commemorated by Du Fu's Thatched Cottage in later generations.
Du Fu and Confucius said: "Guide them with politics, regulate them with punishment, and the people will be exempted from corruption. Guide them with virtue, coordinate them with etiquette, and have shame and dignity." Lao said: " If you are not virtuous, you are virtuous; if you are virtuous, you are not virtuous. "" Laws and regulations lead to many thieves." Tai Shigong said: "This is true!" Laws and regulations are tools of governance, not the source of purity and turbidity. In the past, the net of the world was full of secrets, but treachery and falsehood sprouted up, and at the extreme level, the upper and lower escaped from each other. As for the moment when they were depressed, the administration of officials was like putting out a fire and boiling, but if it were not strong and harsh, how could evil be able to do its job and be happy! Those who talk about morality are indulged in their duties. Therefore, it is said that "I am a human being who hears lawsuits, so there will be no lawsuits." "The corporal laughed when he heard the truth." Not just words. When the Han Dynasty was prosperous, the goblets were broken and they were made into circles, and the carvings were cut into pieces to make them simple. The nets were leaked by the fish that swallowed the boats, and the officials were in charge, so that they would not be treacherous, and the people would be safe. From this perspective, they are there but not here. ——Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, "Preface to the Biographies of Cruel Officials"
Preface to the Biographies of Cruel Officials
Han Dynasty: Sima Qian Confucius said: "Guide it with government, regulate it with punishment, and the people will be free from corruption. . Guide them with virtue, and use etiquette to guide them. There is shame and integrity. "Lao said: "It is virtue to be virtuous; it is virtue not to be virtuous." "Laws and regulations lead to thieves." There are many.
"Tai Shigong said: "I believe this is true! Laws and regulations are the tools of governance, not the source of purity and turbidity. In the past, the net of the world was too secretive. However, treachery and falsehood have sprouted up, and at their extreme, the top and bottom are running away from each other. As for the lack of vigor, it must be At that time, if the officials are to put out the fire and the boiling fire is not strong and harsh, they will be happy if they are able to do their job! Those who talk about morality will indulge in their duties. Therefore, it is said that "I am a person who listens to lawsuits, and there will be no lawsuits." "The corporal laughed when he heard the truth." It was not a lie. When the Han Dynasty was prosperous, the goblets were broken and they were made into circles, and the carvings were cut into pieces to make them plain. The nets were leaked by the fish that swallowed the boat. The officials were in charge and did not commit treachery, and the people were safe. From this Looking at it, it is here but not here. ▲ Guan Zhi, the preface discusses the first chapter of Qin Xiaogong's stronghold in Weihan. At that time, the king of Shang was assisting him in making laws, cultivating and weaving, and repairing war equipment; outside, he was fighting against the feudal lords, so the people of Qin surrendered and took possession of the area outside the Xihe River. Due to their legacy, Huiwen, Wu, Zhaoxiang and Meng took Hanzhong in the south, lifted Ba and Shu in the west, cut off the sacred land in the east, and collected key counties in the north. The princes were afraid and formed an alliance to weaken Qin, but they did not care about it. At that time, Qi had Mengchang, Zhao had Pingyuan, Chu had Chunshen, and Wei had Xinling. Wise and loyal, generous and loving, respecting the virtuous and respecting scholars, Yue Cong Liheng, and all the people of Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan, so the scholars of the Six Kingdoms include Ning Yue and Xu. The subordinates of Shang, Su Qin, and Du He conspired, and the disciples of Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Zhen, Zhao Hua, Lou Su, Zhai Jing, Su Li, and Le Yi understood their intentions, and Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Wang Liao, Tian Ji, Lian Po, and Zhao Shezhi Lun restrained their troops. They attacked Qin with ten times the territory and millions of people. The Qin people blocked the gate and delayed the enemy. The troops of the nine countries patrolled and did not dare to advance. Qin had no money left to kill, but the princes of the world were already trapped. So they broke up the treaty and fought for the land and bribed Qin. Qin had the remaining power to control its disadvantages. Because of the convenience, the country was divided, and the strong countries surrendered, and the weak countries entered the