abstract
China's ci is a colorful garden. Colorful, charming and graceful words add infinite brilliance to China's classical poetry, and also play a certain role in the development of China literature. From the Tang and Five Dynasties to the modern times, graceful and restrained words inherited the fine tradition of folk songs, constantly bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, and formed their own characteristics.
The first is "singing". Graceful words are a new style of poetry that is sung with music. Since its birth, it has formed an indissoluble bond with music. "Biography of Old Tang Dynasty" once recorded that Fei Qing "can sing songs one by one, which is a kind word". Genius writers have both literary attainments and musical knowledge. Every time I fill in a stroke, I often hammer words to refine sentences, judge the sound and set the tone, and closely combine picturesque artistic conception, refined language and wonderful music, which is not only vivid, but also pleasing to the ear and has touching artistic charm. Graceful words are developed on this basis. "A new word, a glass of wine", these gentle and fragrant songs, with a farewell tone, are mostly played and sung by geisha dancers in the flowers and in front of the bottle in a light singing and dancing way. After a song, the lingering sound is refreshing. "Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng is dying." ("Liu Yong" Lin Yuling ") only married 178 girls, with red teeth, singing softly. This new music of "charming and close to love, telling stories and spreading stories" often fascinates listeners. Graceful words are harmonious in syllables, and "words enter the law". Soft tone, easy to be accepted. Pronouns in Tang and Five Dynasties have long had this feature. Ouyang Jiong said in "Introduction to Flowers": "... The son of a feast embroiders beauties, hands flowers and leaves, and paints beautiful flowers; Raise your delicate hand and pat sandalwood. There is no lack of words to help the enchanting state. "In the Song Dynasty, graceful words were unprecedentedly prosperous and swept the country. Liu Yong's words, "There is a well to drink", can be sung. It can be seen that it was widely circulated at that time. Until modern times, graceful words still have "singing". This is its outstanding feature.
Love is the traditional theme and the main feature of graceful words. It tells the joys and sorrows, joys and sorrows of the world with emotional people. Brilliant Flowers is a love story. Wei Ya, a five-pronoun person, is good at using various lyric techniques and successfully expresses his feelings about life. Yan Shu's lyrical euphemism of Zhu Yu's ci. As beautiful as pearls, sparkling. Ouyang Xiu is a leader, a scholar and a central figure shouldering cultural tradition and orthodoxy. In his poems, we can only see his serious face of protecting Tao, but his lyric poems are charming, gentle and touching. Nalan Xingde, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty, was skillful in riding and shooting, but his small words were euphemistic and moving. Gai "Love can't be expressed in words, and poetry can't be understood, but it can be euphemistically described in long and short sentences." (Ge Liang's "Flower Thorn Bronze Drum Hall"). Writers reveal their true feelings, joys and sorrows in a tortuous and delicate way through lyric euphemism, which has won the sympathy and admiration of countless readers in ancient and modern times.
Love is an important part of people's lives. Describing love is reflected in people's passionate pursuit of love, longing for a happy life, and sadness and sorrow when they are persecuted and frustrated under the rule of feudal ethics, which has become an important content of graceful words. First of all, it is manifested in the bold pursuit and praise of love. The author of the Dunhuang tune "Bodhisattva Man" boldly, frankly and tactfully wrote, "I want to rest before my pillow, and I want to wait for the green hills to rot ..." This expressed my eternal desire for love. Feng Yansi's Long Life Girl wrote a toast for the couple, and they will never part. Wei Zhuang's Four Hometowns "I'm going to get married and rest for a lifetime. Even if it is ruthlessly abandoned, it cannot be ashamed. " Praise the innocent girl's passionate pursuit of love. Li Qingzhao's masterpiece "Drunken Flowers" is a kind of expression of love and describes her happy love life.
Affectionate poets often praise the sincerity of love by expressing their sadness and hatred of parting.
