19. Briefly describe the main features of Southern Dynasties literature.

A: The literature of the Southern Dynasties refers to the literature of the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties. The main characteristics of literature in this era are as follows: creative activities have received unprecedented attention, literati groups are active in creating, and the number of writers' works is far ahead of the previous generation; The content of the work is thin and empty, but the theme is developed and the formal skills tend to be mature; Literary theory has also been further developed. Specifically, it is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

First, the court-centered poet group is active in creation. Emperors in the Southern Dynasties preferred literature, and often recruited scribes to make peace, forming many literati groups. Such as Liu Yiqing, King Linchuan of Liu and Song Dynasties, Xiao, Prince Xiao Tong of Liang Zhaoming, Xiao Gang of Jian Wendi, Yuan Di, etc. Recruiting scribes in the government has a great influence on literary creation. The emperor's advocacy also contributes to the formation of literary atmosphere in society. During the Southern Dynasties, many families, fathers and sons and brothers were good at literature, which can also be said to have a certain relationship with this trend.

Second, the tendency of innovation and change in literary creation is more prominent. New themes and styles are constantly emerging. In poetry, landscape poems appeared in Liu and Song Dynasties, "a hundred sentences were adopted by couples, and the words were strange in price". In the Qi Dynasty, Yongming style appeared and began to pursue temperament. At the same time, language began to pursue simplicity. For example, Shen Yue put forward "three changes" in his poems: "easy to see things", "easy to read" and "easy to read". When I arrived in Chen Liang, the theme turned to the palace, and I wrote about the life of women in the harem. Prose creation further promoted parallel culture, and parallel prose was the most representative style in this period.

Thirdly, in terms of literary concept, the focus has shifted from "expressing ambition" to "fatalism", and literary theory has further developed. Writers generally attach importance to "fate" and emphasize chanting temperament in their creation. "Fatalism" became the mainstream in this period, especially Xiao Gang and Xiao Yi put forward the ideas that "articles should be debauched" and "emotions should be emotional". Under these propositions, writers pay more attention to the beauty and lyricism of words and the aesthetic value of their works.

There are also some shortcomings in the literature of the Southern Dynasties in this period, which are mainly manifested in the narrow pattern of works, the strong enterprising spirit and generous and powerful emotional strength in works are relatively weak, resulting in the shortcomings of inferiority.