dynasty. King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang enjoyed the country for a long time, and the country was fine until the first emperor. And in Yuyu Nei, he swallowed the princes for two weeks, acted as the supreme and controlled Liuhe, beat and beat the world, and shocked the world. He took the land of Baiyue in the south and called it Guilin and Xiangjun. The king of Baiyue bowed his head and tied his neck. He ordered Meng Tian to build the Great Wall to the north and guard the fence, but the Huns did not dare to go south to herd horses, and the soldiers did not dare to bend their bows and complain. He made the city famous for his stupidity, killed the heroes, gathered the soldiers of the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold Feng Dy, and cast it into twelve golden figures, so as to weaken the people of the world. The city is facing an unexpected abyss, and it is thought that it is solid. The good generals guard the key points with their powerful crossbows, and the trustworthy ministers and elite soldiers are in charge. After the death of the First Emperor, his prestige was still in the world. However, Chen Sheweng was the son of a gangster and a member of the Migrant League. Yidun was rich; he crept among the troops, then stubbornly rose up in the streets, led the exhausted soldiers, turned hundreds of people to attack Qin, cut down trees to become soldiers, raised poles to become flags, and the world gathered to echo, winning food and Jing Cong. The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin clan. The land of Yongzhou is not small and weak, and Chen She's position is not respected to that of Qi, Chu, Yan, and Zhao. , Han, Wei, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan. They are also the kings of Han, Wei, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan. They are not as powerful as hooks, halberds, and long spears when they are hoeing. A man of the times. However, success or failure has changed, and the achievements have been opposite. Why? If the country of Shandong and Chen Shedu had a long life, and compared their power and strength, they would not be of the same age. However, the Qin Dynasty used a mere area to expand the power of ten thousand people, ordering the eight states and dynasty in the same row, which lasted for more than a hundred years; then it made Liuhe its home and Weihan its palace; when one man was in trouble, seven temples were destroyed, and he died in the hands of others, for the sake of the world. Laughter, why? If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different. In the middle chapter, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, merged the sea, and the princes, and proclaimed himself emperor in the south to support the four seas. All the people in the world are outstanding. If so, why? Said: There has been no king in recent times for a long time. The Zhou Dynasty is humble, and the five hegemons are destroyed, and the order cannot be used in the world. Therefore, the princes are in power, the strong bullies the weak, the many bully the few, the war is endless, and the soldiers and the people do harm. Today, Qin Nan faces and rules the world, and there is an emperor above. Since the people of Yuanyuan hope that their lives will be safe, they should all look up with an open mind. At this time, the foundation of safety lies in the solemn authority and determination of merit. The King of Qin had a greedy heart and pursued the wisdom of self-improvement. He did not believe in meritorious officials and did not care for the people. He abolished the king's way and established selfish love. He burned documents and tortured the law. He first deceived power and then benevolence and righteousness. He began to rule the world with tyranny. The one who wants to annex is high in deceit, and the one who is in danger is the one who values ??obedience to power. This means that taking and keeping are different skills. When Qin left the Warring States period and ruled the world, its path was not easy and its politics did not change. This is why it was the same as those who took it and defended it. It exists alone, so it can stand and wait for its death. By asking the King of Qin to discuss the affairs of the past world and the traces of Yin and Zhou Dynasty, he could control his government. Although there were arrogant and arrogant masters in the future, there was no danger of collapse. Therefore, when the three kings established the world, their names were beautiful and their achievements were long-lasting. Now that the second generation of Qin has been established, everyone in the world will take the lead and watch its politics. If the husband is cold, he will benefit from leeks and brown, while if he is hungry, it will be sweetened with chaff. The world is clamoring, and the capital of the new master is also there. This is what makes it easy to work for the people.
