Edit different expressions in this paragraph.
The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on.
Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc.
Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc.
Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.
Edit the specific expression of this paragraph.
Expressing ambition with objects, lyrical narration with scenery, expressing one's mind directly, and contrasting Zhang Xianzhi's symbolic imagination and association.
Take care of the feelings in the scene, set off the objects, set off the prosperity and sadness with music, render the truth and reality, and combine side description with positive description, direct lyric with indirect lyric.
Edit the expression of this poem
There are many ways to express poetry. The traditional way of expression that was first popular in China and is still often used today is "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu."
In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems.
Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. " Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way.
Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy. Take the metaphor as an example. Those who quote plants, birds and beasts in poetry and prose are happy. " Zhu pointed out more clearly: "If you are interested, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." For example, Guan Ju and other articles in The Book of Songs used the expression of "Xing".
These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties.
There are many forms of expression of poetry, which are constantly developing and creating since ancient times, and their application is also flexible, exaggerated, repetitive, overlapping, jumping and so on. It's hard to describe. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important form of expression of poetry. In poetry, there is also an important technique of expression, which is symbol. Symbol simply means "symbolic meaning", but in modern poetry, symbol is the direct image of the soul and should be paid attention to. From a modern point of view, there are three main ways to create images in poetry:
1, analogy. Liu Xie said in the book Wen Xin Diao Long: Metaphor is "either a sound metaphor, a figurative metaphor, a mental metaphor or a metaphor." There are many examples in the poems we listed before. There is also a more commonly used technique, that is, "personification": personification with things or personification with people. The former is like Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge: I left gently/just as I came gently; /I waved gently,/saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky. /the golden willow by the river,/the bride in the sunset; /Beautiful shadows in the waves,/rippling in my heart. Treat "clouds" and "golden willows" as people. People imitate things, for example, Love's Because of the Wind: ... My heart/as bright as the candlelight in your window/slightly ambiguous/inevitable/because of the wind/... with the love of my life/light a lamp/I am a fire/may go out at any time/because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to candlelight, and compare me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is "personification".
2. exaggeration. It is to enlarge the things to be described, just like the "capitalization" and "close-up" shots in the movie, to attract readers' attention and association. Li Bai's Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, so it is not as good as Wang Lun (for Wang Lun), "Flying down three thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way will fall for nine days" (Looking at Lushan Waterfall), in which "deep thousands of feet" and "three thousands of feet" are mentioned, although it is not true, the image he created vividly shows the characteristics of things and expresses the poet's passion, which is not only acceptable to readers. However, this exaggeration must be artistic and aesthetic, not too absurd, not too real, and not too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing the harvest of cotton: "A bag of cotton is wrapped/the truck head is tilted/tilted, three feet high/like an anti-aircraft gun." After reading it, people feel unreal and can't feel good.
3. Metonymy. Is to replace that thing with this thing. Similar to analogy, but different. The difference lies in: analogy is generally compared, and comparison is concrete and visible; Metonymy is concrete on the one hand and abstract on the other, which bridges the gap between concrete and abstract, makes the image of poetry more vivid and prominent, and arouses readers' association. This is what Ai Qing said, "Put wings on your thoughts, put clothes on your feelings, color your voice, and let the dead solidify."
To shape the image of poetry, we should not only use the materials taken from perspective to describe the picture, but also use the materials obtained from the senses such as hearing and touch to reflect the image in many ways, so as to be vivid and novel. Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, rode on a donkey and sang "Birds by the pool stay in the trees, and monks push the door down on the moon", but he also thought that "monks knock on the door down on the moon" could be used. He couldn't decide whether to "push" or "knock", so he made a consultation with his hand. Unexpectedly, the donkey blocked a big official's way. This man is Han Yu, a great writer. When the guards led Jia Dao to the horse, Jia told the truth. Han hesitated for a long time and said it was better to knock at the door. Because there is a "knock" sound, there are one or two knocks on the door on the moonlit night in the mountains, which makes the scene "live" and makes the environment more silent. "Wuti" and "Zhong" beside Fengqiao Bridge are also the crowning touch of this poem. There is also the music description in Bai Juyi's Pipa, which is "like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade". It is very vivid and wonderful! Modern, such as Huang Helang's "Morning Song": "There is also a stubborn listening/wind, rain, waves/faint/dawn/morning bell of Lingquan Temple/like a gushing spring/distant response/faint knocking down/a few sparse stars/cock crowing/as if crossing the ocean/cock crowing/like the tide. This poem is also well written. Therefore, if we master the skills of creating images with sound, it will open up a broader field for poetry creation.
