Label: Cultural classification of Chinese teaching in middle school textbooks: Say what you want.
No matter "after X zero", anyone who has been studying for a few days should take a Chinese textbook and make a loud reading sound in a bright classroom. After reading last week's Southern Weekend (June 25th, 2009), I suddenly realized that many classic articles we once read devoutly were originally revised or abridged, which was somewhat different from the original. According to the statistics of Southern Weekend, among the first to sixth volumes 172 texts of Nine-year Compulsory Education Junior High School Textbook published by People's Education Publishing House in the autumn of 193, 57 were revised. Moreover, the more classic the work, the more it needs to be changed. So, is there any reason for People's Education Publishing House to delete the original text? Of course, the main reason is that we don't want to pollute the pure hearts of students.
For example, in the classical Chinese version of the first-grade Chinese textbook "Kouji", the inappropriate content of "sexual intercourse" aimed at junior high school students ("jane doe" shaking her husband's language is obscene "and" if she doesn't respond at first, the two languages will gradually mix together and the bed will suddenly end "have caused many comments from netizens a few years ago. There is also a third-grade textbook "Dream of Red Mansions" and "Gourd Monk's Judgment on Gourd", which deleted the gay section ("(Feng Yuan) loves men's style and doesn't love women. This is also a previous life "). Even Mr. Zhu Ziqing, who "shows our national heroism", is suspected of being involved in pornography. When his "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" was included in the Chinese textbook of Senior One, slightly frivolous words ("Beauty who just came out of the bath" and "Singing in front of the boat") were deleted.
Needless to say, in a long historical period, this kind of abridgement can completely exist, because such "vulgar" content is easy to make people "uneasy", especially middle school students who need "youth escort", so Green Dam is ok. But there is also an abridgement, which is called "refining" the words and phrases of the original text without changing the author's original intention. This kind of "refinement" can be divided into two situations, one is the translation of foreign works, and the other is the articles of domestic writers.
This first situation is "latent" because few readers will compare it with the original foreign language to see what changes have been made, but we can still find problems from the logical relationship of context. Last year, a parent netizen wrote to me (see "A non-professional teacher's notes on preparing lessons (singing and laughing)"), questioning this sentence in the article "The home of crickets" by French writer Fabres (Lesson 7, Book 1, Chinese textbook for fourth grade primary school, People's Education Press): "On the sunny bank, there is an oblique tunnel hidden in the green grass. Even if there is a shower, the tunnel twists and turns along the terrain, which is not more than nine inches deep. This is the residence of crickets. " There are two things unclear in this passage: one is "nine inches deep and one finger wide". What does this mean? Are the French used to measuring like this? ; Second, what does "inclined tunnel" mean? Is it a cave? Is the cave easy to drain? I checked the original French text and found that the so-called "nine inches deep and one finger wide" is an old French pot, equivalent to 24 cm, and in China it is 7.2 inches, not "nine inches"; "One finger width" should refer to the diameter of the index finger. As for the problem of "cave drainage", the original meaning is that "grass slope" is easy to drain, which has nothing to do with the inclination of the board hole. According to this netizen, many Chinese teachers in some forums are arguing about how the "inclined tunnel" is beneficial to drainage because they can't understand this passage, and they also discuss the inclined direction. Now it is finally clear that it is "uphill" that is beneficial to drainage, not "inclined tunnel"!
The second case is to delete (arbitrarily change) the original text of the domestic author. Or the serious parents and friends mentioned above, in the article "Tianshan Mountain in July" (the fourth grade of Chinese textbook, the original author was Bi Yue, and the editor of the textbook declared that "there were changes in the selection of articles"), put forward many questions, and he marked out the places that felt problematic:
Do you need a reason to delete the original text from Chinese textbooks?
In Xinjiang in July, the ideal thing is to ride the Tianshan Mountains. 1, ambiguous, and easy to make people feel that the subject is unclear.
Entering the Tianshan Mountains, the scorching heat on the Gobi Desert is far behind, and the oncoming cold snow-capped mountains will make you feel crisp in autumn. The blue sky is set against the towering and huge snow peaks. In the sun, 2. The connection between the front and the back is not smooth, and children always recite "Under the Sun" naturally. The clouds between the snow peaks, like several silver-gray flowers, are embroidered on white satin. Melting snow water, flying down from high mountain streams and cliffs, like thousands of glittering silver chains, merged into an impulsive stream at the foot of the mountain. There seems to be something wrong with the connection at the back. The sentence is too long, the tone is not smooth, and the waves are thrown upward, forming a thousand blooming Bai Lianhua. Every time the water is slow, there are fish jumping happily. At this time, when you ride on horseback by the Yinma River, you can overlook the sunny and crystal-clear bottom of the water, between colorful streams and stones. 4. I feel a little awkward. The sparkling fish scales set off the clear white snow, adding infinite vitality to the silent Tianshan Mountains.