Xiangshi II behaved like a mediocre ruler and was appointed loyal and virtuous. The ministers were single-minded and worried about the troubles at home. They were humble and corrected the mistakes of the previous emperor. After dividing the land and dividing the people and naming meritorious officials, they established a country and established a king to honor the world. They were imprisoned in vain and were exempted from punishment. Go. Collect impurities and cause them to rebel against each other in their villages; distribute money to warehouses and houses to support the lonely and poor people; give light gifts and minor tasks to assist the people's needs; make laws and save punishments to support the people in the world. Everyone must renew themselves, practice more disciplinedly, and be careful about themselves; block the hope of all people, and spread their great virtues to the world, and the world will stop. That is to say, everyone in the four seas is happy and happy in their own places, fearing that there will be changes. Although there are cunning and malicious people, but they have no intention of detaching themselves from their superiors, the unruly ministers will not be able to show off their wisdom, and the treacherous and treacherous people will be eliminated. The second generation did not practice this technique, but focused on immorality: destroying the ancestral temple and the people, and then building the palace of Afang; punishing and punishing severely, and governing officials deeply; rewards and punishments were inappropriate, and taxes were excessive. There are many things going on in the world, but the officials cannot keep them in check; the people are poor, but the Lord does not accept mercy. Then traitors and falsehoods arise together, and the superiors and the inferiors escape from each other; the sinners are all condemned, and they face each other in punishment and death, and the world suffers. From the ministers down to the common people, people have a heart of self-danger and are living in poverty. They are not secure in their positions, so they are easy to move. Therefore, Chen She did not use the talents of Tang and Wu, and did not borrow the honor of the princes to fight for the great swamp, but if the world reverberated, his people would be in danger. Therefore, the former kings saw that the beginning and the end remain unchanged, and knew the reasons for survival and destruction. Therefore, the way of herdsmen is to ensure safety. Although there are ministers who are rebellious, they will not be able to respond to help. Therefore, it is said: "It is righteous to bring peace to the people, but it is easy to do wrong to endanger the people." This is what we mean. It is right to be the emperor, to be rich all over the world, and to be killed by those who kill you. This is the fault of the second generation. In the next chapter, the Qin Dynasty conquered more than thirty counties in Shandong, built the Jinguan Pass, occupied the dangerous fortress, and repaired armored troops to defend it. However, Chen She led hundreds of scattered people. They raised their arms and shouted. They did not use bows and halberds. They leaned on the white stilts and looked at the houses to eat. They went all over the world. The people of Qin failed to guard against danger, failed to close the bridges, failed to thrust with their halberds, and failed to shoot with their powerful crossbows. The Chu army went deep into the army and fought at Hongmen. There was no difficulty with barriers. So the princes of Shandong stood together, and the heroes stood together. Qin sent General Zhang Han to march eastward. Zhang Han, because of the strength of his three armies, wanted to conquer the outside world in order to conquer it. The disbelief of the officials can be seen in this. The child was born, but he did not realize it. If Ziying has the talent of a mediocre leader and can only get the middle assistant, although Shandong is in chaos, the land of the Three Qin Dynasties can be preserved, and the worship of the ancestral temple will not be exhausted. The land of Qin is considered solid by mountains and rivers, and it is a country with four fortresses. Since Duke Mu, the more than twenty kings of Qin have always been the heroes of the princes. Isn’t this a virtuous person? It's so powerful. The world is united in attacking Qin, but if it is trapped in danger and cannot advance, how can it be that the courage and wisdom are insufficient? The shape is unfavorable and the situation is inconvenient. Although Qin is a small town, it conquers and annexes a large city, and then defends it. The princes started from a common man to facilitate the meeting, which is not the behavior of a king. It is not a close relationship, and its people are not attached to it. It is called the death of Qin, which is actually beneficial. Seeing that Qin's resistance is difficult to defeat, he will retreat. The country calms down the people and waits for the disadvantages, and accepts the weak and supports them so that the king of a big country will not worry about being dissatisfied at home. If you are the emperor, you are rich all over the world, but as a bird, it is wrong to save someone from defeat. The King of Qin satisfied himself without asking, so he passed without changing. The second generation suffered from it, so it did not change, and it was violent and caused