Whether it is metaphor, exaggeration or metonymy, it depends on the poet's keen observation of objective things, his own feelings, bold imagination and even fantasy. It can be said that neither romance nor reality is a poet without imagination (fantasy). For example, Li Bai, who is famous for his boldness, has rich imagination and magnificent poetic style, and Du Fu, who is famous for his realism, also wrote, "When did you suddenly see this house in front of you?" ("The hut was blown by the autumn wind") and "Her hair is misty and her shoulders are cold. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? "(Moonlit Night) and so on.
Learn the descriptive angle of narrative.
The description of conceptual narrative can be divided into positive description and side description from the perspective of description. We often say that the angle of character description is mainly positive and negative (virtual and real). There are many angles to describe the landscape: feeling (vision, hearing, taste, touch); Dynamic and static; Up and down; Pitching and leveling; Virtual reality; Point surface; Sound and sound and so on. We often say that foil is from the perspective of expression effect, which is essentially different from profile description.
Positive description is a positive portrayal of characters, which directly presents their appearance, psychology, language and movements to readers. Excellent frontal description is vivid and meticulous, so many portrait descriptions, language descriptions, psychological descriptions and action descriptions are also called detail descriptions (see case studies of details).
General description refers to a description method that does not directly present the described object, but expresses the described object by describing other people or environment around it. It can be divided into people who line people and scenery who line people. There is a story in Liezi: Xue Tan learned to sing for Qin Qing, but he thought he was too proud to "quit" before he got home. Qin Qing "lingered in the suburbs, caressing elegies, shaking the trees, very sonorous". The author does not directly describe how exquisite Qin Qing's singing skills are, but sets off the profile from the perspective that his "elegy" can move trees and stop floating white clouds from appreciating. Lin Heyun has no spirituality, but "Elegy" can "make inanimate and interesting things seem to have human life activities, and make things that were originally just material appear human feelings" (Zhu Guangqian's words). Imagine, if you don't have superb singing skills, why is Elegy so moving and crying for trees?
Note: There are positive descriptions and side descriptions in poetry, whether it is about scenery or people. In Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", the sentence "A straight line goes up to the sky, which reaches the zenith and casts a shadow across China" is mainly a positive description, showing its lofty and magnificent momentum; "The roof is 18000 feet high, right here, and it begins to turn to the southeast" is a profile description of the magnificent Tianmu Mountain. Wang Changling's "Joining the Army (7)" wrote: The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive. The poet did not directly describe the war scenes, but expressed them by means of profile description or rendering, which made the whole poem seem implicit and meaningful and memorable. In fact, from another angle, there are real writing theory, point-surface combination theory and dynamic-static combination theory. For example, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream", "Bright Moon" is a static scene and "Liu Qingquan" is a dynamic scene. The combination of motion and static describes a quiet and beautiful moonlit picture. In addition, there are fine painting, line drawing, detail description and so on. This is a hint here that poetry criticism should make a breakthrough.
Method guidance
1, positive description. It is necessary to portray the characteristics of the characters and highlight their personalities, so as to show the theme to be expressed.
2. Introduction and description
(1), determine the theme you want to express, and don't use too much introduction description.
(2), the side of things to choose things that can play a comparative role or produce a comparative effect.
Note: Appropriate introduction description can play many roles, but it is an auxiliary means after all, and it should be combined with positive description. Front description+side contrast = perfect depiction
Clip appreciation focuses on the introduction description.
1, lining people with people
(1) "Shang Mo sang" wrote Luo Fu:
Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook. There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear; Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he put it on his shoulder and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe; In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu.