"Xicheng willow makes spring soft. Tears can't be collected when you are away from troubles. I still remember my feelings. I once went back to the boat for the department. ..... "(Jiangchengzi by Qin Guan) is a touching song. Liu Yong's masterpiece Yulinling expresses a wanderer's strong and touching emotion. "Holding hands and looking at tears, I was speechless." It vividly depicts the painful state of mind of being separated from my lover and living in rivers and lakes. Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi" is "Ten Years of Life and Death", which expresses his "unforgettable and incredible" true feelings for his dead wife. "After parting, remember to meet each other and dream of being with you several times" (Yan's Partridge Sky) is about loving each other that day and thinking of the lovesickness after parting, which is sad, charming, gentle and natural. Ouyang Xiu's lyric poems, such as Walking on the Sand, Waiting for Plums in the Pavilion and How Deep the Courtyard is, are beautiful and charming, although they are thoughts of children's affair and parting. "acacia leaks more every night, and the moon is dry. I miss you.
I'm cold. "(Wei Zhuang's" Huanxisha ") write the memories of love life, the pain of parting from acacia, full of true feelings.
In the long feudal society, women's misfortunes, especially the frustration of geisha and literati who were oppressed in the lower classes, were often expressed in graceful words. Liu Yong's career was bumpy, and he lingered in the lower classes for a long time.
His poems often show the pain and mental outlook of geisha and their love with great sympathy. "When I hate my fickle feelings, there are no books." "I regret not locking the carved saddle." "Guard and follow, don't hide, and the color line sits with Iraq." The words "Ding Fengbo" not only describe the physical and mental torture suffered by geisha, but also show their passionate pursuit of love and yearning for a free and happy life. "ecstasy.
At this time, the sachet is hidden, the ribbon is lightly divided, the middle is won, and the brothel is lucky.
...... "The whole word is filled with infinite" ecstasy ". It shows the artistic effect of graceful words "difficult scenery, difficult feelings and nature"
Graceful words often express feelings that hurt heaven and earth. The writer put the hatred of home and country, the feeling of life experience, either into eroticism or into chanting things. On the surface, it seems that they are expressing love and describing things, but in fact they have other hopes. "How annoying, dreaming last night. Just like going to the garden in the past ... "("Looking at Jiangnan ") When is the spring flowers and the autumn moon? What do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back at the middle of next year. "(Yu Meiren)" If you keep cutting, you will still be confused. This is separation. Especially the general taste is in my heart. " "Meet each other"), "Running water in spring is heaven and earth." (Langtaosha) Li Yu's ci expressed his hatred of national subjugation with vivid images and passionate feelings. Song Huizong's "Yanshan Pavilion" euphemistically and sadly wrote the infinite emotion after the country was captured. Xin Qiji's "Fishing" "can save several storms, and spring will rush back." Using comparative methods, we use "beauty vanilla" to describe gentlemen and sages; Describe the affairs of home and country, the feelings of body and mind and men and women, touching, sad and implicit.
Poets often express their feelings of life by chanting Yan, Liu, and Yan, which is difficult to express. For example, the word "Yongmei" written by Lu You is a metaphor for plum blossoms, which is intended to be beyond words and thought-provoking. Writers often take flowers and plants, boudoir, seeing off spring and cherishing spring as themes to express their interest in life, their love for beautiful things and their sadness when they are frustrated. "There is nothing to do, but Yan Gui feels deja vu" (Yan Shu's "Huanxisha"), which expresses the feelings of cherishing spring and hurting singers, and shows the author's faint sadness. This word is warm and elegant, romantic and elegant, but not frivolous. Its beauty is not obscene, and it is most appreciated by people.
The war destroyed a peaceful and stable life and brought great disasters to the people. The hatred of the country's ruin and the feelings of where you will go are constantly reflected in the graceful words. Jiang Xingzu's "Broken Magnolia" is "near Yanshan Mountain, it is difficult to return home", which shows the infinite pain of her exile to the north and vividly reflects the social life and people's sufferings in that chaotic era.