more disasters. Ziying is isolated and has no relatives, vulnerable and helpless. Isn't it appropriate to die if you don't understand the confusion of the three masters for the rest of your life? At this time, he was not an intellectual without foresight and foresight, but he did not dare to be loyal to those who had faulted him. This was because Qin custom had many taboos - loyal words were lost before they were spoken. Therefore, let the people of the world listen with their ears, stand with their feet firmly on their feet, and keep their mouths closed without speaking. Therefore, the three masters have lost their way, the loyal ministers do not admonish, and the wise men do not plan. The world is already in chaos, how sad it is that rape is not heard of! The previous kings knew that obstruction and obstruction would harm the country, so they appointed ministers, officials, and scholars to govern the world with laws and punishments. When it is strong, it prohibits violence and suppresses chaos and the world is submissive; when it is weak, it means that the king dominates and conquers and the princes obey; when it is weak, it protects the inside and attaches to the outside, but the country and the country survive. Therefore, when the Qin Dynasty was prosperous, the world was shaken due to its complicated laws and severe punishments; when it was declining, the people were resentful and rebelled at home and abroad. Therefore, the king of Zhou succeeded in his way and it lasted for more than a thousand years. However, the Qin Dynasty lost it at the same time, so it cannot last long. From this point of view, the relationship between safety and danger is far away. As the proverb goes: "Never forget the past, you will be the teacher of the future." Therefore, a gentleman is the leader of the country, observes the past, examines the current world, participates in human affairs, observes the principles of prosperity and decline, and judges the expediency of power. Changes occur due to time, so it lasts for a long time, but the country is stable. ——The Two Han Dynasties·Jia Yi's "On Guo Qin"
On Guo Qin
The Two Han Dynasties: Jia Yi
Part 1
Duke Xiao of Qin held the territory of Weihan and supported the land of Yongzhou. The monarchs and ministers stood firm to have a glimpse of the Zhou Dynasty. He had the intention to sweep the world, encompass the universe, encompass the four seas, and swallow up the heart of the eight wastelands. At that time, the Lord of Shang assisted him, internally enacting laws, doing farming and weaving, repairing and guarding war equipment, externally linking up balance and fighting against the princes. So the Qin people surrendered and took the territory outside the Xihe River.
Since Xiaogong is gone, Huiwen, Wu, Zhaoxiang and Meng have their old careers, because
Part 1
Qin Xiaogong takes advantage of Weihan's stronghold and supports Yongzhou. On the earth, the monarchs and ministers stick to it to see the Zhou Dynasty, with the intention of sweeping the world, enveloping the universe, encompassing the four seas, and swallowing up the eight wastelands. At that time, the Lord of Shang assisted him, internally enacting laws, doing farming and weaving, repairing and guarding war equipment, externally linking up balance and fighting against the princes. So the Qin people surrendered and took the area outside the Xihe River.
Since Xiaogong is gone, Huiwen, Wu, Zhaoxiang and Meng have left their old responsibilities. Due to the legacy policy, Hanzhong was taken from the south, Ba and Shu were raised from the west, the fertile land was cut from the east, and key counties were taken from the north. The princes are afraid, will make alliances and plan to weaken the Qin, and do not love the precious and fertile land, so that all the people in the world will unite and establish diplomatic relations and become one. At this time, Qi had Mengchang, Zhao had Pingyuan, Chu had Chunshen, and Wei had Xinling. These four monarchs are all wise and loyal, generous and loving, respecting the virtuous and respecting scholars. They are all from Han, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan.
So the scholars of the Six Kingdoms, including the subordinates of Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, and Du He, conspired, and the followers of Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Zhen, Zhao Hua, Lou Su, Zhai Jing, Su Li, and Le Yi understood their intentions. Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Wang Liao, Tian Ji, Lian Po, and Zhao Shezhi Lun controlled their troops. With ten times the land and millions of people, they knocked the pass and attacked Qin. The Qin people closed the gates to delay the enemy, and the armies of the Nine Kingdoms patrolled around and did not dare to advance. Qin did not have the money to pay for the death arrow, but the princes of the world were already trapped. So he broke the contract and lost, fought for the land and bribed Qin. Qin had spare power to control its disadvantages, and chased the enemy to the north, laying down millions of corpses, bleeding and floating in the oars. Because of advantage and convenience, they slaughtered the world and divided the mountains and rivers. Strong countries will submit, weak countries will join the dynasty. Extending to King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoyed a short period of time and the country was fine.