Analysis: The first half of the sentence is a positive description, while the second half highlights the beauty of Luo Fu through the different actions, expressions and demeanor of elders, teenagers, cultivators and hoes. This method belongs to matching people with others.
(2) Ming Hu Ju Listening Book in Lao Can's Travels was written by Bai Niu;
After the black girl finished singing, there were two people sitting next to her. One of them asked humanity in a low voice, "This must be the white girl?" One of them said, "No, this person is called Black Girl, and she is the sister of White Girl. His timbre was taught by Bai Niu. If he is better than Bai Niu, I don't know how far he is from it! His benefits can be said, but the benefits of the white girl cannot be said; His benefits can be learned, but the benefits of white girls cannot be learned. Think about it, in recent years, who is so stubborn and doesn't learn their tune? Even the girls in the kiln, everyone learns, and at most, they talk about black girls in one or two sentences. If the benefits of white girls are mentioned, no one can ever compare with him.
Analysis: This passage highlights the high level of Bai Niu's singing skills through the listener's talk and evaluation.
(3) In Stomatology, in order to show the superb skills of ventriloquists, various methods of profile description are successfully used: when the artist imitates a scene of a fire, the audience's response is "two wars, want to be first", and the audience's response sets off the ventriloquists' superb skills, which is to set off people, which is positive contrast; At the end of the performance, it was written that the arrangement on the stage was "one table, one chair, one fan and one foot". Here, simple props are used to compare superb oral skills, which is the contrast between people and things.
④ In Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin, the author created the heroic image of the assassin Jing Ke, and also created another assassin Qin Wuyang who killed at the age of twelve. But when he saw the king of Qin, he was frightened, and Jing Ke was poised. Here, Qin Wuyang's reputation, strong on the outside and weak on the inside, effectively set off the courage and extraordinary temperament of Jing Ke Superman. This is the application of contrast. A very typical example is "Guan Yu killed Hua Xiong with warm wine" and "Liu Xuande visited the thatched cottage" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, all of which are layered descriptions.
2, with scenery (things) lining people
(1) Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" describes the wonderful performance of the pipa girl with actions, expressions and metaphors, and then sets off with "the east boat is silent and the west boat is quiet, and we see the white autumn moon entering the river" to show the charm of the pipa girl's performance from the side. The combination of the front and back strongly shows the superb skills and complicated feelings of the pipa girl, paving the way for the author to express that we are all unhappy-an eternal sigh at the end of the day.
Han Yu's "Listening to the Piano Cleverly" and Li He's "Li Ping's Poems" are both excellent works describing music and expressing characters' emotions. The combination of front and side effectively shows the superb skills of the players and the artistic conception of the characters. The difference is that the former mainly uses synaesthesia rhetoric in the front description, while the latter mainly uses metaphor and personification rhetoric in the front description, which makes music moving in the side description by describing the music effect.
(2) "The fragrance of beans and wheat on both sides of the river and grass at the bottom of the river, mixed with water vapor, blows on the face; The moonlight is hazy in the steam. The light black undulating mountains, like eager iron ridges, ran far to the stern, but I felt that the ship was very slow. " By describing the fresh and beautiful scenery of the water town in the south of the Yangtze River, the speed of the ship is set off by the speeding and still scenery, thus showing my desire to see social dramas.
(3) "This woman made a seat. Soon under her body, it was woven into a big piece. She seems to be sitting on a piece of snow and white clouds. She sometimes looks at the lake, which is also a silvery white world. There is a thin transparent fog on the water, and when the wind blows, it carries fresh lotus leaves and lotus fragrance. " The author describes the beautiful environment to contrast the happy mood and noble quality of the aquatic sister-in-law, and also paves the way for the following plot.
(4) He's Two Hometown Couplets (Part II):
I have been away from my hometown for many years, and I have been half-dead recently. Only in front of Jinghu Lake, the spring breeze does not change the waves of the past.
This poem is clear in words, and in order to express the sadness of returning home after a long separation, contrast is used. It uses the lake in spring to be as blue as ever, and has not changed at all, to set off the killing of personnel, the waste of time, the feeling of looking back and the pain of parting. How can it not arouse readers' strong * * * voice?
