Example 1 Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha? 6? Qiu Si (1): an old tree crow with withered vine,/a small bridge with flowing water,/a thin horse with ancient road and west wind. /the sun is setting,/heartbroken people are at the end of the world. This song "Song Yuan" shows the homesickness of wandering wanderers. The emotion of the whole poem is complex and fluid, because there are four images in the poem, and four images are four pictures. The first image, "A dead vine, an old tree and a faint crow", conveys a desolate and aging state of mind, and consists of three images: a dead vine, an old tree and a crow. The second image, "Little Bridge and Flowing Water", expresses the yearning for peace and warmth, and consists of three images: Little Bridge, Flowing Water and People. The third image, "old road west wind thin horse", expresses the feeling of coldness and thinness, and consists of three images: "old road west wind thin horse". The fourth image, "When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world", shows the sadness and melancholy of wanderers, and consists of three images: people, the end of the world and the sunset. These four images are relatively independent but related. And integrated into a general center (meaning): "Qiu Si". When we analyze, we can't say that every noun in the work is an image, because it is only an element (image) that constitutes an image. We should pay special attention to this problem.
In sections 2-5 of Farewell to Cambridge, the poet Xu focuses on the beauty of natural scenery in Cambridge and the intoxication of the soul when revisiting Cambridge (some people say that this is the poet Xu's attachment to the beautiful girl Lin who was only 16 years old at that time). The poet chose the following series of natural scenery images with soft, quiet and equal aesthetic characteristics when writing scenery: 1, the golden willow shines like a bride in the sunset; 2. Green grass swaying in the blue waves; 3. A rainbow pool reflecting the sunset glow; 4. lush aquatic plants in the twilight; 5. A boat full of stars at night. These beautiful images constitute a dreamy fairyland-like picture, which strongly reflects the poet's inner feelings full of joy and beauty when he revisited He Kanghe. These images are a combination of meaning and images. The golden willow, clear pool, grass and boat here are no longer simple images, but ordinary things, which have injected the author's feelings and become images in his mind and carriers of expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings.
To sum up, image is an objective image that does not penetrate the author's feelings. For example, the tiger painted by Zhang Daqian's younger brother is this image. Image is the carrier for poets to express their feelings, which is different from image and has such characteristics.
First, the unity of subject and object. Image permeates the poet's thoughts and feelings in a specific environment and at a specific moment. It is not an objective description of things. Even the most subtle and common things in poetry have permeated the poet's subjective feelings. For example, in Farewell to Cambridge, the golden willows, the grass, the qingtan and the summer insects are all ordinary things, but in the eyes of the poet full of parting feelings, they all look so beautiful, so charming and so affectionate.
Second, there is a close internal relationship between images. Whether an image is used well depends not only on whether it is vivid but also on its role in the whole. If an image has little to do with the main thoughts and feelings that the work needs to express and is not integrated with other images, then this image is redundant. For example, in Motherland, My Dear Motherland, single images such as "shabby waterwheel", "blackened miner's lamp", "withered ear of rice" and "barge on the beach" are organically organized with overlapping meanings and different emphases, forming a tragic and struggling image of the motherland in the poet's mind.
Third, the image should be vivid and powerful. Poetry is a style with vivid images and concise language. Therefore, in the choice of images, vivid and powerful are required.
We appreciate poetry, in addition to imagery, often without artistic conception. Artistic conception refers to an artistic realm formed by the combination of the author's subjective thoughts and feelings with objective things. Separately, it refers to the poet's subjective thoughts and feelings, and context refers to the life picture depicted in specific poems. However, a single "meaning" cannot form an artistic conception, and a single "realm" cannot form an artistic conception. For example, someone asked about Gu Kaizhi's mountains and rivers, and he described it this way: "A thousand rocks are beautiful, and ten thousand valleys compete for flow. It is covered with vegetation, if the clouds are thriving. " The natural scenery of Jiangnan summarized here is vivid and well known, but it cannot be said that there is artistic conception just because there is no "meaning". China's poetic theory tradition for thousands of years emphasizes the thoughts and feelings of poetry very much, as early as in Historical Records? 6? 1 Shundian put forward the theory of "poetry expresses ambition", which means that poetry should express the poet's inner thoughts and feelings and express the poet's ambitions and ideas in words. This is poetry. The preface to Mao's poems in the Han Dynasty said: "A poet is determined in his heart and speaks like a poem. Emotion moves in the middle, and actions speak louder than words. ..... "The" ambition "here can be understood as thoughts, and the" emotion "here refers to feelings. It can be seen that there is not a poem in the world that does not express the author's thoughts and feelings. The combination of "emotion" and "environment" is seamless, expressive and meaningful, thus forming an artistic realm. Only in this way can we form an artistic realm.