As for the first emperor, the remaining heroes of the sixth generation vigorously pursued the strategy and controlled the inner world, swallowed up the princes for two weeks, acted as the supreme and controlled the Liuhe, held on to beat and beat the world, and vibrated the world. Taking the land of Baiyue in the south, I thought it was Guilin and Xiangjun. The king of Baiyue bowed his head and tied his neck, and ordered his subordinates. He ordered Meng Tian to build the Great Wall to the north and guard the fence, but he defeated the Huns for more than 700 miles. The barbarians did not dare to go south to herd horses, and the soldiers did not dare to bend their bows and complain. So he abolished the ways of the previous kings, burned the words of hundreds of families, and used the stupid head of Guizhou; he made the city famous, killed the heroes, collected the soldiers of the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold Feng Dy, and cast it as the Twelve Golden People to weaken the people of the world. Then practice Huahua City, because the river is a pond, occupy the city of hundreds of millions of feet, and think it is solid in the face of unexpected abyss. The good generals guard the key points with their powerful crossbows, the trustworthy ministers and the good soldiers prepare the troops. The world has been settled, and the First Emperor's heart is that he thinks that the Guanzhong is solid, the golden city is thousands of miles away, and the inheritance of descendants and emperors will last forever.
The First Emperor is no longer alive, but his remaining power shocks the world. However, Chen Sheweng is the son of Shengshu, a gangster, and a migrant. His talents are not as good as those of middle-class people. He is not as talented as Zhongni and Mo Zhai, and he is not as rich as Tao Zhu and Yidun. He creeps among the troops and stubbornly rises across the street Among them, he led the exhausted soldiers and turned hundreds of people to attack Qin. He chopped down trees as soldiers and raised poles as flags. The whole world gathered to echo, winning food and scenery. The heroes of Shandong then joined forces and destroyed the Qin people.
The world is not small and weak. In the land of Yongzhou, Weihan is solid and self-contained. The position of Chen She is not respected to the kings of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan; it is not to hoe thorns and thorns with spears and spears; to banish the garrison is not to resist The divisions of the Nine Kingdoms are those who are far-sighted and far-sighted, and the way of marching and employing troops is not the same as those who look forward to the times. However, success or failure has changed, and the achievements have been opposite. Why? If the country of Shandong and Chen Shedu had a long life, and compared their power and strength, they would not be of the same age. However, the Qin Dynasty used a mere area to expand the power of ten thousand people, ordering the eight states and dynasty in the same row, which lasted for more than a hundred years; then it made Liuhe its home and Weihan its palace; when one man was in trouble, seven temples were destroyed, and he died in the hands of others, for the sake of the world. Laughter, why? If benevolence and righteousness are not applied, the offensive and defensive momentum will be different.
Part 2
Qin destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, merged the sea, and the princes, and proclaimed himself emperor in the south to support the four seas. All the people in the world are outstanding. If so, why? Said: There has been no king in recent times for a long time. The Zhou Dynasty is humble, and the five hegemons are destroyed, and the order cannot be used in the world. Therefore, the princes are in power, the strong bullies the weak, the many bully the few, the war is endless, and the soldiers and the people do harm. Today, Qin Nan faces and rules the world, and there is an emperor above. Since the people of Yuanyuan hope that their lives will be safe, they should all look up with an open mind. At this time, the foundation of safety lies in the solemn authority and determination of merit.
The King of Qin had a greedy heart and the wisdom of self-improvement. He did not believe in meritorious officials and was not close to the people. He abolished the royal way and established personal love. . Those who want to annex are more deceitful, and those who are in danger value their authority. This means that taking and keeping are different skills. When Qin left the Warring States period and ruled the world, its path was not easy and its politics did not change. This is why it was the same as those who took it and defended it. It exists alone, so it can stand and wait for its death. By asking the King of Qin to discuss the affairs of the past world and the traces of Yin and Zhou Dynasty, he could control his government. Although there were arrogant and arrogant masters in the future, there was no danger of collapse. Therefore, when the three kings established the world, their names were beautiful and their achievements were long-lasting.