Example display
"One rainy night, my mother went to attend the parent-teacher conference held in our school. The clock on the wall has passed eight o'clock, and my mother will be back soon ... "Please imagine and shape my image under certain circumstances, and demand a combination of positive description and profile description. About 150 words.
The dark night sky, like saturated with ink, is suffocating. A shower beat against the glass window, sometimes it was silent. I curled up on the sofa, folded my knees in my hands and gently closed my eyes. (Action description) I vaguely saw my mother's reproachful eyes and heard her sigh. (Psychological description) With the heavy "tick" sound of the old pendulum on the wall, (Profile description) cold sweat gradually seeped from my palm. I opened the window uneasily and took a deep breath of slightly cool air. With the fragrance of rain, I couldn't help shivering. (action description)
Liu Xizai, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, said: "The mountain gods can't be written, but they are written in the clouds; The spirit of spring can't be written, but it is written by vegetation. " It's about the wonderful use of profile description. I hope that students will actively use the method of profile description in their writing, so as to combine the positive and negative aspects, so that your description will become rich from single, implicit from straightforward, vivid from plain, and the scenery you write will be more vivid and the characters will be fuller, thus improving the quality of your works in an all-round way.
Practice platform
1, scene 1: The long-awaited physical education class was spoiled by the sudden rainy weather, and the English teacher used this time to conduct an English unit test.
Scene 2: On the playground, a student plays basketball very well.
Scenario 3: One day in summer, it was sunny and hot, and the whole world was wrapped in a heat wave.
Choose your favorite scene, please describe it in front and side.
Please write a paragraph on the topic "The person who stays in the deepest memory". Ask to write an article of about 200 words, combining before and after.
2. Please carefully understand the meaning of "the return of horseshoe fragrant flowers" and "the ancient temple hidden in the mountains", and write a positive description or profile description to skillfully express its artistic conception.
Ni Nan
Poor scholar 1. Artistic skills:
1, expression:
Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points. Different description methods, such as dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; Yes (lyrical way? There are two main ways: direct lyric and indirect lyric. ) Express your feelings directly, express your feelings through the scenery, cherish your feelings in the scenery, and blend the scenes. Because scenery is full of feelings, all scenery words are emotional words.
2, structural form:
The structural form of poetry, the common concern from beginning to end, comes straight to the point, goes deep at different levels, generalizes first and then divides, scenery first and then feelings, and then shows one's ambition, transition, bedding and foreshadowing.
3. Rhetoric:
The main rhetorical devices are: \ "antithesis \" \ "metaphor \" \ "personification \" \ "metonymy \" \ "exaggeration \" \ "parallelism \" \ "repetition \" symbol \ "and so on.
4. Writing skills:
Writing skills include: Fu Bi's arousing, setting off, comparing, rendering, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, seeing the big picture from the small, trying to promote before suppressing, associating imagination and reversing word order.
5. Artistic style:
Including vigorous, broad-minded, bold, natural and unrestrained, diluted, depressed, sad and graceful.
3. emoticon:
1, borrowing scenery to express feelings or blending scenes: When a poet has a certain feeling about a scene or an objective thing, he puts his feelings and thoughts to be expressed in this scene and expresses them by describing this scene and this thing. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express feelings. In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, plums, orchids, rocks, streams, deserts, ancient roads, border crossings, sunset, jathyapple, cool breeze, drizzle and weeds are often the objects for poets to express their feelings. For example, Bai Juyi's "The Mountain Fire is Unfinished, and the Spring Breeze is High" expresses its irresistible natural law with the tenacious struggle of "the grass on the original".
Affection in the blending of scenery (or things) and scenes is a way to express feelings indirectly and implicitly through the description of specific natural scenery or life scenes. For example, Du Fu's "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes." Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently ",the scenery contains the joy of spring rain; Liu Yong's "Where to Wake Up from Drunk Tonight, Yang Liuan, the Wandering Moon" contains the poet's sadness and hatred in the description of the scenery.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses the sadness, but it is also useful to express the sadness with the happy scene or sad scene of Syaraku's feelings. For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Writing elegies with happy scenes and mourning for Syaraku with sad scenes will double the sadness and joy.