Another feature of graceful words is "winning by beauty". It expresses the beauty of nature and life with beautiful language, beautiful image and beautiful artistic conception, and praises the spiritual beauty of characters.
Writers have harmoniously unified beautiful language, beautiful image and beautiful artistic conception, and created a large number of wonderful and poetic words. "Ask how sad you are? Just like a river flowing eastward (Yu Meiren), the traffic in Ma Rulong is busy, the flowers and flowers in the spring breeze are blooming every month (Li Yu's Looking at the South of the Yangtze River), the rain outside the curtain is gurgling, the spring is fading away (Li Yu's "Langtaosha Ling"), the willows are dancing low, and the peach blossom fans are singing (Yan) at the bottom. " Yan's "Recent Flowers" are all beautiful and colorful. It is often a good time to stay in one sentence; All emotions, spit out one word. A sentence can last forever because of a wonderful sentence. Song Qi, the author of "Red Apricot Blossoms in Spring" ("Jade House Spring"), has won the reputation of "History of Red Apricot Blossoms Out of the Wall"! "Clouds break through the moon to make a shadow" ("Xian Zai"), the author Zhang Xiansui is known as "Zhang Sanying"; "A stream of smoke flies all over the city, Huang Meiyu" (jade case), so Zhu He is called "He".
There are also Li Qingzhao's "Mo Tao is not charming, the curtain is wrapped in the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers" ("Drunken Flowers Shadow"), "Wild geese return, and the moon is full of west buildings", "a kind of acacia, two places of leisure", "Just frown, but go to my heart" ("Cut Plum Blossoms") and "Indus even drizzle, dripping at dusk" ("Sound").
It is human nature to love beauty. The artistic form of beauty is a bridge to communicate human feelings. Creating beautiful artistic conception is the basic feature of graceful words. Li Qingzhao's Dream and Sunset in Xiting are beautiful pictures, which bring readers into a beautiful artistic conception. "Going to the West Building alone has nothing to say, the moon is like a hook, the phoenix tree is in a deep courtyard, and the autumn color is locked" (Li Yu's Meet You Huan), creating a desolate and beautiful artistic conception. "There is no trace of spring, unless you ask the oriole, no one can understand, because the wind blows over the rose" (Huang Tingjian's "Qing Ping Le"). Through wonderful imagination, the author combines the feeling of cherishing spring with the meaning of seeking spring, and the artistic conception is beautiful. Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" "Flowers wither, red and green apricots are small. Swallows fly, and green water people go around. " The whole poem depicts the scenery in late spring, and it contains the feeling of hurting spring in the artistic conception of beauty. Wang Yuyang once praised "Liu Mian on the branch" in Flowers and Trees, and worried that the fate of the wasteland (Liu Yong) might not pass. "
Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi" "Xiao Xuan window, dressing up, caring for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears".
The beauty of the image and life of the characters reappears in this beautiful artistic conception, vivid and true, as if it were just in front of us. "It is expected that every year will be heartbroken, moonlit and short matsuoka." The bleak mood is fascinating and heartbreaking. The author creates artistic conception beauty with beautiful language and beautiful image, which makes readers intoxicated with the enjoyment of beauty. Nalan Xingde is nostalgic for his loved ones and sings poems of nature, which are fresh and graceful, elegant and profound, full of affection and beautiful. His "Sauvignon Blanc", "Journey to the Mountain, Journey to the Water, Journey to Guan Yu's Edge, ……", in the description of the scenery beyond the Great Wall, reveals the feeling of parting from sorrow, a feeling of homesickness and a beautiful artistic conception.
Beautiful words reflect life according to the law of beauty. Writers use refined language, sincere feelings and beautiful artistic images to reflect the social life with certain typical significance, and have created a large number of excellent works, which are colorful and loved by our people and passed down from generation to generation.