Now that the second generation of Qin has been established, everyone in the world will be watching his politics without taking the lead. If the husband is cold, he will benefit from leeks and brown, while if he is hungry, it will be sweetened with chaff. The world is clamoring, and the capital of the new master is also there. This is what makes it easy to work for the people. Xiangshi II behaved like a mediocre ruler and was appointed loyal and virtuous. The ministers were single-minded and worried about the troubles at home. They were humble and corrected the mistakes of the previous emperor. After dividing the land and dividing the people and naming meritorious officials, they established a country and established a king to honor the world. They were imprisoned in vain and were exempted from punishment. Go. Collect impurities and cause them to rebel against each other in their villages; distribute money to warehouses and houses to support the lonely and poor people; give light gifts and minor tasks to assist the people's needs; make laws and save punishments to support the people in the world. Everyone must renew themselves, practice more disciplinedly, and be careful about themselves; block the hope of all people, and spread their great virtues to the world, and the world will stop. That is to say, everyone in the four seas is happy and happy in their own places, fearing that there will be changes. Although there are cunning and malicious people, but they have no intention of detaching themselves from their superiors, the unruly ministers will not be able to show off their wisdom, and the treacherous and treacherous people will be eliminated.
The second generation did not practice this technique, but focused on immorality: ruining the ancestral temple and the people, and then building the palace of Afang; severe punishments, severe official governance; inappropriate rewards and punishments, and excessive taxation. There are many things going on in the world, but the officials cannot keep them in check; the people are poor, but the Lord does not accept mercy. Then traitors and falsehoods arise together, and the superiors and the inferiors escape from each other; the sinners are all condemned, and they face each other in punishment and death, and the world suffers. From the ministers down to the common people, people have a heart of self-danger and are living in poverty. They are not secure in their positions, so they are easy to move. Therefore, Chen She did not use the talents of Tang and Wu, and did not borrow the honor of the princes to fight for the great swamps. If the world reverberated, his people would be in danger.
Therefore, the former kings saw that the beginning and the end remain unchanged, and knew the reasons for survival and destruction. Therefore, the way of herdsmen is to ensure safety. Although there are ministers who are rebellious, they will not be able to respond to help. Therefore, it is said: "It is righteous to bring peace to the people, but it is easy to do wrong to endanger the people." This is what we mean. It is right to be the emperor, to be rich all over the world, and to be killed by those who kill you. This is the fault of the second generation.
High school classical Chinese essays, ancient Chinese essays about the spring breeze blowing the boat on my stream, reading "Zhongxing Monument" on the support. I spent half my life reading calligraphy books and rubbing stone carvings into silk. The emperor of Ming Dynasty did not make any plans, but turned the world upside down. The nine temples do not guard the west of Chengyu, and all the officials have chosen their roost. Fu Jun supervises the affairs of the prince, why do you want to take big things? Things turned out to be extremely difficult. Fortunately, the emperor returned to the capital in disgrace. Is it ok to have a back color inside the room? Outside, Li Fuyi directed. Nannei is so desolate that it is difficult to survive, and the death of General Gao is particularly dangerous. The minister concluded the two or three policies of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the minister Fu Dujuan paid homage to the poem again. I know that my loyal minister is in pain to the bone, but I only appreciate Qiong Ju's poems in this world. Six or seven generations of wild monks came with him, and there were also scribes who followed him. The moss on the cliff has been standing against each other for a long time, and the freezing rain washes away the sorrow of the past. ——Song Dynasty·Huang Tingjian's "Book Behind the Cliff Stele"
Book "Behind the Cliff Stele"
Song Dynasty: Huang Tingjian The spring breeze blows the boat on the Wuxi River, and the "Zhongxing Stele" is read on the support.
For half of my life, I have read ink books and rubbed stone carvings into silk.
The Emperor Ming did not make any plans, but turned the world upside down.
Nine temples do not guard the west of Chengyu, and all officials have chosen their roost.
Why should the Fu army supervise the affairs of the crown prince and take big things?
As luck would have it, the emperor returned to the capital in disgrace.
Is it ok to have some color in between? Outside, Li Fuyi directed.
Nannei is desolate and barely survives, and the death of General Gao is particularly dangerous.
The minister concluded the two or three policies of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the minister Fu Dujuan paid homage to the poem again.
I know that my loyal minister is in pain to the bone, but I only appreciate Qiongju's poems in this world.
Six or seven generations of wild monks came with him, and they were also followed by scribes.
The moss has been standing on the cliff for a long time, and the freezing rain washes away the sorrow of the past.
▲ Chanting history and remembering the past, discussing and expressing emotions