The poet writes poems to express his thoughts and feelings. In order to achieve this goal, he needs to write scenes-scenes in or around nature to arouse feelings and convey them to readers. The handling of feelings and scenes is very important. If handled properly, he will arouse the feelings of readers and let them sing with him. Such a poem is well written and touching.
The handling of emotions and scenery is not just a matter of poetry. Other arts, such as novels, plays, movies and paintings, also have this problem. Generally speaking, love and scenery are in harmony. Take movies for example. When a disaster is about to happen, movies often let us see lightning and storms, so that the audience can be psychologically prepared and foresee future disasters. In the movie, when two men and women are in love, or when couples are newly married, they will go for a walk in the park. The weather is fine and spring blossoms, which is a refreshing sight. This kind of scene coordination is similar to writing poems in movies or other arts. This is called "scene setting" or "scene fusion".
In China's and Western's poems, we can find examples of poets successfully dealing with the coordination or integration of emotion and scenery.
& ltbr & gt Take China's poems as an example. The following two sentences are very successful in matching emotions with scenery.
Fisherman Ao () (Song) Fan Zhongyan blocked the scenery, but Hengyang geese ignored it and left. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. The pipe strength is covered with frost. People don't sleep, and the general has white hair and tears. At that time, Fan Zhongyan was sent to Yan 'an to guard the border and defend Xixia. This word is his personal experience. The time is autumn, the place is Xiaxia, and the specific place is Gucheng. The characters are generals and recruiters. They left home thousands of miles away, saw the geese flying south beyond the Great Wall, heard the sad creaking sound and the sound of Qiang pipes, and naturally they were homesick, but they couldn't go back without success. Drinking cloudy wine makes you insomnia. The sad scenes written in the ci fully fit the mood of the people at that time, and the scenes blend, so that readers can appreciate the mood of these people guarding the frontier.
Look at another word and write a happy scene:
Feng Rensong (title wine shop) C Song) Jade spends money like water in spring and gets drunk by the lake every day. Yu Qian used to know West Lake Road and was arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The spring breeze is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers on the head are biased. The original boat carries the spring home, and I pay for the lake smoke. Tomorrow, I will go to the lake to look for the lost flower shop with the residual drunkenness.
It says here that when the spring is bright, among the apricot blossoms and poplars, tourists take a boat trip, drink, sing and dance. Let readers fully feel the joy of spring outing.
You can also set off people's sadness with happy scenes. Wordsworth said in the poem Two April Mornings that on an April morning, he went to Shandong with his friend Matthew. It was a beautiful spring day, the sun was shining, and the grass and running water were refreshing, but Matthew stopped and sighed. Wordsworth felt comfortable walking in the wild in bright spring and asked Matthew why he sighed. Matthew stared at the top of the mountain in the east, and then said that such fine weather and beautiful clouds reminded him of a day exactly thirty years ago. Thirty years ago, the weather was as good as it is now, and the clouds were as beautiful as it is now. He took the fishing rod and went to his daughter's grave. His daughter Emma is not yet nine years old. She's cute. Everyone in the village likes her. She sings.
You must listen like a nightingale. But she has been lying in the cemetery. Matthew saw his daughter's grave that day. Next to a yew tree in the cemetery, he saw a girl with rosy cheeks. She has beautiful eyes, dew in her hair and a basket on her arm, and she walks briskly. Matthew said, I sigh in pain. I can't help it I looked at her again and again, but I didn't want to treat her as a relative. No matter how good my daughter dies, no one else's daughter can replace her. The poem mourns the death of her daughter, but it is written about sunny days, flowing grass and beautiful clouds, which is a scene comparison. Recalling sad things in the beautiful spring increased his sadness. Facing the joyful scene, the poet felt more and more sad. This is a happy scene to a sad scene.