Further inside, Tianshan Mountain looks more and more beautiful. Under the snow line of the white peak, there is an endless green virgin forest, with huge umbrellas spreading like dense tassels, overlapping branches and tiny sun shadows. Riding through the forest, I only heard the sound of horseshoes splashing on the rocks. What kind of underwater sound do you hear? The sound of "horseshoes splashing over rocks" The "underwater sound" here should be changed to "the sound of water" to make the dense forest quieter. If there is something wrong with the previous sentence, then the subject of this sentence is ambiguous, that is, teaching primary school students to use the word "make" indiscriminately.
Walking into the depths of Tianshan Mountain, the mountain color gradually becomes soft, and the mountain shape gradually becomes soft. There is no problem in itself, but people think that the following will tell readers how to "soften"-there is something wrong with the following collocation. The water here is slow and haunts every foot of the mountain. On both sides of the gently rippling stream, there are wild flowers that are higher than the horse's head. They are colorful, such as endless brocade, as dazzling as the glow on the horizon, as gorgeous as the rainbow in the sky. 7. Dazzling, gorgeous and tender are not the same thing? The disunity of sound calling words makes people doubt the level of the author Bi Ye. Obviously, there is something wrong with the sentence "tenderness". The horse walks in the sea of flowers, especially vigorous; People floating on the sea of flowers look extraordinarily energetic. You don't have to leave the saddle at once, you can get a full flower of love with a gentle hand. 8. Correct it several times before letting the children understand that the "full" and "beloved flowers" in the back must be separated. In primary school textbooks, misleading sentences should not appear.
Although it is not spring in Tianshan Mountain at this time, what spring garden can compare with the boundless flowers in Tianshan Mountain at this time?
Compared with Mr. Biyo's original text, most of the uncomfortable places in the above text are by-products of the editor's "refining" to change the original text, which damages the integrity and literary talent of the original text (Tianshan Mountain in July is attached). For the healthy growth of teenagers' minds in the flower season, it is best to appeal to the editors of People's Education Publishing House not to delete the original author's articles at will when writing Chinese texts.
Appendix: Tianshan Mountain in July
Bi Ye
In the Gobi Desert in Xinjiang in July, in the hot summer, the most ideal thing at this time is to ride the Tianshan Mountains. Ili in the north of Xinjiang and Yanqi in the south both produce good horses. Whether it is a Kazakh horse in Yili or a Mongolian horse in Yanqi, riding it to climb a mountain is like walking flat, fast and steady.
When you enter the Tianshan Mountains, the hot summer on the Gobi Desert is far from over, and the cold snow-capped mountains coming from you will immediately make you feel cool in autumn. The blue sky is lined with tall snow peaks. In the sun, a few white clouds cast shadows among the snow peaks, just like a few silver-gray dark flowers embroidered on white satin. Melting snow falls from high mountain streams and cliffs like thousands of glittering silver chains. This flying snow water merged into a swift stream at the foot of the mountain, and the waves were thrown upward, forming thousands of blooming Bai Lianhua. However, every time the water slows down, there are fish jumping. At this time, when you sit on the saddle beside Shuima River, you can overlook the clear water bottom through which the sun shines. Among the colorful waterstones, sparkling fish scales reflect the clear snow water, adding infinite vitality to the silent Tianshan Mountains.
Further inside, Tianshan Mountain looks more and more beautiful. Under the snow line of the white mountain peak, there is an endless green virgin forest. The dense tassels are like giant umbrellas that hold up the sky, and the overlapping branches only leak the sun shadow. When riding through the forest, you only hear the sound of water splashing on the rocks, which adds to the silence of the forest. In the depths of this beautiful forest, even birds rarely fly, and occasionally only a few birds can be heard in the distance. If you get off the horse and sit on a rock and smoke, although the sun is shining outside the forest, your cigarette butt is shining brightly in the dense forest covered by the sun. Judging from the two charred dead trees found by chance, it seems that there may have been hard hunters here. They made a fire in the middle of the night and burned the game they caught. This Tianshan Mountain is full of herds of wild sheep, grass deer, bison and wild camels.
If it is still like autumn to enter Tianshan Mountain, it is like spring to go further inside. The mountain color gradually becomes soft, the mountain shape gradually becomes soft, and there is a feeling of jelly when you reach out. The water here is slow and haunts every foot of the mountain. On both sides of the gently rippling stream, wild flowers are blooming higher than the horsehead, red, yellow, white, purple and colorful, as long as endless brocade, as dazzling as rosy clouds on the horizon and as gorgeous as Changhong in the sky. This dense layer of wild flowers is ten feet high. The flowers are eight-inch agate plates with large petals. The horse walks in the sea of flowers, which is particularly vigorous, and the person floats on the sea of flowers, which is also particularly energetic. You don't have to leave the saddle on the horse, so you can hold your favorite big flowers with your little hands.
Although it is not spring in Tianshan Mountain at this time, what spring garden can compare with the boundless flowers in Tianshan Mountain at this time?