For a long time, some writers and writers have been unable to define poetry accurately. Some people say that poetry is pure literature with rhythm. He Qifang said: Poetry is the most concentrated reflection of social life, saturated with rich imagination and feelings. Exquisite and harmonious, with distinct rhythm. I agree with this generalization relatively.
The close relationship between poetry and other literary forms: Zhu Guangqian said: All pure literature should have the characteristics of poetry, and poetry is more cautious, purer and more subtle than other kinds of literature. Because poetry is characterized by lyricism.
Formal features: sense of rhythm and rhythm, suitable for singing and chanting. But it doesn't mean that as long as it has these characteristics, it is poetry. For example, Saint Amethyst and Hundred Family Names cannot be called poems.
Classification of poetry:
According to different characteristics: the style of Book of Songs, Chu Ci, Yuefu, Modern Style, Ci and Sanqu;
According to different contents: lyric poetry, narrative poetry, the combination of lyric and narrative;
According to the different forms of expression: metrical poems, free poems and folk songs;
According to different themes: local poetry, landscape poetry, pastoral poetry, object-chanting poetry, science poetry, frontier poetry, painting poetry, etc.
The characteristics of poetry:
(1) Express thoughts and feelings through images and artistic conception;
Such as: Wang Wei's Bird Watching Creek;
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty.
When the moon rises, birds are frightened. Sometimes they sing in the deep stream.
Images such as osmanthus, spring mountain, moon, birds and deep streams show the artistic conception of writing static with motion and setting static with sound.
(2) The language is refined, implicit and expressive;
(3) Strong lyricism and eroticism, with a high degree of unity between thoughts and feelings and real life;
Pipa Travel is typical, moving people with emotion and touching the heart, and the author's thoughts and feelings are completely integrated into the work.
(4) Harmonious rhythm, distinct rhythm and beautiful music.
Prose:
Prose is a literary genre that expresses the author's views and feelings and reveals its social significance through the description of some fragments or life events in real life. It doesn't necessarily have a complete story and characters, but focuses on the author's living standard, which is flexible in selecting materials and is not bound by rhythm.
In ancient times, prose was generally called prose, which did not rhyme or rearrange couples, including historical masterpieces. Modern prose refers to a literary genre on an equal footing with poetry, novels and plays. Here we mainly talk about modern prose.
Classification of prose:
From the form of expression: miscellaneous feelings, short comments, essays, travel notes, letters, diaries, memoirs and so on.
From the nature of content, it can be divided into narrative prose, lyric prose, landscape prose and discussion prose.
Narrative prose-prose mainly recalling people, things and things;
Lyric prose-through the narrative description of characters, events or scenery, it achieves the purpose of supporting things, chanting ambitions and containing feelings in things. Symbols are often used to express the author's hidden passion and guide people to remember and associate;
Landscape prose-prose mainly describing scenery;
Discuss prose-reasoning is often carried out with the help of short examples, image descriptions and emotional expressions, without logical reasoning and strict argumentation.
Prose has the following stylistic features:
1, both replication and expression.
Narrative prose is very expressive, and there are many lyric prose, which is more expressive than expressive.
2. Situation (i.e. situation and atmosphere) becomes the pillar element of prose.
3. The movement of artistic images in prose is scattered, and there is no necessary connection between fragments. Narrative prose is relatively stable, and lyrical prose has great leap.
4. The prose language is exquisite and plain, and it is strewn at random. It uses a lot of rhetorical devices and writes a lot of texture.
Generally speaking, prose is characterized by extensive materials, "scattered form and strong spirit"; Free form and flexible writing; Language is not limited by rhythm, and its expression is implicit and meaningful.
Novel:
By describing a complete story and a specific environment, the novel shapes various characters and reflects social life in many ways.
Novel is a literary genre that focuses on portraying characters and reflects social life through complete stories and specific environmental descriptions. From this, we can see the three elements of the novel: characters, plots and environment (natural environment and social environment).
The main means by which novels reflect social life is to portray characters. The characters in the novel are called typical characters; This character was created by the author according to real life. He is different from the real person, "eclectic, integrated." It is more concentrated and representative to reflect life through such typical figures. The means of shaping characters in novels can be general introduction, specific description, description of characters' appearance and psychological activities. It can be either the action dialogue of the characters or the comments of the author. You can use the pen from the front or from the side.
The novel mainly shows the character and performance center through stories. The story comes from life, but after sorting, refining and arranging, it is more concentrated, complete and representative than the real things that happen in current life.
The description of the environment and the characterization of the novel have an extremely important relationship with the central idea. In the description of environment, social environment is the key point, which reveals all kinds of complex social relations, such as identity, status, historical background of growth and so on. The natural environment includes place, time, season, climate, scenery and so on. The description of the natural environment plays a great role in expressing the emotions of characters and rendering the atmosphere.
Classification of novels:
According to the length of space, it can be divided into long stories, medium stories and short stories;
According to different contents, it can be divided into social novels, fairy tales, historical novels, science novels and detective novels.
Differences in stylistic features among poems, essays and novels;
Comparative analysis of the three, I summed up the following differences:
From the perspective of conception and expression, prose is the freest literary genre, followed by poetry, and novels are the most restricted.
From the function of telling stories and revealing social phenomena, novels occupy an obvious prominent position, while poetry and prose are relatively weak in this respect. Even in some poems, there is no storytelling, which is purely conscious.
Poetry is characterized by rhythm, catchy reading, and is very suitable for reading and reciting, which prose and novels do not have. At the same time, as He Qifang said at the beginning of the article, all pure literature has the characteristics of poetry, which makes poetry closely related to other literary forms. Therefore, if you want to appreciate other forms of pure literature in depth, you often need to appreciate it from the perspective of appreciating poetry.
Poetry and prose, in general, express the author's own feelings about life, and express the inner feelings and charm brought to the author by this scene, event and character. In other words, the author revealed his heart to the reader. Poetry often relies on images and artistic conception, and the poet's feelings and artistic conception are hidden behind the words, which need readers to savor carefully, and some of them are even obscure. If you don't combine the characters with the background, you can't understand it. In addition to emotional factors, prose also has the author's real and profound experience and understanding of life. Therefore, we can often see the level of the author's ideological realm from an essay, and poetry has no such function. I would like to add here that prose poetry formed by the combination of poetry and prose is also a popular literary form, which has both the stylistic characteristics of poetry and prose, the rhythm and rhythm of poetry, and the "looseness" and freedom of prose. From this, we can see the interoperability between various literary forms.
This novel is fictional and untrue. It may be based on some real people and things in life, but it is by no means a true representation of these things. Poetry and prose are true, they are the expression of the author's inner feelings.