Now let's look at the following poem "The Golden Tomb" (Tang Dynasty). The Weihe River drips, and birds sing like dreams in the Six Dynasties. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. Zhuang Jinling is Nanjing. There were Wu in the Six Dynasties; Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen (A.D.
3 17-589). These six dynasties all established their capitals in Nanjing, and the time was very short. The Six Dynasties were famous for their luxury. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, the Six Dynasties had passed and its luxury had declined. Therefore, when poets in Tang Dynasty visited Nanjing, they always mourned for the Six Dynasties. The poet was very sad to see the scene of the rain clearing, the grass growing and the warblers flying, and the desolation and decline in front of him. He thought that the extravagance of the Six Dynasties had passed away like a dream. But when I came to Taicheng, I saw that ten miles away, the spring was bright, the catkins were flying, and the smoke cages were lingering. He thought that the natural scenery was still so beautiful, but the personnel were all wrong, and the glory of the past-gone forever, added another sadness. Therefore, this little poem has both background and contrast. In this way, the combination of the two enhances the appeal and effect of the poem, which is a very successful work.
2. In poetry appreciation, emptiness and reality are relative, as the book says, there is truth and no emptiness; Evidence is truth, and false support is empty; Objective is true, subjective is virtual; Concrete is real, hermit is empty; Actions are true, but words are empty; The present is true and the future is empty; The known is true, the unknown is false, and so on.
& ltbr & gt first introduces "emptiness" in poetry.
In the traditional techniques of Chinese painting, emptiness refers to the part with sparse strokes or blank parts in the picture. It gives people room for imagination and endless aftertaste. Poetry and painting are the same, and poetry draws on this method of Chinese painting. The emptiness of poetry means that you can't touch it intuitively, but you can appreciate the ethereal images and ethereal realms between the lines. Specifically, the "emptiness" in poetry includes the following three categories:
1, the dream world of immortals and ghosts. Poets often use this nothingness to contrast reality. This is the so-called representation of reality with virtual images. For example, Tianmu Mountain Wonderland climbing in the dream is a virtual image. But now the sun and the moon light up the gold and silver platform, wearing rainbow clothes and riding the wind, with tigers as their pipa players and phoenixes as dancers, and rows and rows of fields like hemp are lined with fairy images. Li Bai painted a beautiful picture, reflecting the darkness of reality.
2. Past scenes. This kind of virtual scene is a scene that the author has experienced or happened in history, and now it is out of sight. For example, in Li Yu's Yu Meiren, "the jade carving fence should still exist, and Zhu Yan should change it", and the "jade carving fence" in the sentence "old country" exists, but it is no longer in sight at this time, and it is also a virtual image. The author compares the Jade Carving Column to Zhu Yan, which has a sense of desolation of the old country, and things are different. Another example is Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia", which says: "When talking and laughing, it will disappear." It reproduces the historical facts of burning Chibi. Obviously, it didn't happen in front of us, so it was also a virtual scene.
3. Imagine the future. This virtual environment has not happened yet, and its feeling will continue to extend into the future. Therefore, writing funeral music will double its funeral music; Syaraku will have more fun. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling" reads "Where do you wake up today? There is a waning moon on the bank of Yangliu. " This is an imaginary landscape after parting: a boat leaves the shore, and the poet wakes up after drinking, only to see a breeze blowing the willows, and the waning moon hangs high on the willows. Many of Cui Yingying's farewell words in The West Chamber and The Pavilion are imagination of the future. Tonight in the middle of the month, I watched it alone from the window of her room, because our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is.
Look at the "reality" in poetry again.
In Chinese painting, truth refers to the meticulous and rich brushstrokes in the picture. In poetry, "truth" refers to the real images, facts and reality existing in the objective world. For example, the dark reality of Tianmu Mountain ascended to heaven in a dream; "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon" in Young Beauty; In Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia, there is still a lack of description of the precipitousness of Red Cliff. In Yulin Ridge, Shangque wrote about the separation of two people, such as "cold and sad, dying for the pavilion" and "holding hands and looking at each other with tears, speechless and choking." Wait a minute.
"The coexistence of the virtual and the real" means that the virtual and the reality are interrelated and interrelated.
I hope I can help you! !